Lead Oxide Plate Precipitates from Lead Nitrate Solution

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 1243-1246
Author(s):  
Gang Qiang Yang ◽  
Xiao Ping Zou ◽  
Xiang Min Meng ◽  
Jin Cheng ◽  
Xue Ming Lü ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Lead Oxide ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Chloride Anion ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Lead Monoxide ◽  
Reaction Solution ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

In this paper, a simple and controllable method to fabricate - and -PbO is reported. Lead nitrate as precursor was dissolved in 50ml distilled water, and was heated to 80oC. Sodium chloride was added into the lead nitrate aqueous solution. During the process, -PbO deposition will be obtained when we add lead nitrate solutions with KOH pellets without chloride anion. When we add lead nitrate solutions with KOH pellets with a little chloride anion, there will produce -PbO deposition. Our results indicate that the concentration of chloride anion and temperature of reaction solution affects the crystal morphologies and modifications of lead monoxide plate precipitates from lead nitrate solution and we can selectively and controllably produce - or -PbO by this way.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity on Evaporation and the Water Cycle

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jude Iloabuchi Obianyo
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Magnesium Sulphate ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

This study is on the effect of salinity on evaporation from water bodies and probable influence on the water cycle. Five different salts were used in this study, different concentrations of Magnesium Sulphate, Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Chloride, Ammonium Chloride and Potassium Nitrate solutions in the neighbourhood of 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.20 and 0.24 g/cm3 were prepared by dissolving 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 g weights of these salts in 500 cm3 of distilled water. The first evaporation can contained only 500 cm3 of distilled water and served as the control experiment. The solutions were introduced in evaporation cans each of capacity 700 cm3, stored under room temperature and evaporation allowed to take place. Evaporation from the cans were measured at 24 hours intervals for a period of 14 days. Results showed that in all salts, as salinity increases, evaporation is reduced. On the 10th day, evaporation retardation factors for Magnesium Sulphate, Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Chloride, Ammonium Chloride and Potassium Nitrate were found to be 0.800, 0.490, 0.712, 0.820 and 0.822 respectively. Ratios of evaporation retardation factors were 1:1.6327 for Sodium hydroxide : Magnesium Sulphate; 1:1.4531 for  Sodium Hydroxide : Sodium Chloride; 1:1.6735 for  Sodium Hydroxide : Magnesium Sulphate; 1:1.4531 for Sodium Hydroxide: Sodium Chloride; 1:1.6327 for Sodium Hydroxide : Ammonium Chloride and 1:1.6776 for Sodium Hydroxide : Potassium Nitrate solutions. Highest evaporation took place in Potassium Nitrate solution at the ultimate concentration of 0.24 g/cm3, this was followed by Ammonium Chloride, Magnesium Sulphate, Sodium Chloride and Sodium Hydroxide. These salinity effects will impact on the outflow parameter in the water cycle with consequent reduction in evaporation which reduces precipitation, hence the formation of rain in the cloud would be inhibited and ultimately lead to climate change.

Lead Hydroxide Nanowires Obtained from Lead Nitrate Solution by Adding Chloride Ions

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 719-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Cheng ◽  
Xiao Ping Zou ◽  
Xiang Min Meng ◽  
Gang Qiang Yang ◽  
Xue Ming Lü ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Solution Phase ◽  
Controlled Experiments ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Nitrate Precursor ◽  
Lead Hydroxide ◽  
Phase Chemical

The synthesis of lead hydroxide nanowires by solution-phase chemical reactions of lead nitrate with alkali by adding sodium chloride was reported. The obtained lead hydroxide nanowires have a length of a few micrometers and a diameter of about several tens of nanometers. The selected-area electron diffraction reveals that these lead hydroxide nanowires are single crystalline. Controlled experiments indicate that lead hydroxide nanowires prefer to form at higher concentration of chloride ions in lead nitrate precursor solutions, such as Cl- : Pb2+ = 5:1 and 6:1.

scholarly journals Toxic effect of lead on the fingerlings of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Sabitha Palazhy ◽  
Joseph Kalathiparambil Thomas ◽  
Shibu Sivadasan
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Cirrhinus Mrigala ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

Pollution of water bodies caused by heavy metals such as lead is a major problem affecting aquatic fauna. The effect of lead on the fingerlings of fishes has not been widely investigated. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of heavy metal lead on the fingerlings of the freshwater fish, Cirrhinus mrigala. Different concentrations of lead nitrate solutions, viz., 1 ppm, 10 ppm, 40 ppm, 100 ppm, 120 ppm, 160 ppm, 200 ppm, 240 ppm, 300 ppm, 400 ppm and 500 ppm were prepared. Ten fingerlings were introduced into each concentration. The mortality rate and the time of survival of fingerlings in the lead nitrate solution during next 96 hours were recorded. The mortality rate increased to a sudden plateau from 100 ppm to 200 ppm (from 10% to 100%) and total mortality was attained at 200 ppm. LC50 for the fingerlings was found to be 160 ppm. There was almost instantaneous mortality – absolute intolerance – of the fingerlings at 500 ppm. Our study results show that the fingerlings of Cirrhinus mrigala can survive the toxic effect of lead nitrate up to 40 ppm, without physiological stress.

