Influence of Manganese Ions on the Electrodeposition Process of Lead Dioxide in Lead Nitrate Solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 364-369
Author(s):  
Yingwu Yao ◽  
Chunjiao Huang ◽  
Haishu Dong ◽  
Feng Wei ◽  
Xin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Lead Dioxide ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Manganese Ions ◽  
Electrodeposition Process

scholarly journals SUBMICROSCOPIC ORGANIZATION OF THE POSTSYNAPTIC MEMBRANE IN THE MYONEURAL JUNCTION

1963 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertalan Csillik
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Postsynaptic Membrane ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Polarization Microscopy ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Supramaximal Stimulation ◽  
Subneural Apparatus ◽  
Good Agreement

Cross-striated muscles of frogs and rats were fixed in 3.3 per cent lead nitrate solution. Frozen sections 30 micra thick were mounted in different media and observed by polarization microscopy. The subneural apparatus of myoneural junctions exhibits a strong birefringence in these sections. Birefringence is exerted by a highly organized lipoprotein framework (postsynaptic material) which builds up the "organites" (junctional folds) of the postsynaptic membrane. Synaptic cholinesterase is closely associated with this material. Freezing and/or formalin fixation results in a destruction of the molecular organization of the postsynaptic material, but does not influence the synaptic enzyme activity. It is hypothesized from this study that the junctional folds (postsynaptic "organites") consist of regularly arranged, sheet-like lamellar micellae in the frog and of less regular, mainly radially arranged submicroscopic units in the rat. The micellar organization as revealed by polarization analysis is in good agreement with the electron microscopic findings reported in the literature. Intramicellar protein molecules of the resting postsynaptic membrane are arranged longitudinally, lipids transversely. Supramaximal stimulation or treatment with acetylcholine + eserine results in a disorganization of proteins and a rearrangement of lipids. Denervation results in a rearrangement of lipids without any significant alterations of proteins. All these functional stresses influence only the molecular and not the micellar structure of the membrane. The function of the organized lipoprotein framework as an acetylcholine receptor is suggested.

Preparation and Characterization of PbO2 on Aluminum Substrate

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bu Ming Chen ◽  
Zhong Cheng Guo ◽  
Hui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Phase Structure ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Electrodeposition Process ◽  
Structure And Property ◽  
Acidic Solutions ◽  
Beta Form ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

The PbO2 film electrodes have been prepared by different electrodeposition process onto aluminum substrate.The electrochemical activity of the electrode for oxygen evolution reaction in 50g•L-1Zn2++150g•L-1H2SO4 solutions have been studied. The results show that the best activity of the electrodes obtained A1/conductive coating was electrodepositing PbO2 in alkaline lead solutions firstly, then plating PbO2 in acidic lead nitrate solutions. This can be attributed to the conductivity of the substrate, the crystal phase structure and property of PbO2. SEM-EDX analysis shows the beta-form, deposited from acidic solutions of Pb(II), has a distorted rutite structure, and the alpha-form, deposited from alkaline solutions, has the spherical cell. The high non- stoichiometry of PbO2 was obtained in alkaline lead solutions.

Influence of ZrO2 particles on fluorine-doped lead dioxide electrodeposition process from nitrate bath

2013 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingwu Yao ◽  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Chunmei Zhao ◽  
Qiming Jing ◽  
Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lead Dioxide ◽  
Electrodeposition Process ◽  
Nitrate Bath

scholarly journals ADSORTION ISOTHERM OF LEAD ON CALCIUM CARBONATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Hassoon & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Mathematical Description ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Langmuir Equation ◽  
Bonding Energy ◽  
Lead Adsorption ◽  
Single Batch

This study investigate the effect of concentration of lead ions (Pb2+) at 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10,20,30, 40,50 and 100 mg L-1, concentrations of the quantity of the adsorbed Pb on surface of calcium carbonate at a temperature of 298° Kelvin with all other variables remained constant, was carried out and this experiment was conducted in a single batch and using lead nitrate solution . The results showed that quantity of the adsorbed lead increased from 2.6 to 1924 mg kg-1 Calcium carbonate, and when single and two surface  Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin and Polani equations were applied, they were able to describe lead adsorption on the surface of calcium carbonate at the used concentrations. The two surface Langmuir equation was  most efficient in used mathematical description of  lead adsorption, and the bonding energy (K) with the first and second surfaces were  4.02 and 1613.42 L mg-1 respectively. The adsorption capacity (Xm) values with the first and second surfaces were 0.25 and 0.89 mg    kg -1 respectively , and this clearly indicated to high capacity of the second surface (carbonate surface) to adsorb lead.

scholarly journals ELECTRODEPOSITION OF COPPER IN ULTRASONIC FIELD FROM SPENT ETCHING SOLUTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Maria P. Larionova ◽  
Nina D. Solovieva ◽  
Elena A. Savelieva
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Ultrasonic Field ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Copper Extraction ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Copper Electrodeposition ◽  
Electrodeposition Process ◽  
Nitric Acid Solutions

