scholarly journals Fifteen-minute consultation: A general paediatrician’s guide to oncological abdominal masses

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Lena Uzunova ◽  
Helen Bailie ◽  
Matthew J Murray
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Abdominal Masses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Associated Symptoms ◽  
General Paediatrician ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Oncology Centre ◽  
Structured Approach

The identification of an abdominal mass in a child, either coincidental or symptomatic, may be due to a tumour. An abdominal tumour may present with life-threatening symptoms, requiring prompt assessment and management. Although the discovery of such a finding usually warrants inpatient transfer or outpatient referral to the tertiary oncology centre, the initial evaluation, management and communication with the family by the general paediatrician is crucial. A thorough history and examination, which includes an organised, structured approach to abdominal masses, is paramount. The anatomical location of the mass, age of the patient and the presence of any associated symptoms or signs must be considered together in order to formulate a list of potential differential diagnoses and guide the next appropriate investigations. This article aims to guide general paediatricians through the assessment and initial management of a child presenting with an abdominal mass suspected to be a tumour.

scholarly journals Fifteen-minute consultation: Initial management of suspected acute leukaemia by non-specialists

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Sam Behjati ◽  
Amy Ruffle ◽  
Anne Kelly ◽  
Emmy Dickens
Keyword(s):  
Acute Leukaemia ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Tumour Lysis ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Treatment Centre ◽  
General Paediatrician ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
New Diagnosis

Leukaemia is the most common cancer of childhood. Most children with a new diagnosis of leukaemia are clinically stable at initial presentation. However, there are a number of life-threatening complications that have to be considered and monitored for. These complications include sepsis, tumour lysis syndrome, mediastinal masses, bleeding and pain. The aim of this article is to equip the general paediatrician with a framework for managing children with suspected leukaemia, prior to transfer to the primary treatment centre. The presentation, diagnosis and definitive treatment of acute leukaemia is not in the remit of this article.

Fifteen-minute consultation: a structured approach to the child with primary amenorrhea

2020 ◽  
pp. edpract-2019-317999
Author(s):  
Rachel Varughese ◽  
Fiona Ryan ◽  
Tafadzwa Makaya
Keyword(s):  
Young Person ◽  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Timely Diagnosis ◽  
Medical Terms ◽  
The Family ◽  
General Paediatrician ◽  
Structured Approach

Puberty is a life-changing time in the life of a young person, with physical, psychological and social considerations. Amenorrhea is derived from Latin: a—‘not’, men—‘month’ and rhein—‘flow’, meaning absence of monthly flow. In medical terms, it is a symptom describing absence of menstruation. It can be classified as either primary or secondary. This article will focus solely on primary amenorrhea. Primary amenorrhea can induce great anxiety in both the patient and the family and often presents to the general paediatrician. A thorough history and examination and judicious use of investigations is crucial to ensure timely diagnosis and management.

scholarly journals The Site of Origin of Canine Abdominal Masses Correlates with the Risk of Malignancy: Retrospective Study of 123 Cases

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 962
Author(s):  
Paola Valenti ◽  
Valeria Pellegrino ◽  
Luisa Vera Muscatello ◽  
Barbara Brunetti ◽  
Elisa Zambon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Abdominal Masses ◽  
The Masses

The detection of an abdominal mass represents a common finding in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to retrospectively describe the tissue distribution and diagnosis of abdominal masses amenable to surgical removal in a canine population. Dogs with abdominal masses with a minimum diameter of 3 cm were selected. Cases were classified, based on the anatomical location, as splenic, gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, genital, and masses not associated with any organ. Masses were surgically removed and formalin-fixed for the histological examination. Collected data were statistically analyzed. A total of 123 masses were collected from 122 dogs. Sixty-nine masses were classified as malignant neoplasia, 15 as benign, and 39 as non-neoplastic. The abdominal masses were 5.8-fold more likely to be malignant if located in the gastrointestinal tract (p = 0.01). A significant association between the size and the site of the masses was identified, the masses not associated with any organ being larger than the genital and splenic lesions (p = 0.008). This case series describes the most frequent location in association with the histopathological diagnosis of canine abdominal masses and suggests that the gastrointestinal location was related to a higher risk of representing a malignant neoplasm.

Is socioemotional wealth being influenced by the intentions to pursue succession on incumbent owners? Empirical research on Mexican family business

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Rafael Contreras-Lozano ◽  
Maria Virginia Flores-Ortiz ◽  
Ma. Del Carmen Alcalá-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Socioemotional Wealth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mexican Family ◽  
New Research ◽  
Structured Approach

PurposeThe authors identify the theoretical constructions measuring the intentions to pursue succession as well as the socioemotional wealth theoretical framework, and the authors propose an objective of testing the relationships existing between them so as their importance giving evidence of their relevance.Design/methodology/approachIt is a research with a positivist philosophical position measuring in a quantitative way with a deductive and structured approach applied to 98 CEO owners of Mexican companies, using nonparametric methodologies the authors simulated subsamples with structural equation modeling in SmartPLS 3.3.2, the metrics on the model are described as a functionalist paradigm.FindingsDirectors' attitudes paired up with the intentions of succession are significantly related to the socioemotional aspect of the family business; although the theory proposes three aspects to measure these intentions, the social norm in this research has not been strong enough to be a predictor as an influence on the company's socioemotional wealth.Originality/valueThe authors found this a valuable paper for the complement of theory focused on purely manifesting aspects in family companies, because they identified theoretical and empirical relationships opening up guidelines for new research in socioemotional aspects in accordance with the entrepreneurs attitudes to achieve succession, the differentiation lies in measuring psychological aspects of the director's behavior toward succession and not to the succession per se as done in most research; also, the methodology of data analysis facilitates the reader to easily recognize the relationships between the proposed theoretical constructions, showing the detailed metrics development by researchers in the family business field.

Painless spontaneous haemoperitoneum secondary to a uterine leiomyoma/fibroid: unusual presentation of a life-threatening differential

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e243465
Author(s):  
Chiamaka Maduanusi ◽  
Sathiyaa Balachandran ◽  
Sahathevan Sathiyathasan ◽  
Kazal Omar
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Leiomyoma ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Haemodynamic Instability ◽  
Hypovolaemic Shock ◽  
Important Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Definitive Management

This is a case of a 47-year-old woman with a spontaneous haemoperitoneum secondary to uterine leiomyomas (fibroids), an important differential diagnosis in patients with uterine fibroids and hypovolaemic shock. Uterine fibroids are very common in women of reproductive age, yet little is taught about their potential to cause hypovolaemic shock. Although it is a rare complication, given the prevalence of fibroids, it is important to bear this life-threatening differential in mind to optimise the care for these women. Presentation typically involves abdominal pain, syncope, haemodynamic instability and an intra-abdominal mass. CT of the abdomen and pelvis can be helpful in identifying the source of the haemoperitoneum, but should not delay surgery, which is the definitive management.

scholarly journals Neonatal ovarian cyst complicating as subacute intestinal obstruction: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Goutam Chakraborty ◽  
Anwesa Chakraborty ◽  
Nidhi Sugandhi ◽  
Amit Jadhav ◽  
S. K. Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Follicular Cyst ◽  
Abdominal Masses ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Ovarian Lesion ◽  
Mri Diagnosis ◽  
Subacute Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Female Baby

Congenital Ovarian cysts are among the commonest intra-abdominal masses encountered in foetuses on antenatal screening, mostly during the third trimester of pregnancy. Though the etiology remains unknown, the most prevalent hypothesis holds maternal hormonal stimulation responsible for the pathology. Most are asymptomatic but potential complications can be life-threatening. A case of a 7 day old female baby was reported with normal antenatal scans and complaints of abdominal distension and vomiting since day 1 of life. Imaging included a Ultrasonographic diagnosis of suspected ovarian lesion and an MRI diagnosis of omental cyst. Due to progressive abdominal distension, authors proceeded with laparotomy. Left salpingo-oophorectomy was done as no ovarian tissue was salvageable. Post-operative period was uneventful. The histopathological picture was that of benign follicular cyst of ovary.

scholarly journals Organophosphorus Poisoning

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (172) ◽  
Author(s):  
Buddhi Prasad Paudyal
Keyword(s):  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Organophosphorus Poisoning ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of

