3 Epidemiology of running-related injuries in the Korean population: a cross-sectional survey of 1046 runners

AimsRunning is the oldest form of exercise in human history and the most popular exercise in the world.1 While running can improve physical fitness and reduce chronic health problems such as obesity and cardiovascular disease, it is also associated with injuries in lower extremities.2 However, because there was no consensus definition of running-related injury, the prevalence and incidence of running-related injuries had been reported to vary between 19% and 92%.3 Moreover, epidemiology of running-related injuries in Asian populations has been rarely investigated. Therefore, this study was first to use the consensus definition of running-related injuries published in 20153 and investigated the epidemiology of running-related injuries in the Korean population.MethodsIn cross-sectional design, an online survey was circulated among various running communities in Korea. The questionnaire contained information on presence and location of pain attributed to running, demographic characteristics, weekly running mileage, training intensity, running pace, type of shoes, foot strike, reason for running, and exercise experience prior to running.ResultsAmong 1046 runners (male=624, female 422) who responded, 94.7% experienced some kind of pain while running, but only 37% were categorized to have running-related injuries. The most common site of injury was the knee followed by ankle. Exercise experience prior to running (OR 1.57 95% CI 1.13–2.21), setting of specific running goals (OR 1.57 95% CI 1.08–2.27), and mileage increases from 20–30 km to 30–40 km (OR 1.66 95% CI 1.06–2.63) were associated with significant increases in running-related injuries.ConclusionIn order to avoid running-related injuries, runners should be careful in increasing weekly mileage. Moreover, runners with previous exercise experience may need to approach running more cautiously. Setting goals may be motivating but at the same time can increase the risk of running-related injuries.ReferencesVidebæk S, Bueno AM, Nielsen RO, Rasmussen S. Incidence of running-related injuries per 1000 h of running in different types of runners: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports medicine 2015;45(7):1017–26.Van Gent R, Siem D, van Middelkoop M, Van Os A, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Koes B. Incidence and determinants of lower extremity running injuries in long distance runners: a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2007;41(8):469–80.Yamato TP, Saragiotto BT, Lopes AD. A consensus definition of running-related injury in recreational runners: a modified Delphi approach. Journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy 2015;45(5):375–80.

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Consensus Definition of Sport Specialization in Youth Athletes Using a Delphi Approach

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-0725.20 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

David R. Bell ◽

Traci Snedden ◽

Kevin Biese ◽

Evan Nelson ◽

Andrew Watson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Delphi Study ◽

Sports Medicine ◽

Youth Sport ◽

Delphi Consensus ◽

Consensus Definition ◽

Youth Athletes ◽

Delphi Approach ◽

Study Team ◽

Six Elements ◽

Definition Of

Context: A single, widely accepted definition of sport specialization does not exist. A consensus definition is necessary to guide youth sport stakeholders on issues associated with sport specialization. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a consensus definition of youth sport specialization and to identify elements that support the construct of specialization. Design: Delphi Study Setting: Directed Surveys Patients or Other Participants: A consensus panel of 17 experts was created to provide a broad multidisciplinary perspective on sport specialization in youth athletes. Data Collection and Analysis: The final definition was developed per an iterative process that involved four rounds of review. A comprehensive review of literature and expert input supported our initial proposed umbrella definition that included six additional elements. The study team reviewed the results after each round and changes were made to the definition based on panel feedback. Main Outcome Measure(s): Panel members were provided with the definition and six elements and then asked to rate each specific to importance, relevance, and clarity using a 4-point Likert scale. Results: In four Delphi consensus rounds, 17 experts reviewed the umbrella definition and six elements before consensus was reached. The umbrella definition and three of the initial six elements achieved >80% agreement for importance, relevance, and clarity after the fourth round of review. The remaining 3 components did not reach >80% agreement even after iterative edits and were removed. The process resulted in a final consensus definition: Sport specialization is intentional and focused participation in a single sport for a majority of the year that restricts opportunities for engagement in other sports and activities. Conclusions: A consensus-based conceptual definition for sport specialization has been developed using a Delphi method. This definition has important implications for clinicians and sports medicine professionals who support youth athletes.

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Operational definitions of successful aging: a systematic review

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610213002287 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 373-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 206

Author(s):

