The Role of Salinity in the Global Distribution of Surface Density Fluxes in the World Ocean Based on the Example of 2014

Oceanology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-458
Author(s):  
V. M. Kukushkin ◽  
M. Yu. Markina ◽  
S. K. Gulev ◽  
S. A. Dobrolyubov
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
V. G. Neiman

The main content of the work consists of certain systematization and addition of longexisting, but eventually deformed and partly lost qualitative ideas about the role of thermal and wind factors that determine the physical mechanism of the World Ocean’s General Circulation System (OGCS). It is noted that the conceptual foundations of the theory of the OGCS in one form or another are contained in the works of many well-known hydrophysicists of the last century, but the aggregate, logically coherent description of the key factors determining the physical model of the OGCS in the public literature is not so easy to find. An attempt is made to clarify and concretize some general ideas about the two key blocks that form the basis of an adequate physical model of the system of oceanic water masses motion in a climatic scale. Attention is drawn to the fact that when analyzing the OGCS it is necessary to take into account not only immediate but also indirect effects of thermal and wind factors on the ocean surface. In conclusion, it is noted that, in the end, by the uneven flow of heat to the surface of the ocean can be explained the nature of both external and almost all internal factors, in one way or another contributing to the excitation of the general, or climatic, ocean circulation.


Fisheries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Sauskan ◽  
Viktor Osadchii ◽  
Aleksandr Arkhipov

A role of Russian science is increasing along with domestic fisheries development in the world Ocean. One of the main tasks of researchers is to protect the interests of Russian fisheries on the international level. Such protection is based on living resources investigation and formulation of recommendations on their sustainable development, taking into account the international regulations’ and bilateral agreements’ demands.


Author(s):  
Holthus Paul

This chapter discusses the role of the World Ocean Council (WOC) and the international ocean business community in global ocean governance (GOG). It first provides an overview of the institutional development and profile of the WOC before considering the work and role and work of the WOC on ocean governance with and for the ocean business community. It then examines the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in relation to ocean business and the WOC, as well as the size, complexity trends in the ocean economy and ocean business community, which are fundamental to understanding their importance to GOG. It also analyses GOG issues relevant to the ocean business community and WOC that the United Nations and its associated bodies must address and concludes with an assessment of the role of the ocean business community and WOC in the future of the GOG agenda.


Author(s):  
Hillary Kaell

This chapter studies how the circulation of gifts and money raises fraught questions about U.S. “materialism” and the unjust global distribution of “abundance.” It starts in the 1960s to 1980s, beginning with a shift in how U.S. Christians conceived of materialism. The chapter then explores three popular anti-materialist tactics related to choosing a child to sponsor, small and homespun gifts, and the rhetorical transfiguration of consumer objects into emotions like joy and love. It also draws on the author's contemporary fieldwork at Operation Christmas Child to consider the continued role of objects as points of contact in Christian globalism. Ultimately, U.S. Christians seek to overcome their anxieties about materialism by embracing materiality—the gifts, donations, and other objects of love that seem to provide the surest way to manifest and circulate Love across the world.


2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Ragueneau ◽  
Sabine Schultes ◽  
Kay Bidle ◽  
Pascal Claquin ◽  
Brivaëla Moriceau

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 10043-10063 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yang ◽  
Y. Gao

Abstract. Aeolian dust provides the major micronutrient of soluble Fe to organisms in certain regions of the global ocean. In this study, we conduct numerical experiments using the MOZART-2 atmospheric chemistry transport model to simulate the global distribution of soluble Fe flux and Fe solubility. One of the mechanisms behind the hypothesis of acid mobilization of Fe in the atmosphere is that the coating of acidic gases changes dust from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, a prerequisite of Fe mobilization. We therefore include HNO3, SO2 and sulfate (SO42−) as dust transformation agents in the model. General agreement in Fe solubility within a factor of 2 is achieved between model and observations. The total flux of soluble Fe to the world ocean is estimated to be 731–924×109 g yr−1, and the average Fe solubility is 6.4–8.0%. Wet deposition contributes over 80% to total soluble Fe flux to most of the world oceans. Special attention is paid to the relative role of HNO3 versus SO2 and sulfate. We demonstrate that coating by HNO3 produces over 36% of soluble Fe fluxes compared to that by SO2 and sulfate combined in every major oceanic basin. Given present trends in the emissions of NOx and SO2, the relative contribution of HNO3 to Fe mobilization may get even larger in the future.


2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 594-607
Author(s):  
N. G. Iakovlev ◽  
E. M. Volodin ◽  
D. V. Sidorenko ◽  
A. S. Gritsun

Author(s):  
Sergii Snigirov ◽  
Sergiy Sylantyev

AbstractGlobal warming and connected acidification of the world ocean attract a substantial amount of research efforts, in particular in a context of their impact on behaviour and metabolism of marine organisms, such as Cnidaria. Nevertheless, mechanisms underlying Cnidarians’ neural signalling and behaviour and their (possible) alterations due to the world ocean acidification remain poorly understood. Here we researched for the first time modulation of GABAA receptors (GABAARs) in Actinia equina (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) by pH fluctuations within a range predicted by the world ocean acidification scenarios for the next 80–100 years and by selective pharmacological activation. We found that in line with earlier studies on vertebrates, both changes of pH and activation of GABAARs with a selective allosteric agonist (diazepam) modulate electrical charge transfer through GABAAR and the whole-cell excitability. On top of that, diazepam modifies the animal behavioural reaction on startle response. However, despite behavioural reactions displayed by living animals are controlled by GABAARs, changes of pH do not alter them significantly. Possible mechanisms underlying the species resistance to acidification impact are discussed.


Author(s):  
David M Watson

Mistletoes are an enigmatic group of plants. Lacking roots and depending on other plants for their livelihood, they have inspired a range of beliefs throughout the world. Some people regard them as mystical plants endowed with magical properties, others as destructive weeds that devalue native habitats, and still others as beautiful native plants that support wildlife. This book represents the first thorough treatment of mistletoes in Australia. It summarises their evolutionary origin and global distribution, highlighting diversity patterns in Australasia, and describes the ecology and life history of mistletoes, detailing the variety of animals that depend on them for food and shelter. The book discusses the cultural significance of mistletoes, compares imported European beliefs with home-grown Indigenous lore and looks at the role of mistletoe in contemporary art, design and medicine. It also explores the management of mistletoes, noting those situations where mistletoe becomes too abundant and offering practical solutions to achieve a more balanced outcome. Finally, there is a guide to identifying mistletoes, including detailed species accounts for all 46 species found in southern Australia. With 51 specially commissioned watercolours by artist Robyn Hulley and more than 130 colour photographs, Mistletoes of Southern Australia is the definitive authority on these intriguing native plants.


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