Acute poisoning by organophosphorus (OP) compounds is a major global clinical problem, withthousands of deaths occurring every year. Most of these pesticide poisoning and subsequentdeaths occur in developing countries following a deliberate self ingestion of the poison. Metacid(Methyl parathion) and Nuvan (Dichlorovos) are commonly ingested OP pesticides; Dimethoate,Profenofos, and Chlorpyrifos are other less frequently ingested compounds in Nepal. The toxicityof these OP pesticides is due to the irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymeleading to accumulation of acetylcholine and subsequent over-activation of cholinergic receptorsin various parts of the body. Acutely, these patients present with cholinergic crisis; intermediatesyndrome and delayed polyneuropathy are other sequel of this form of poisoning. The diagnosisdepends on the history of exposure to these pesticides, characteristic manifestations of toxicityand improvements of the signs and symptoms after administration of atropine. The supportivetreatment of OP poisoning includes the same basic principles of management of any acutelypoisoned patient i.e., rapid initial management of airways, breathing, and circulation. Gastriclavage and activated charcoal are routinely used decontamination procedures, but their valuehas not been conclusively proven in this poisoning. Atropine is the mainstay of therapy, andcan reverse the life threatening features of this acute poisoning. However, there are no clearcut guidelines on the dose and duration of atropine therapy in OP poisoning. Cholinesterasereactivators, by regenerating AChE, can reverse both the nicotinic and muscarinic effects;however, this benefit has not been translated well in clinical trials. All these facts highlight thatthere are many unanswered questions and controversies in the management of OP poisoningand there is an urgent need for research on this aspect of this common and deadly poisoning.Key Words: poisoning, organophosphorus insecticides, decontamination, antidotes

scholarly journals Giant cystic malignant pheochromocytoma invading right hepatic lobe: report on two cases

2008 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Renato Pais Costa ◽  
Nivaldo Marques Cabral ◽  
Ademir Torres Abhrão ◽  
Ricardo Borges da Costa ◽  
Lilian Mary da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Right Hepatectomy ◽  
Hepatic Tumors ◽  
Hepatic Lobe ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Abdominal Masses ◽  
Retroperitoneal Sarcomas ◽  
The Right ◽  
Radiological Methods

CONTEXT: Cystic pheochromocytomas are uncommon neuroendocrine tumors that originate from the adrenal medulla. Differing from the more frequent solid pheochromocytomas, which produce catecholamines and present adrenergic syndrome, cystic pheochromocytomas may not produce these. Their symptoms are generally associated with an abdominal mass or even pain, particularly if the mass attains large dimensions. Similarly, radiological diagnosis may also be difficult. Right-side lesions may be confounded with cystic hepatic tumors or even retroperitoneal sarcomas with cystic areas, using radiological methods. Sometimes, there may be a preoperative diagnosis of malignancy. Invasion of organs in this region (i.e. liver or kidney), or even the presence of a large retroperitoneal mass (of uncertain origin) with which multiple organs are involved, may be indicative of malignant origin. CASE REPORT: Two cases of giant cystic pheochromocytoma that invaded the right hepatic lobe are described. These presented as abdominal masses. Both cases were malignant. They were treated by radical right nephrectomy plus right hepatectomy.

scholarly journals Multiple Mycotic Aneurysms of the Abdominal Aorta Illustrated on MDCT Scanner

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Nandan Dhar Dwivedi ◽  
Ananthakrishnan Srinivasan ◽  
Shivi Jain
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Mycotic Aneurysm ◽  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Rare Manifestation ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Mycotic Aneurysms ◽  
Mdct Scanner

Infective mycotic aneurysm of the aorta is a rare and life-threatening disease. A patient presenting with constitutional symptoms and pulsatile abdominal mass should raise a suspicion of mycotic aneurysm. Early detection of aortic mycotic lesions in such patients should play a key role in the treatment of aortic aneurysms. Multiple mycotic aneurysms of abdominal aorta in a young male are a rare manifestation of the disease. Multidetector computerized tomography (CT) is an essential tool in identifying the etiology, pathogenesis, protean manifestations of systemic tuberculosis, and ultimately deciding the course of treatment.

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