scholarly journals Glutathione Status in the Roots of Tomato Plants Transgenic by Genes psl and rapA1 in the Presence of Rhizobium leguminosarum

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 923-930
Author(s):  
Z. R. Vershinina ◽  
O. V. Chubukova ◽  
D. R. Maslennikova
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Leguminous Plants ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Glutathione Status

Abstract The level of glutathione was investigated in the roots of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants transgenic by genes psl and rapA1 in the presence of a microsymbiont of leguminous plants Rhizobium leguminosarum VSy3. The plants transformed with gene psl showed a greater bacterial adhesion than the plants transformed with gene rapA1, which positively correlated with growth parameters of plants. Treatment with rhizobia elevated the content of glutathione in the roots of wild type plants three times, 4.7 times in the roots of plants transformed with gene rapA1, and more than five times in the plants transgenic by gene psl. The obtained results suggest that the level of glutathione in the roots may serve as a marker of efficiency of artificial symbiotic systems produced de novo.

scholarly journals Thiamine Is Synthesized by a Salvage Pathway in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae Strain 3841

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (18) ◽  
pp. 6661-6668 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Karunakaran ◽  
K. Ebert ◽  
S. Harvey ◽  
M. E. Leonard ◽  
V. Ramachandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Salvage Pathway ◽  
Mesorhizobium Loti ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr

ABSTRACT In the absence of added thiamine, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strain 3841 does not grow in liquid medium and forms only “pin” colonies on agar plates, which contrasts with the good growth of Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021, Mesorhizobium loti 303099, and Rhizobium etli CFN42. These last three organisms have thiCOGE genes, which are essential for de novo thiamine synthesis. While R. leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 lacks thiCOGE, it does have thiMED. Mutation of thiM prevented formation of pin colonies on agar plates lacking added thiamine, suggesting thiamine intermediates are normally present. The putative functions of ThiM, ThiE, and ThiD are 4-methyl-5-(β-hydroxyethyl) thiazole (THZ) kinase, thiamine phosphate pyrophosphorylase, and 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl pyrimidine (HMP) kinase, respectively. This suggests that a salvage pathway operates in R. leguminosarum, and addition of HMP and THZ enabled growth at the same rate as that enabled by thiamine in strain 3841 but elicited no growth in the thiM mutant (RU2459). There is a putative thi box sequence immediately upstream of the thiM, and a gfp-mut3.1 fusion to it revealed the presence of a promoter that is strongly repressed by thiamine. Using fluorescent microscopy and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, it was shown that thiM is expressed in the rhizosphere of vetch and pea plants, indicating limitation for thiamine. Pea plants infected by RU2459 were not impaired in nodulation or nitrogen fixation. However, colonization of the pea rhizosphere by the thiM mutant was impaired relative to that of the wild type. Overall, the results show that a thiamine salvage pathway operates to enable growth of Rhizobium leguminosarum in the rhizosphere, allowing its survival when thiamine is limiting.

scholarly journals Trehalose Biosynthesis in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii and Its Role in Desiccation Tolerance

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 3984-3992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen J. McIntyre ◽  
Holiday Davies ◽  
Timothy A. Hore ◽  
Simon H. Miller ◽  
Jean-Pierre Dufour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Desiccation Stress ◽  
Nodule Occupancy ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Breakdown Rates ◽  
Gene Expression Studies ◽  
Trehalose Accumulation

ABSTRACT Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii forms nitrogen-fixing root nodules on the pasture legume Trifolium repens, and T. repens seed is often coated with a compatible R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain prior to sowing. However, significant losses in bacterial viability occur during the seed-coating process and during storage of the coated seeds, most likely due to desiccation stress. The disaccharide trehalose is known to function as an osmoprotectant, and trehalose accumulation due to de novo biosynthesis is a common response to desiccation stress in bacteria. In this study we investigated the role of endogenous trehalose synthesis in desiccation tolerance in R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain NZP561. Strain NZP561 accumulated trehalose as it entered the stationary phase due to the combined actions of the TreYZ and OtsAB pathways. Mutants deficient in either pathway showed near-wild-type levels of trehalose accumulation, but double otsA treY mutants failed to accumulate any trehalose. The double mutants were more sensitive to the effects of drying, and their survival was impaired compared to that of the wild type when glass beads were coated with the organisms and stored at relative humidities of 5 and 32%. The otsA treY mutants were also less competitive for nodule occupancy. Gene expression studies showed that the otsA and treY genes were expressed constitutively and that expression was not influenced by the growth phase, suggesting that trehalose accumulation is controlled at the posttranscriptional level or by control of trehalose breakdown rates. Our results indicate that accumulated trehalose plays an important role in protecting R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii cells against desiccation stress and against stress encountered during nodulation.

scholarly journals Effects of Salinity and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Interations on Morphology of 10 Varieties of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
O. J. Oyetunji ◽  
O. S. Oyetunji
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

Solanum lycopersicum L. (Tomato) is one of the plants commonly grown for its edible fruits all over the world. It is an important component of the average Nigerian meal. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of salinity and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi interactions on morphology of 10 varieties of Solanum lycopersicum L. Ten different varieties of tomato were exposed to three different treatments, salt and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi treatment, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi treatment and sterile soil treatment which served as the control. All data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (One way-ANOVA).The results of this study showed that effects of the interactions of salinity and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) differs across varieties of tomatoes with significant differences occurring in some varieties; low or no effect in others across other varieties when comparing growth parameters at p<0.05.Tomato plants grown in salt + arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi had the highest plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of flowers and highest fresh weight of fruits across most of the varieties compared to other treatments. However, tomatoes subjected to only AMF treatment had the least performance across all the varieties. Thus, from the results of this study, it could be concluded that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi has the potential to improve tomato plants tolerance to salinity.

Arabidopsis 4-COUMAROYL-COA LIGASE 8 contributes to the biosynthesis of the benzenoid ring of coenzyme Q in peroxisomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (22) ◽  
pp. 3521-3532
Author(s):  
Eric Soubeyrand ◽  
Megan Kelly ◽  
Shea A. Keene ◽  
Ann C. Bernert ◽  
Scott Latimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Coenzyme Q ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Fluorescent Reporters ◽  
Coa Ligase ◽  
Peroxisomal Targeting

Plants have evolved the ability to derive the benzenoid moiety of the respiratory cofactor and antioxidant, ubiquinone (coenzyme Q), either from the β-oxidative metabolism of p-coumarate or from the peroxidative cleavage of kaempferol. Here, isotopic feeding assays, gene co-expression analysis and reverse genetics identified Arabidopsis 4-COUMARATE-COA LIGASE 8 (4-CL8; At5g38120) as a contributor to the β-oxidation of p-coumarate for ubiquinone biosynthesis. The enzyme is part of the same clade (V) of acyl-activating enzymes than At4g19010, a p-coumarate CoA ligase known to play a central role in the conversion of p-coumarate into 4-hydroxybenzoate. A 4-cl8 T-DNA knockout displayed a 20% decrease in ubiquinone content compared with wild-type plants, while 4-CL8 overexpression boosted ubiquinone content up to 150% of the control level. Similarly, the isotopic enrichment of ubiquinone's ring was decreased by 28% in the 4-cl8 knockout as compared with wild-type controls when Phe-[Ring-13C6] was fed to the plants. This metabolic blockage could be bypassed via the exogenous supply of 4-hydroxybenzoate, the product of p-coumarate β-oxidation. Arabidopsis 4-CL8 displays a canonical peroxisomal targeting sequence type 1, and confocal microscopy experiments using fused fluorescent reporters demonstrated that this enzyme is imported into peroxisomes. Time course feeding assays using Phe-[Ring-13C6] in a series of Arabidopsis single and double knockouts blocked in the β-oxidative metabolism of p-coumarate (4-cl8; at4g19010; at4g19010 × 4-cl8), flavonol biosynthesis (flavanone-3-hydroxylase), or both (at4g19010 × flavanone-3-hydroxylase) indicated that continuous high light treatments (500 µE m−2 s−1; 24 h) markedly stimulated the de novo biosynthesis of ubiquinone independently of kaempferol catabolism.