Theodore D. Cosco ◽

A. Matthew Prina ◽

Jaime Perales ◽

Blossom C. M. Stephan ◽

Carol Brayne

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Life Satisfaction ◽

Successful Aging ◽

Well Being ◽

Voluntary Work ◽

Extrinsic Factors ◽

Consensus Definition ◽

Single Construct ◽

Definition Of ◽

Study Participants

ABSTRACTBackground:Half a century after the inception of the term “successful aging (SA),” a consensus definition has not emerged. The current study aims to provide a comprehensive snapshot of operational definitions of SA.Methods:A systematic review across MedLine, PsycInfo, CINAHL, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Knowledge of quantitative operational definitions of SA was conducted.Results:Of the 105 operational definitions, across 84 included studies using unique models, 92.4% (97) included physiological constructs (e.g. physical functioning), 49.5% (52) engagement constructs (e.g. involvement in voluntary work), 48.6% (51) well-being constructs (e.g. life satisfaction), 25.7% (27) personal resources (e.g. resilience), and 5.7% (6) extrinsic factors (e.g. finances). Thirty-four definitions consisted of a single construct, 28 of two constructs, 27 of three constructs, 13 of four constructs, and two of five constructs. The operational definitions utilized in the included studies identify between <1% and >90% of study participants as successfully aging.Conclusions:The heterogeneity of these results strongly suggests the multidimensionality of SA and the difficulty in categorizing usual versus successful aging. Although the majority of operationalizations reveal a biomedical focus, studies increasingly use psychosocial and lay components. Lack of consistency in the definition of SA is a fundamental weakness of SA research.

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Malnutrition assessment methods in adult patients with tuberculosis: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049777 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. e049777

Author(s):

Lies ter Beek ◽

Mathieu S Bolhuis ◽

Harriët Jager-Wittenaar ◽

René X D Brijan ◽

Marieke G G Sturkenboom ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Composition ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Assessment Methods ◽

International Consensus ◽

Consensus Definition ◽

Tb Treatment ◽

Registration Number ◽

Definition Of

ObjectivesMalnutrition is associated with a twofold higher risk of dying in patients with tuberculosis (TB) and considered an important potentially reversible risk factor for failure of TB treatment. The construct of malnutrition has three domains: intake or uptake of nutrition; body composition and physical and cognitive function. The objectives of this systematic review are to identify malnutrition assessment methods, and to quantify how malnutrition assessment methods capture the international consensus definition for malnutrition, in patients with TB.DesignDifferent assessment methods were identified. We determined the extent of capturing of the three domains of malnutrition, that is, intake or uptake of nutrition, body composition and physical and cognitive function.ResultsSeventeen malnutrition assessment methods were identified in 69 included studies. In 53/69 (77%) of studies, body mass index was used as the only malnutrition assessment method. Three out of 69 studies (4%) used a method that captured all three domains of malnutrition.ConclusionsOur study focused on published articles. Implementation of new criteria takes time, which may take longer than the period covered by this review. Most patients with TB are assessed for only one aspect of the conceptual definition of malnutrition. The use of international consensus criteria is recommended to establish uniform diagnostics and treatment of malnutrition.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019122832.

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Reconsidering How Successful Aging is Defined

Advances in Social Work ◽

10.18060/24218 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 694-708

Author(s):

Barbra Teater ◽

Jill Chonody

Keyword(s):

Social Workers ◽

Exploratory Study ◽

Successful Aging ◽

Online Survey ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Financial Security ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Social ◽

Aging Adults ◽

Definition Of

Successful aging is a prominent framework within gerontology, yet an understanding of how aging adults define “successful aging” is often missing in the social work discourse around what it means to age well. This cross-sectional, exploratory study used an online survey to explore community-dwelling adults’ (aged 55+; n=471) definition of successful aging, the underlying components across all definitions, and any differences in components based on whether or not the adults identified as aging successfully. Summative content analysis yielded five main themes and 13 sub-themes for those who identified as aging successfully and five main themes and 11-sub-themes for those who identified as not aging successfully with elements of health constituting the largest percentage of responses across both groups. Bivariate analyses found participants in the “not aging successfully” group mentioned elements of Being Healthy and Financial Security more than those in the aging successfully group, and elements of Sustain Participation, Curiosity, and Learning less than those in the “aging successfully” group. The findings illustrate the extent to which aging adults view successful aging as the presence of health and ability. Social workers should be mindful to the ways in which adults view successful aging and the elements they believe to contribute to successful aging in order to provide and tailor programs, services, and resources that are supportive of aging adults’ needs and wishes.

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Associations between vaping and Covid-19: cross-sectional findings from the HEBECO study

10.1101/2020.12.01.20241760 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dimitra Kale ◽

Aleksandra Herbec ◽

Olga Perski ◽

Sarah E Jackson ◽

Jamie Brown ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Living Alone ◽

Sufficient Evidence ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

List Type ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Motivation To Quit ◽

Reported Data ◽

Rule Out

AbstractAimsTo explore i) associations between vaping and self-reported diagnosed/suspected Covid-19; ii) changes in vaping since Covid-19 and factors associated with these changes; iii) whether Covid-19 motivated current or recent ex-vapers to quit.MethodsCross-sectional online survey of 2791 UK adults recruited 30/04/2020–14/06/2020. Participants self-reported data on sociodemographic characteristics, diagnosed/suspected Covid-19, vaping status, changes in vaping and motivation to quit vaping since Covid-19.ResultsThere were no differences in diagnosed/suspected Covid-19 between never, current and ex-vapers. Bayes factors indicated there was sufficient evidence to rule out small negative (protective) associations between vaping status and diagnosed/suspected Covid-19. