scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Flexural strike-slip basins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Neuharth ◽  
et al.

Description of the model setup (including governing and rheologic equations) and coupling between codes FastScape and ASPECT in more detail, and supplemental figures with additional information including mapviews of the New Guinea, Yinggehai, and Navassa Basins.<br>

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Neuharth ◽  
et al.

Description of the model setup (including governing and rheologic equations) and coupling between codes FastScape and ASPECT in more detail, and supplemental figures with additional information including mapviews of the New Guinea, Yinggehai, and Navassa Basins.<br>


Author(s):  
G.J. Yetirmishli ◽  
S.S. Ismailova ◽  
S.E. Kazimova

The Shamakhi-Ismailli seismogenic zone is known as the zone of the most powerful earthquakes in the Caucasus, which has been characterized by high seismic activity for centuries. Analysis of seismicity over the past 15 years has shown an increase in activity in this region. In October 2012, there was a devastating earthquake with a magnitude of 5.3. It is this earthquake that can be considered a trigger of activity in this region in subsequent years. In view of this, the task of studying seismicity, as well as the stress fields of the lithosphere of the region under study, seems to be especially urgent. The study of the seismicity of the Shamakhi-Ismailli zone provides additional information on the deep tectonic processes occurring in this region, which is important for seismic zoning. Aim. The article analyzes the seismic activity of the Shamakhi-Ismailli region, which began with an earthquake on February 5 at 19 h 19 min, with ml = 4.4, which occurred 11 minutes before the main shock with an intensity of 6 points, which occurred on February 5, 2019 at 19 h 31 m. Methods.The epicentral field was studied, as well as the distribution of foci in depth, solutions of the mechanisms of foci of the main shock and the most noticeable aftershock were constructed and analyzed. A diagram of the main elements of the rupture tectonics of the Shamakhi-Ismailli focal zone has been drawn, on which the mechanisms of the focal points of the lakes of the Ismailli field are plotted. Results. It has been established that the source area is located in the zone of intersection of the Vandam longitudinal fault with the West Caspian and transverse Akhsu strike-slip faults, which additionally characterizes the high seismic activity and deep penetration of the West Caspian right-sided orthogonal fault. Thus, it can be seen that, in terms of epicenters, they tend to the basement faults and the nodes of their intersection, i.e. The main shock that occurred on February 5, 2019, shows the agreement of the second nodal plane NP2 with the right-lateral Akhsu and West-Caspian transverse faults characterized by the type of displacement right-lateral strike-slip. An analysis of the orientation of the compression axes showed the NE-SW orientation, and the extension axes of the NW-SE orientation Шамахи-Исмаиллинская сейсмогенная зона известна как зона самых сильных землетрясений на Кавказе, которая на протяжении веков характеризовалась высокой сейсмической активностью. Анализ сейсмичности за последние 15 лет показал рост активности в этом регионе. В октябре 2012 года произошло разрушительное землетрясение магнитудой 5,3. Именно это землетрясение можно считать триггером активности в этом регионе в последующие годы. В связи с этим задача изучения сейсмичности, а также полей напряжений литосферы изучаемого региона представляется особенно актуальной. Изучение сейсмичности Шамахи-Исмаиллинской зоны дает дополнительную информацию о глубинных тектонических процессах, происходящих в этом регионе, что важно для сейсмического районирования. Цель работы.В статье проанализирована сейсмическая активность Шамахы-Исмаиллинского района, начавшаяся землетрясением 5 февраля в 19 ч 19 мин, с ml = 4,4, произошедшим за 11 минут до главного толчка с интенсивностью 6 баллов, произошедшего 5 февраля 2019 в 19 час 31 мин. Методы работы. Изучены эпицентральное поле, распределение очагов по глубине, построены и проанализированы решения механизмов очагов главного толчка и наиболее заметного афтершока. Составлена схема основных элементов разрывной тектоники Шамахы-Исмаиллинской очаговой зоны, на которой нанесены механизмы очагов озер Исмаиллинского месторождения. Результаты работы. Установлено, что очаговая область расположена в зоне пересечения Вандамского продольного разлома с Западно-Каспийским и поперечным Ахсуйским сдвигами, что дополнительно характеризует высокую сейсмическую активность и глубокое проникновение Западно-Каспийского правостороннего ортогонального разлома. Таким образом, видно, что в плане эпицентров они стремятся к разломам фундамента и узлам их пересечения, т.е. главный толчок, произошедший 5 февраля 2019 г., показывает совпадение второй узловой плоскости NP2 с правосторонним Ахсуйским и Западно-Каспийским поперечным разломом, характеризующимися правосторонним сдвиговым типом смещения. Анализ ориентации осей сжатия показал ориентацию СВ-ЮЗ, а оси растяжения – ориентацию СЗ-ЮВ.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Sun ◽  
Paul Mann