Interaction of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Transformed by rapA1 Gene with Pseudomonas sp. 102 Bacteria Resistant to High Cadmium Concentrations as a Basis for Effective Symbiotic Phytoremediation System

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
L.R. Khakimova ◽  
A.M. Lavina ◽  
L.R. Karimova ◽  
V.V. Fedyaev ◽  
An.Kh. Baymiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Government

A Pseudomonas sp. 102 strain, which is highly resistant to toxic effects of cadmium and has plant growth-promoting activity, can significantly increase growth parameters and biomass of tomato plants, including those observed under toxic effects of cadmium. The greatest positive effect was observed in plants transformed with the bacterial adhesin gene rapA1, the product of which is important for colonization of plant roots by bacteria. It was also shown that shoots of transgenic tomato plants accumulated the greatest amount of cadmium during inoculation with Pseudomonas sp. 102. The ability to extract high concentrations of cadmium and accumulate a large biomass under stress opens up prospects for the further use of associative interactions between tomato and Pseudomonas for phytoremediation. phytoremediation, cadmium, tomato, Pseudomonas, inoculation, agglutinins, This study was carried out using the equipment of the Biomika Centre for Collective Use of the Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics (Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences) as part of the government task (project no. AAAA-A16-1160203500284). This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project nos. 18-34-20004 and 18-34-00033) and 18-344-0033 mol_a_ved and 34-00033 mol_a).

scholarly journals Activation of Local and Systemic Defence Responses by Flg22 Is Dependent on Daytime and Ethylene in Intact Tomato Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8354
Author(s):  
Zalán Czékus ◽  
András Kukri ◽  
Kamirán Áron Hamow ◽  
Gabriella Szalai ◽  
Irma Tari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Defence Responses

The first line of plant defence responses against pathogens can be induced by the bacterial flg22 and can be dependent on various external and internal factors. Here, we firstly studied the effects of daytime and ethylene (ET) using Never ripe (Nr) mutants in the local and systemic defence responses of intact tomato plants after flg22 treatments. Flg22 was applied in the afternoon and at night and rapid reactions were detected. The production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide was induced by flg22 locally, while superoxide was induced systemically, in wild type plants in the light period, but all remained lower at night and in Nr leaves. Flg22 elevated, locally, the ET, jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) levels in the light period; these levels did not change significantly at night. Expression of Pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1), Ethylene response factor 1 (ERF1) and Defensin (DEF) showed also daytime- and ET-dependent changes. Enhanced ERF1 and DEF expression and stomatal closure were also observable in systemic leaves of wild type plants in the light. These data demonstrate that early biotic signalling in flg22-treated leaves and distal ones is an ET-dependent process and it is also determined by the time of day and inhibited in the early night phase.

scholarly journals Effect of Co-Inoculation of Bacillus sp. Strain with Bacterial Endophytes on Plant Growth and Colonization in Tomato Plant (Solanum lycopersicum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-490
Author(s):  
Ahsanul Salehin ◽  
Ramesh Raj Puri ◽  
Md Hafizur Rahman Hafiz ◽  
Kazuhito Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
F 33

Colonization of a biofertilizer Bacillus sp. OYK strain, which was isolated from a soil, was compared with three rhizospheric and endophytic Bacillus sp. strains to evaluate the colonization potential of the Bacillus sp. strains with a different origin. Surface-sterilized seeds of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Chika) were sown in the sterilized vermiculite, and four Bacillus sp. strains were each inoculated onto the seed zone. After cultivation in a phytotron, plant growth parameters and populations of the inoculants in the root, shoot, and rhizosphere were determined. In addition, effects of co-inoculation and time interval inoculation of Bacillus sp. F-33 with the other endophytes were examined. All Bacillus sp. strains promoted plant growth except for Bacillus sp. RF-37, and populations of the rhizospheric and endophytic Bacillus sp. strains were 1.4–2.8 orders higher in the tomato plant than that of Bacillus sp. OYK. The plant growth promotion by Bacillus sp. F-33 was reduced by co-inoculation with the other endophytic strains: Klebsiella sp. Sal 1, Enterobacter sp. Sal 3, and Herbaspirillum sp. Sal 6., though the population of Bacillus sp. F-33 maintained or slightly decreased. When Klebsiella sp. Sal 1 was inoculated after Bacillus sp. F-33, the plant growth-promoting effects by Bacillus sp. F-33 were reduced without a reduction of its population, while when Bacillus sp. F-33 was inoculated after Klebsiella sp. Sal 1, the effects were increased in spite of the reduction of its population. Klebsiella sp. Sal 1 colonized dominantly under both conditions. The higher population of rhizospheric and endophytic Bacillus sp. in the plant suggests the importance of the origin of the strains for their colonization. The plant growth promotion and colonization potentials were independently affected by the co-existing microorganisms.