It is studied the regeneration and utilization possibility of spent nitric acid solutions for copper and its alloys etching for the creating an environmentally clean closed-cycle production of regenerated electrolytes. It is established that some difficulties arise when using the electrochemical method in the regeneration process of these solutions: during copper electrodeposition from spent copper-containing nitric acid solutions, nitric acid decomposes with vigorous evolution of nitrogen dioxide, which prevents copper ions reduction. In order to suppress the side process, it was proposed to partially neutralize the solution, not reaching the pH of copper hydration (pH 4-5). It is revealed that a decrease in the concentration of metal cations occurs due to partial neutralization of the nitric acid contained in the solution by concentrated alkali solution. The pulsed electrolysis mode was used to increase the efficiency of the metal ions electrodeposition process from dilute solutions. It is established that the using of pulsed electrolysis can reduce diffusion difficulties that arise in a dilute spent nitric acid copper-containing solution, thereby intensify the process of copper electrodeposition. It is showed that the prospects of using ultrasound to increase the rate of the copper electrodeposition process and improve the quality of the resulting coating. It is studied the ultrasound field effect on nucleation during copper electrodeposition in a pulsed mode from a partially neutralized electrolyte simulating the spent nitrate solution of etching copper alloys on various materials by the potentiostatic. It is established an increase in the number of copper nucleus that form on the studied substrates (graphite, copper, steel) at the initial time under the action of an ultrasonic field. It is concluded that the use of ultrasound allows to intensify the process of metal electrodeposition. An increase in current efficiency during copper electrodeposition and an increase in the copper extraction degree using ultrasonic field are achieved at lower cathodic current densities in a pulse. It is substantiated using of graphite foil and steel as cathode materials in the copper extraction from the spent nitric acid etching solution.

Lead Hydroxide Nanowires Obtained from Lead Nitrate Solution by Adding Chloride Ions

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 719-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Cheng ◽  
Xiao Ping Zou ◽  
Xiang Min Meng ◽  
Gang Qiang Yang ◽  
Xue Ming Lü ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Solution Phase ◽  
Controlled Experiments ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Nitrate Precursor ◽  
Lead Hydroxide ◽  
Phase Chemical

The synthesis of lead hydroxide nanowires by solution-phase chemical reactions of lead nitrate with alkali by adding sodium chloride was reported. The obtained lead hydroxide nanowires have a length of a few micrometers and a diameter of about several tens of nanometers. The selected-area electron diffraction reveals that these lead hydroxide nanowires are single crystalline. Controlled experiments indicate that lead hydroxide nanowires prefer to form at higher concentration of chloride ions in lead nitrate precursor solutions, such as Cl- : Pb2+ = 5:1 and 6:1.

Lead Oxide Plate Precipitates from Lead Nitrate Solution

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 1243-1246
Author(s):  
Gang Qiang Yang ◽  
Xiao Ping Zou ◽  
Xiang Min Meng ◽  
Jin Cheng ◽  
Xue Ming Lü ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Lead Oxide ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Chloride Anion ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Lead Monoxide ◽  
Reaction Solution ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

In this paper, a simple and controllable method to fabricate - and -PbO is reported. Lead nitrate as precursor was dissolved in 50ml distilled water, and was heated to 80oC. Sodium chloride was added into the lead nitrate aqueous solution. During the process, -PbO deposition will be obtained when we add lead nitrate solutions with KOH pellets without chloride anion. When we add lead nitrate solutions with KOH pellets with a little chloride anion, there will produce -PbO deposition. Our results indicate that the concentration of chloride anion and temperature of reaction solution affects the crystal morphologies and modifications of lead monoxide plate precipitates from lead nitrate solution and we can selectively and controllably produce - or -PbO by this way.

scholarly journals Toxic effect of lead on the fingerlings of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Sabitha Palazhy ◽  
Joseph Kalathiparambil Thomas ◽  
Shibu Sivadasan
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Cirrhinus Mrigala ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

Pollution of water bodies caused by heavy metals such as lead is a major problem affecting aquatic fauna. The effect of lead on the fingerlings of fishes has not been widely investigated. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of heavy metal lead on the fingerlings of the freshwater fish, Cirrhinus mrigala. Different concentrations of lead nitrate solutions, viz., 1 ppm, 10 ppm, 40 ppm, 100 ppm, 120 ppm, 160 ppm, 200 ppm, 240 ppm, 300 ppm, 400 ppm and 500 ppm were prepared. Ten fingerlings were introduced into each concentration. The mortality rate and the time of survival of fingerlings in the lead nitrate solution during next 96 hours were recorded. The mortality rate increased to a sudden plateau from 100 ppm to 200 ppm (from 10% to 100%) and total mortality was attained at 200 ppm. LC50 for the fingerlings was found to be 160 ppm. There was almost instantaneous mortality – absolute intolerance – of the fingerlings at 500 ppm. Our study results show that the fingerlings of Cirrhinus mrigala can survive the toxic effect of lead nitrate up to 40 ppm, without physiological stress.

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