The area of southeastern Papua New Guinea includes three active microplates – the Trobriand, Woodlark, and Solomon Sea plates – that are being deformed by regional convergence between the much larger Pacific and Australian Plates. The landward extent of the plate boundary between the Trobriand and Australian Plates corresponds to the Owen-Stanley Fault Zone (OSFZ), an onland and continuous 510 km-long left-lateral strike-slip fault that forms a linear, intermontane valley within the elongate Owen-Stanley Range (OSR) and continues as a 250 km-long low-angle normal fault along the margins of Goodenough and Woodlark basins. GPS geodesy reveals that the Trobriand microplate has undergone rapid counter-clockwise rotation since the Late Miocene (8.4 Ma) and that this rotation about a nearby pole of rotation predicts transpressional deformation along the 250 km-long northwestern segment of the OSFZ, strike-slip motion along a 100 km-long central segment, and transtension along the 270 km-long ESE-trending southeastern segment of OSFZ. In order to illustrate the along-strike variations in neotectonic uplift resulting from the changing structure of the OSFZ, we delineated 3903 river segments in the northeastern side of the OSR drainage divide and derived river longitudinal profiles along each river segment. Normalized steepness indices (ksn) and knickpoint clusters are the highest and most concentrated, respectively, for the northwestern transpressional segment of the OSR, moderately high and concentrated along the southeastern segment of the OSR, and the lowest and least concentrated along the central strike-slip segment. These geomorphological indices indicate that most of the plate boundary uplift occurs along the transpressional and transtensional segments that are connected by the central strike-slip zone. Within this overall pattern of structural variation, abrupt changes in the azimuth of the OSFZ create more localized anomalies in the geomorphological indices.


1979 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Clinton B. Ford

A “new charts program” for the Americal Association of Variable Star Observers was instigated in 1966 via the gift to the Association of the complete variable star observing records, charts, photographs, etc. of the late Prof. Charles P. Olivier of the University of Pennsylvania (USA). Adequate material covering about 60 variables, not previously charted by the AAVSO, was included in this original data, and was suitably charted in reproducible standard format.Since 1966, much additional information has been assembled from other sources, three Catalogs have been issued which list the new or revised charts produced, and which specify how copies of same may be obtained. The latest such Catalog is dated June 1978, and lists 670 different charts covering a total of 611 variables none of which was charted in reproducible standard form previous to 1966.


Author(s):  
G. Lehmpfuhl

Introduction In electron microscopic investigations of crystalline specimens the direct observation of the electron diffraction pattern gives additional information about the specimen. The quality of this information depends on the quality of the crystals or the crystal area contributing to the diffraction pattern. By selected area diffraction in a conventional electron microscope, specimen areas as small as 1 µ in diameter can be investigated. It is well known that crystal areas of that size which must be thin enough (in the order of 1000 Å) for electron microscopic investigations are normally somewhat distorted by bending, or they are not homogeneous. Furthermore, the crystal surface is not well defined over such a large area. These are facts which cause reduction of information in the diffraction pattern. The intensity of a diffraction spot, for example, depends on the crystal thickness. If the thickness is not uniform over the investigated area, one observes an averaged intensity, so that the intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern cannot be used for an analysis unless additional information is available.


Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Mandelkow ◽  
Eckhard Mandelkow ◽  
Joan Bordas

When a solution of microtubule protein is changed from non-polymerising to polymerising conditions (e.g. by temperature jump or mixing with GTP) there is a series of structural transitions preceding microtubule growth. These have been detected by time-resolved X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation, and they may be classified into pre-nucleation and nucleation events. X-ray patterns are good indicators for the average behavior of the particles in solution, but they are difficult to interpret unless additional information on their structure is available. We therefore studied the assembly process by electron microscopy under conditions approaching those of the X-ray experiment. There are two difficulties in the EM approach: One is that the particles important for assembly are usually small and not very regular and therefore tend to be overlooked. Secondly EM specimens require low concentrations which favor disassembly of the particles one wants to observe since there is a dynamic equilibrium between polymers and subunits.


Author(s):  
Oliver C. Wells

The low-loss electron (LLE) image in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) is useful for the study of uncoated photoresist and some other poorly conducting specimens because it is less sensitive to specimen charging than is the secondary electron (SE) image. A second advantage can arise from a significant reduction in the width of the “penetration fringe” close to a sharp edge. Although both of these problems can also be solved by operating with a beam energy of about 1 keV, the LLE image has the advantage that it permits the use of a higher beam energy and therefore (for a given SEM) a smaller beam diameter. It is an additional attraction of the LLE image that it can be obtained simultaneously with the SE image, and this gives additional information in many cases. This paper shows the reduction in penetration effects given by the use of the LLE image.


2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
James B. Talmage

Abstract Lesions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), whether due to injury or illness, commonly result in residual symptoms and signs and, hence, permanent impairment. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) describes procedures for rating upper extremity neural deficits in Chapter 3, The Musculoskeletal System, section 3.1k; Chapter 4, The Nervous System, section 4.4 provides additional information and an example. The AMA Guides also divides PNS deficits into sensory and motor and includes pain within the former. The impairment estimates take into account typical manifestations such as limited motion, atrophy, and reflex, trophic, and vasomotor deficits. Lesions of the peripheral nervous system may result in diminished sensation (anesthesia or hypesthesia), abnormal sensation (dysesthesia or paresthesia), or increased sensation (hyperesthesia). Lesions of motor nerves can result in weakness or paralysis of the muscles innervated. Spinal nerve deficits are identified by sensory loss or pain in the dermatome or weakness in the myotome supplied. The steps in estimating brachial plexus impairment are similar to those for spinal and peripheral nerves. Evaluators should take care not to rate the same impairment twice, eg, rating weakness resulting from a peripheral nerve injury and the joss of joint motion due to that weakness.


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