scholarly journals Rhizosphere-enriched microbes as a pool to design synthetic communities for reproducible beneficial outputs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Dimitra Tsolakidou ◽  
Ioannis A Stringlis ◽  
Natalia Fanega-Sleziak ◽  
Stella Papageorgiou ◽  
Antria Tsalakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Tomato Growth ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Abstract Composts represent a sustainable way to suppress diseases and improve plant growth. Identification of compost-derived microbial communities enriched in the rhizosphere of plants and characterization of their traits, could facilitate the design of microbial synthetic communities (SynComs) that upon soil inoculation could yield consistent beneficial effects towards plants. Here, we characterized a collection of compost-derived bacteria, previously isolated from tomato rhizosphere, for in vitro antifungal activity against soil-borne fungal pathogens and for their potential to change growth parameters in Arabidopsis. We further assessed root-competitive traits in the dominant rhizospheric genus Bacillus. Certain isolated rhizobacteria displayed antifungal activity against the tested pathogens and affected growth of Arabidopsis, and Bacilli members possessed several enzymatic activities. Subsequently, we designed two SynComs with different composition and tested their effect on Arabidopsis and tomato growth and health. SynCom1, consisting of different bacterial genera, displayed negative effect on Arabidopsis in vitro, but promoted tomato growth in pots. SynCom2, consisting of Bacilli, didn't affect Arabidopsis growth, enhanced tomato growth and suppressed Fusarium wilt symptoms. Overall, we found selection of compost-derived microbes with beneficial properties in the rhizosphere of tomato plants, and observed that application of SynComs on poor substrates can yield reproducible plant phenotypes.

scholarly journals Snf1 Is a Regulator of Lipid Accumulation in Yarrowia lipolytica

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (23) ◽  
pp. 7360-7370 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Seip ◽  
Raymond Jackson ◽  
Hongxian He ◽  
Quinn Zhu ◽  
Seung-Pyo Hong
Keyword(s):  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Oleaginous Yeast ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Dry Cell Weight

ABSTRACTIn the oleaginous yeastYarrowia lipolytica,de novolipid synthesis and accumulation are induced under conditions of nitrogen limitation (or a high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio). The regulatory pathway responsible for this induction has not been identified. Here we report that the SNF1 pathway plays a key role in the transition from the growth phase to the oleaginous phase inY. lipolytica. Strains with aY. lipolyticasnf1(Ylsnf1) deletion accumulated fatty acids constitutively at levels up to 2.6-fold higher than those of the wild type. When introduced into aY. lipolyticastrain engineered to produce omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA),Ylsnf1deletion led to a 52% increase in EPA titers (7.6% of dry cell weight) over the control. Other components of theY. lipolyticaSNF1 pathway were also identified, and their function in limiting fatty acid accumulation is suggested by gene deletion analyses. Deletion of the gene encoding YlSnf4, YlGal83, or YlSak1 significantly increased lipid accumulation in both growth and oleaginous phases compared to the wild type. Furthermore, microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses of theYlsnf1mutant identified significantly differentially expressed genes duringde novolipid synthesis and accumulation inY. lipolytica. Gene ontology analysis found that these genes were highly enriched with genes involved in lipid metabolism. This work presents a new role for Snf1/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways in lipid accumulation in this oleaginous yeast.

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