Randomised equivalency trial comparing 2.5% povidone-iodine eye drops and ophthalmic chloramphenicol for preventing neonatal conjunctivitis in a trachoma endemic area in southern Mexico

Neonatal conjunctivitis is a worldwide problem. Although global incidence is not known, incidents of 1-24% have been reported from various regions of the world especially those practicing home delivery without standard prophylaxis. This study was an in-vitro investigation on possible prophylaxis for ophthalmia neonatorum (ON) like potassium aluminum sulfate (KAlSO4)2 and povidone iodine (C6H9I2NO) in comparison to tetracycline. A five by three (5x3) factorial experiment in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this study. Factor A was the five-test bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp. while Factor B was the experimental variables or the substances to be tested such as alum, povidone iodine and tetracycline. Aluminum was diluted and subjected to purity test prior to bacteria assay. The zone of inhibition was measured using a caliper and results were recorded. Based on the in-vitro analysis, aluminum showed a positive response to the five tested bacteria as it yielded a comparative mean results of growth inhibition. Among the possible applications of the findings in the study could be the formulation of antiseptic eye drops with the use of alum or Povidone iodine to be used as prophylaxis to guard against neonatal conjunctivitis.

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Effectiveness of 0.66% Povidone-Iodine Eye Drops on Ocular Surface Flora before Cataract Surgery: A Nationwide Microbiological Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10102198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2198

Author(s):

Rosario Musumeci ◽

Pasquale Troiano ◽

Marianna Martinelli ◽

Matteo Piovella ◽

Claudio Carbonara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cataract Surgery ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Povidone Iodine ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Contralateral Eye

A multicenter, nonrandomized, prospective, controlled study was conducted to evaluate, as perioperative prophylactic treatment, the anti-infective effectiveness of 0.66% povidone-iodine eye drops (IODIM®) against the bacterial flora of the conjunctival surface of patients who undergo cataract surgery. Eye drops containing 0.66% povidone-iodine were applied to the eye undergoing cataract surgery; the untreated contralateral eye was used as control. One hundred and twenty patients set to receive unilateral cataract surgery were enrolled in 5 Italian Ophthalmology Centers and pretreated for three days with 0.66% povidone-iodine eye drops. The contralateral eye, used as control, was left untreated. Conjunctival swabs of both eyes were collected at the baseline visit and after three days of treatment, just before the cataract surgery. A qualitative and quantitative microbiological analysis of bacterial presence was evaluated by means of bacterial culture, followed by identification. Methicillin resistance determination was also performed on staphylococci isolates. Bacterial load before and after treatment of the eye candidate for cataract surgery was evaluated and compared to the untreated eye. A reduction or no regrowth on the culture media of the bacterial load was observed in 100% of the study subjects. A great heterogenicity of bacterial species was found. The 0.66% povidone-iodine eye drops, used for three days prior to cataract surgery, were effective in reducing the conjunctival bacterial load. The 0.66% povidone-iodine eye drops (IODIM®) might represent a valid perioperative prophylactic antiseptic adjuvant treatment to protect the ocular surface from microbial contamination in preparation of the surgical procedure.

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Virucidal and Chlamydicidal Activities of Eye Drops with Povidone-Iodine Liposome Complex

Ophthalmic Research ◽

10.1159/000055600 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 32 (2-3) ◽

pp. 118-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

P. Wutzler ◽

A. Sauerbrei ◽

R. Klöcking ◽

J. Burkhardt ◽

M. Schacke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Povidone Iodine ◽

Eye Drops

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In vivo antimicrobial activity of 0.6% povidone-iodine eye drops in patients undergoing intravitreal injections: a prospective study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-02831-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Daniele Tognetto ◽

Marco R. Pastore ◽

Lorenzo Belfanti ◽

Riccardo Merli ◽

Alex L. Vinciguerra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Povidone Iodine ◽

Culture Media ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Cohort Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Intravitreal Treatment ◽

Preservative Free

AbstractTo investigate the antimicrobial activity of a preservative-free 0.6% povidone-iodine eye drop as an antiseptic procedure in decreasing the conjunctival bacterial load in eyes scheduled for intravitreal treatment and to compare its efficacy to the untreated fellow eye used as the control group. Prospective cohort analysis in which 208 patients received preservative-free 0.6% povidone-iodine eye drops three times a day for three days before intravitreal injection. Before and after the prophylactic treatment, a conjunctival swab was collected from both the study eye and the untreated contralateral eye, used as control. The swab was inoculated on different culture media and the colony-forming units were counted. Bacteria and fungi were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Treatment with 0.6% povidone-iodine eye drops significantly reduced the conjunctival bacterial load from baseline (p < 0.001 for blood agar and p < 0.001 for chocolate agar) with an eradication rate of 80%. The most commonly isolated pathogen at each time-point and in both groups was coagulase-negative Staphylococci, isolated in 84% of the positive cultures. The study provides evidence about the effectiveness of 0.6% povidone-iodine eye drops treatment in reducing the conjunctival bacterial load in eyes scheduled for intravitreal treatment.

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The Effectiveness of 0.6% Povidone Iodine Eye Drops in Reducing the Conjunctival Bacterial Load and Needle Contamination in Patients Undergoing Anti-VEGF Intravitreal Injection: A Prospective, Randomized Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8071031 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 1031 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Michele Reibaldi ◽

Teresio Avitabile ◽

Francesco Bandello ◽

Antonio Longo ◽

Vincenza Bonfiglio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prophylactic Treatment ◽

Povidone Iodine ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Injection Needle ◽

Before And After ◽

And Control

The study purpose was to assess the efficacy of a preservative-free 0.6% povidone iodine eye drops as perioperative prophylactic treatment for reducing conjunctival bacterial load and the rate of needle contamination in patients undergoing intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection. Enrolled patients were randomized to either the study group (0.6% povidone iodine, three day-prophylactic treatment before the injection) or to the control group (placebo, three day-prophylactic treatment). Conjunctival swabs were obtained before and after the prophylactic treatment in both groups. Intravitreal injections were performed in a sterile fashion. The injection needle and a control needle were collected for microbiological culture. Data from 254 and 253 eyes in the study group and control group, respectively, were analyzed. Bacterial growth from conjunctival swab cultures was significantly lower after 0.6% povidone iodine prophylaxis compared to baseline and to placebo prophylaxis (p < 0.001), showing an 82% eradication rate in the study group. No injection needle showed bacterial contamination in the study group, whereas six needles were culture-positive in the control group (p = 0.015). No serious ocular and non-ocular adverse events were recorded. The 0.6% povidone iodine solution proved an effective treatment in reducing conjunctival bacterial load and risk of needle contamination.

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Topical proparacaine eye drops to improve the experience of patients undergoing intravitreal injections: A randomized controlled trial

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672120902026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 1454-1460

Author(s):

Margaret M Reynolds ◽

Sharon L Mercill ◽

Amber L Wirkus ◽

Kerryl Greenwood Quaintance ◽

Jose S Pulido

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Intravitreal Injection ◽

Patient Experience ◽

Povidone Iodine ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Positive Culture ◽

Intravitreal Injections ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Topical Anesthetic ◽

Randomized Controlled

Purpose: We sought to evaluate whether additional topical anesthetic, specifically proparacaine 0.5%, improved patient experience with intravitreal injections without hindering antisepsis. Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted including 36 eyes of 36 patients undergoing intravitreal injections. Patients were randomized to treatment with additional topical proparacaine 0.5% versus control after undergoing informed consent. All patients prior to intravitreal injection underwent conjunctival culture after one drop of topical proparacaine 0.5% was placed. Half of patients then received an additional drop of proparacaine and then underwent a second conjunctival culture. The other half of patients had a drop of povidone iodine and then a second conjunctival culture. Intravitreal injection followed conjunctival cultures. To evaluate their experience, patients were provided with a survey. Results: In total, 36 patients were enrolled in the study. Three of 36 (8.3%) patients had positive conjunctival cultures after proparacaine eye drops alone. One of 17 (5.8%) patients had a positive conjunctival culture after a second drop of proparacaine. One of 19 (5.3%) patients had a positive culture after proparacaine and povidone iodine. By noninferiority analysis, proparacaine was inferior to povidone iodine ( p = .28). Patient experience surveys did not differ between groups. Conclusion: Patient perception did not significantly differ whether or not additional proparacaine drops were used prior to intravitreal injection in a randomized controlled trial. While proparacaine has some antiseptic properties, these were found to be inferior to those of povidone iodine. Therefore, while povidone iodine is essential for antisepsis, additional proparacaine drops should not interfere with antisepsis.

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First Report of Bartonella SP. In Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) From Southern Mexico

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association ◽

10.2987/19-6854.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 224-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yokomi N. Lozano-Sardaneta ◽

Pablo Colunga-Salas ◽

Sokani Sánchez-Montes ◽

Abraham G. Cáceres ◽

Ingeborg Becker

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Endemic Area ◽

Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Wild Populations ◽

Bartonella Bacilliformis ◽

Southern Mexico ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

First Report ◽

Hematophagous Arthropods

ABSTRACT The genus Bartonella encompasses several zoonotic species that cause emerging infectious diseases in humans. These species are transmitted to humans by hematophagous arthropods. In South America, sand flies are the most important vectors of Bartonella bacilliformis, the etiological agent of Verruga peruana. Due to the importance of bartonellosis in public health, the aim of this study was to detect Bartonella in wild populations of phlebotomine sand flies in southern Mexico. In total, 29 sand flies belonging to 6 species were collected. Only 2 specimens were positive, representing a prevalence of 8.69% (2/23). This appears to be the first report of Bartonella sp. in phlebotomine sand flies outside the endemic area of Verruga peruana in South America. Further studies are needed to clarify the relation between this bacterium and sand flies in Mexico.

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Bilateral, chronic, bacterial conjunctivitis in giant fornix syndrome

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2021-245460 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. e245460

Author(s):

Patrick Commiskey ◽

Eve Bowers ◽

Aidan Dmitriev ◽

Alex Mammen

Keyword(s):

Elderly Patients ◽

Acid Treatment ◽

Hypochlorous Acid ◽

Povidone Iodine ◽

Autologous Serum ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Artificial Tears ◽

Bacterial Conjunctivitis ◽

Corneal Epithelial ◽

Systemic Antibiotics

Giant fornix syndrome (GFS) results in chronic, relapsing conjunctivitis in elderly patients with enophthalmos and enlarged fornices, in which infectious material collects and perpetuates inflammation. A 98-year-old woman presented with persistent, bilateral, purulent conjunctivitis; corneal epithelial defects and progressive blepharospasm that did not respond to artificial tears, topical antibiotics and steroids and amniotic membrane grafts. Additional findings of deep-set orbits with enlarged upper fornices were diagnostic of GFS. Over the next 2 months, she responded to a combination of topical and systemic antibiotics, autologous serum eye drops, povidone-iodine forniceal rinses, and hypochlorous acid treatment of the eyelashes. GFS is an important diagnostic consideration in elderly patients with chronic conjunctivitis and deep-set orbits.

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Clinical experience with povidone-iodine eye drops in patients with conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis

Journal of Hospital Infection ◽

10.1016/s0195-6701(85)80064-5 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 173-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

G. Schuhman ◽

B. Vidic

Keyword(s):

Clinical Experience ◽

Povidone Iodine ◽

Eye Drops

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Effect of 1% Povidone Iodine Mouthwash/Gargle, Nasal and Eye Drop in COVID-19 patient

Bioresearch Communications ◽

10.3329/brc.v7i1.54245 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 919-923

Author(s):

Md Iqbal Mahmud Choudhury ◽

Nilufar Shabnam ◽

Tazin Ahsan ◽

Md Saiful Kabir ◽

Rashed Md Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Povidone Iodine ◽

Financial Burden ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Symptomatic Treatment ◽

Sudden Onset ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Lukewarm Water

Background: The sudden onset of COVID-19 began in late 2019 caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-COV2) and on 11th March, WHO declared it to have developed pandemic status. There is still no specific treatment and vaccine available for COVID-19; causing wide spread health problem and concern of the globe. Povidone iodine (PVP-I) is an antiseptic that has been used for over 150 years. It is already proved that different concentration of PVP-I can deactivate COVID-19 virus. Methodology: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, out of 1113 patients 606 patients were enrolled and divided in 2 groups by randomization after taken consents. In Gr-A, 303 patients underwent mouthwash/gargle, nasal drops and eye drops with 1% povidone iodine 4 hourly for 4 weeks as well as symptomatic treatment according to need. In Gr-B 303 patients were advised mouthwash/gargle, nasal cavity and eye wash with lukewarm water 4 hourly for 4 weeks and symptomatic treatment according to need. RT-PCR test done every 3rd, 5th and 7th day and Thyroid hormone level (TSH,T3, T4, FT4) at 4th week for follow up. Results: The group of patients used 1% PVP-I have shown tremendously reduced mortality, morbidity and hospital as well as financial burden in this covid situation. Conclusion: Administration of 1% PVP-I as mouthwash/gargle, nasal or eye drop is simple, rapid and cost effective in reduction of mortality and morbidity by COVID-19. Bioresearch Commu. 7(1): 919-923, 2021 (January)

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