Interaction of Resistance Training, Electroacupuncture and Huang Qi supplementation on skeletal muscle function and GLUT4 protein concentration in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukho Lee ◽  
Kijeong Kim ◽  
Nathalie J Lambrecht ◽  
Junyoung Hong ◽  
Yi-Hung Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Flexor Hallucis Longus ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Insulin Signalling Pathway

Objective To determine the effects and potential synergy of resistance training (RT), Huang Qi (HQ) herbal supplementation, and electroacupuncture (EA) on skeletal muscle mass, contractile properties, and components of the insulin signalling pathway in healthy Sprague Dawley rats. Methods Female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of five groups (n=8 each): control (CON), RT only, RT with EA (RT-EA), RT with HQ (RT-HQ), and RT combined with both EA and HQ (RT-EA-HQ). RT was performed using ladder climbing every other day for 8 weeks. Sparse-wave EA was applied for 15 min/day, 3 times/week for 8 weeks. HQ supplementation was provided via oral gavage daily for 8 weeks. Results RT significantly increased the muscle mass of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) compared to CON. The isometric twitch and tetanic tension of the FHL in the RT-EA, RT-HQ, and RT-EA-HQ groups were significantly higher compared to CON and RT groups. RT-EA treatment (with or without HQ) significantly increased GLUT4 protein concentration but had no impact on Akt-2. Conclusions EA appears to be an effective treatment modality for increasing muscle mass and function when combined with RT. RT-EA may also be an effective method for improving glucose tolerance as a result of increases in GLUT4 protein concentration.

Acute effects of hydrogen peroxide on skeletal muscle microvascular oxygenation from rest to contractions

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1290-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Hirai ◽  
Steven W. Copp ◽  
Peter J. Schwagerl ◽  
Timothy I. Musch ◽  
David C. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Mean Response Time ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Muscle Force Production ◽  
Microvascular Oxygenation

Reactive oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), exert a critical regulatory role on skeletal muscle function. Whether acute increases in H2O2 modulate muscle microvascular O2 delivery-utilization (Q̇o2/V̇o2) matching [i.e., microvascular partial pressure of O2 (PmvO2)] at rest and following the onset of contractions is unknown. The hypothesis was tested that H2O2 treatment (exogenous H2O2) would enhance PmvO2 and slow PmvO2 kinetics during contractions compared with control. Anesthetized, healthy young Sprague-Dawley rats had their spinotrapezius muscles either exposed for measurement of blood flow (and therefore Q̇o2), V̇o2, and PmvO2, or exteriorized for measurement of force production. Electrically stimulated twitch contractions (1 Hz, ∼7 V, 2-ms pulse duration, 3 min) were evoked following acute superfusion with Krebs-Henseleit (control) and H2O2 (100 μM). Relative to control, H2O2 treatment elicited disproportionate increases in Q̇o2 and V̇o2 that elevated PmvO2 at rest and throughout contractions and slowed overall PmvO2 kinetics (i.e., ∼85% slower mean response time; P < 0.05). Accordingly, H2O2 resulted in ∼33% greater overall PmvO2, as assessed by the area under the PmvO2 curve ( P < 0.05). Muscle force production was not altered with H2O2 treatment ( P > 0.05), evidencing reduced economy during contractions (∼40% decrease in the force/V̇o2 relationship; P < 0.05). These findings indicate that, although increasing the driving force for blood-myocyte O2 flux (i.e., PmvO2), transient elevations in H2O2 impair skeletal muscle function (i.e., reduced economy during contractions), which mechanistically may underlie, in part, the reduced exercise tolerance in conditions associated with oxidative stress.

scholarly journals REDD2 expression in rat skeletal muscle correlates with nutrient-induced activation of mTORC1: responses to aging, immobilization, and remobilization

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (2) ◽  
pp. E122-E129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Kelleher ◽  
Suzette L. Pereira ◽  
Leonard S. Jefferson ◽  
Scot R. Kimball
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Mtorc1 Signaling ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Old Rats

In a previous study (Kelleher AR, Kimball SR, Dennis MD, Schilder RJ, and Jefferson LS. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 304: E229–236, 2013.), we observed a rapid (i.e., 1–3 days) immobilization-induced repression of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in hindlimb skeletal muscle of young (2-mo-old) rats that was associated with elevated expression of regulated in development and DNA-damage response (REDD) 1 and REDD2. The present study extends that observation to include an assessment of those parameters in soleus muscle of the immobilized hindlimb of various-aged rats as well as in response to remobilization. Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 2, 9, and 18 mo were subjected to unilateral hindlimb immobilization for 7 days, whereas one group of the 9-mo-old animals underwent 7 days of remobilization. Soleus muscle mass-to-body mass ratio declined with age, with the loss of muscle mass following hindlimb immobilization being inversely proportional to age. Compared with 2-mo-old rats, the older rats exhibited reduced mTORC1 signaling in the nonimmobilized limb in association with elevated REDD2, but not REDD1, mRNA expression. In the 2-mo-old rats, 7 days of hindlimb immobilization attenuated mTORC1 signaling and induced REDD2, but not REDD1, mRNA expression. In contrast, hindlimb immobilization did not further attenuate the age-related reduction in mTORC1 signaling nor further enhance the age-related induction of REDD2 mRNA expression in 9- and 18-mo-old rats. Across ages, REDD1 mRNA was not impacted by immobilization. Finally, remobilization elevated mTORC1 signaling and lowered REDD2 mRNA expression, with no impact on REDD1 gene expression. In conclusion, changes in mTORC1 signaling associated with aging, immobilization, and remobilization were inversely proportional to alterations in REDD2 mRNA expression.

Adrenalectomy eliminates both fiber-type differences and starvation effects on denervated muscle

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (6) ◽  
pp. E850-E856 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Almon ◽  
D. C. Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Denervated Muscle ◽  
Adrenalectomized Animal ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Starvation Effects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Denervated Muscles

This report describes changes in muscle mass of innervated and denervated pairs of muscles taken from intact and adrenalectomized 250-g male Sprague-Dawley rats provided with different diets. Diets ranged from a nutritionally complete liquid diet to starvation (water only). In the intact animals, muscles with a more tonic character (soleus) are less sensitive to starvation than are muscles with a more phasic character (extensor digitorum longus), whereas the opposite is true of denervation. In the intact animals, starvation greatly increased the amount of atrophy following denervation. In the adrenalectomized animals, starvation had no effect on the amounts of atrophy following denervation. Furthermore, adrenalectomy virtually eliminated the fiber-type differences in the amount of atrophy following denervation. In addition, a comparison between denervated muscles from intact animals and adrenalectomized animals subjected to starvation demonstrates that all denervated muscles from the adrenalectomized animals atrophy less. Finally, it was observed that although an adrenalectomized animal can tolerate 6 days of starvation, an adrenalectomized-castrated animal cannot tolerate even short periods of starvation. The difference appears to be due to low amounts of corticosterone of testicular origin.

Changes in rat mesentery interstitial matrix due to superfusate

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (3) ◽  
pp. H852-H856 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Barber ◽  
R. A. Babbitt ◽  
S. Dutta ◽  
S. Parameswaran
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Protein Transport ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Rat Mesentery ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Animal preparations for microscopy often require a superfusate solution to cover surgically exposed tissue. There are few, if any, data concerning the effects of this solution on extravascular protein concentration and hydration. The effect of superfusion on mesenteric tissue in anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats was studied. Tissue samples were taken from nonsuperfused and superfused tissue and analyzed for hydration, albumin, and transferrin content. The mesenteric tissue interstitial matrix was rapidly altered by normal saline superfusate. After superfusion, there was a decrease (P < 0.01) in tissue albumin concentration from 1.17 +/- 0.27 to 0.10 +/- 0.08 g/dl (n = 9). Tissue hydration increased from 4.98 +/- 0.8 micrograms water/microgram dry wt in controls to 7.38 +/- 1.2 micrograms water/micrograms dry wt after superfusion. When a range of superfusate albumin concentrations was used (0, 1, 2, and 3 g/dl), tissue albumin concentration changed 0.59 +/- 0.09 g/dl for each gram per deciliter change in superfusate concentration (P < 0.0001). The large changes in interstitial matrix protein content and hydration suggest that superfusate solution effects need to be considered in microvascular protein transport experiments.

Effect of food restriction on the insulin signalling pathway in rat skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 602-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Alonso ◽  
Yolanda Fernández ◽  
Rebeca Fernández ◽  
Patricia Ordóñez ◽  
María Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Signalling Pathway ◽  
Effect Of Food

The Effects of Aging and Training on Skeletal Muscle

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald T. Kirkendall ◽  
William E. Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Type I ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
General Slowing

Aging results in a gradual loss of muscle function, and there are predictable age-related alterations in skeletal muscle function. The typical adult will lose muscle mass with age; the loss varies according to sex and the level of muscle activity. At the cellular level, muscles loose both cross-sectional area and fiber numbers, with type II muscle fibers being the most affected by aging. Some denervation of fibers may occur. The combination of these factors leads to an increased percentage of type I fibers in older adults. Metabolically, the glycolytic enzymes seem to be little affected by aging, but the aerobic enzymes appear to decline with age. Aged skeletal muscle produces less force and there is a general “slowing” of the mechanical characteristics of muscle. However, neither reduced muscle demand nor the subsequent loss of function is inevitable with aging. These losses can be minimized or even reversed with training. Endurance training can improve the aerobic capacity of muscle, and resistance training can improve central nervous system recruitment of muscle and increase muscle mass. Therefore, physical activity throughout life is encouraged to prevent much of the age-related impact on skeletal muscle.

Effect of low-potassium diet on rat exercise hyperthermia and heatstroke mortality

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Hubbard ◽  
M. Mager ◽  
W. D. Bowers ◽  
I. Leav ◽  
G. Angoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Heat Illness ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Heat Gain ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Low Potassium ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Low K

A total of 182 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250–300 g were fed either a control (n = 122) diet for 32 days. The diets contained either 125 or 8 meq potassium/kg, respectively. Rats fed the low-K diet gained weight at only one-third the rate of controls (1.7 vs. 5.2 g/day), and their skeletal muscle and plasma potassium levels were reduced by 28 and 47%, respectively. When run to exhaustion at either 15 or 20 degrees C, low K+-fed rats accomplished less than one-half of the work done by the controls (26 vs. 53 kg. m) but exhibited a markedly greater rate of heat gain per kilogram-meter of work than controls (0.12 vs. 0.05 degrees C)ambient temperature of 20 degrees C, the rats of the low-K+ group despite large differences in body weight (-25%), run time temperature and twice (33 vs 17%) the mortality rate of the controls. Postexercise increases in circulating potassium (less than 90%) of heat-injured rats raised the plasma levels of low K+-fed rats to normal (5.9 +/- 2.2 meq/l). These results appear to characterize the existence of an insidious and, therefore, undocumented form of fatal exertion-induced heat illness.

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