β-PbO Plate Films Deposited on Cathode by Electrochemical Deposition

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 1279-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Ming Lü ◽  
Xiao Ping Zou ◽  
Jin Cheng ◽  
Peng Fei Ren ◽  
Xiang Min Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Electrochemical Deposition ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Lead Oxide ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Stainless Steel Plate ◽  
Graphite Plate ◽  
Optimal Current ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystals

In this paper, we developed a simple and effective method to fabricate lead oxide plate films by electrochemical deposition. The electrolyte was lead nitrate aqueous solution with or without Cl- ions. Stainless steel plate was employed as both cathode and substrate, and a graphite plate as anode. We found the optimal current density of synthesizing lead oxide plate films is 10-25mA/cm2 when there were no Cl- ions in the electrolyte. If equal Cl- ions were added in lead nitrate aqueous solution, the optimal current density of synthesizing lead oxide plate films is less than 10mA/cm2. The as-prepared lead oxide plate films have orthorhombic crystals structure.

Effects of concentration of chloride anion on the morphology and microstructure of precipitates from lead nitrate solutions

CrystEngComm ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Cheng ◽  
Xiaoping Zou ◽  
Weili Song ◽  
Xiangmin Meng ◽  
Yi Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Chloride Anion ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

Batch Precipitation of Lead Iodide

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1301-1304
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Nývlt ◽  
Stanislav Žáček
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean

Lead iodide was precipitated by a procedure in which an aqueous solution of potassium iodide at a concentration of 0.03, 0.10 or 0.20 mol l-1 was stirred while an aqueous solution of lead nitrate at one-half concentration was added at a constant rate. The mean size of the PbI2 crystals was determined by evaluating the particle size distribution, which was measured sedimentometrically. The dependence of the mean crystal size on the duration of the experiment exhibited a minimum for any of the concentrations applied. The reason for this is discussed.

DETERMINATION OF TRACE AMOUNTS OF SILVER IN GALENA ORES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1488-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Bounsall ◽  
W. A. E. McBryde
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Silver Content ◽  
Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Aqueous Sodium

An analytical method is described for the determination of microgram amounts of silver in galena ores, based on the "reversion" of silver dithizonate. Silver is separated from relatively large amounts of lead by extraction as dithizonate into chloroform from an aqueous 1:99 nitric acid solution. Separation from mercury, which is also extracted under these conditions and would, if present, interfere in the analysis, is achieved by reverting the dithizonate solution with a 5% aqueous sodium chloride solution which is also 0.015 molar in hydrochloric acid. Following dilution of this aqueous solution and adjustment of pH, silver is again extracted into chloroform as the dithizonate, and determined absorptiometrically. Analyses of a number of galena ore samples showed a precision of within 3% for a silver content ranging from 0.03 to 0.4%.Some other methods for isolating silver from these samples, which were tried but found unsatisfactory, are discussed.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF INTRABRONCHIAL INSUFFLATION OF SOLUTIONS OF SOME INORGANIC SALTS

1918 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Wollstein ◽  
S. J. Meltzer
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Pulmonary Lesions ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Magnesium Salts ◽  
Inflammatory Character

Intrabronchial injections of isotonic as well as of hypotonic solutions of sodium chloride or even of distilled water cause no pulmonary lesions. Intrabronchial injections of mercuric chloride even in a dilution of 1:10,000 cause a marked pulmonary lesion. The lesion is not of an inflammatory character; it consists of congestion, formation of thrombi, and hemorrhage. Intrabronchial injections of hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride as well as of sodium sulfate cause, in most instances, no lesions whatsoever. In a smaller number of cases in which moderate lesions were present they may have been due either to a previous infection (distemper) or to some predisposing cause (winter months). Intrabronchial injection of magnesium salts apparently tends to cause moderate pulmonary lesions (bronchopneumonia). This seems especially true of magnesium sulfate.

scholarly journals Clarification of superficial waters of the magdalena river using seeds of Tamarindus indica as bio-coagulants

Respuestas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Saúl David Buelvas-Caro ◽  
Yelitza del Rosario Aguas-Mendoza ◽  
Rafael Enrique Olivero-Verbel
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
Magdalena River

Biocoagulants have emerged as an environmentally friendly and efficient alternative to surface water clarification, allowing the use of agro-industrial waste as a bioavailable source for the treatment of high turbidity water. The objective of this research was to compare the efficiency in the surface water coagulation process of the Magdalena river using aluminum sulfate and tamarind seeds (Tamarindus indica) dissolved in aqueous solution and saline solution. The clarification process was carried out by testing jar, for this was performed an extraction of the hot and cold tamarind coagulant which were evaluated in conjunction with an inorganic coagulant in different mother dilutions (distilled water and saline) at concentrations of 35 and 40 mg/L and at a stirring speed of 100 and 200 rpm. The parameters of pH, electrical conductivity (S/cm), turbidity (NTU) and color (UPC) were measured during the clarification process. The results show a 97.2% reduction in inorganic treatment (SAL) compared to initial turbidity and a decrease in natural cold extracted (STF) and hot (STC) treatments of 58.2% and 39.1% respectively, when diluted in aqueous solution. While diluting in saline solution there was a greater removal of turbidity when applying aluminum sulfate, followed by STF and STC treatment, with removal values of 99%, 75% and 53% respectively. The highest coagulating activity occurred when applying a dose of 40mg/L and when diluting treatments in NaCl with maximum reported values for SAL, STF and STC treatment of 93%, 85% and 59%. Tamarind seeds proved to be an efficient coagulant for water clarification

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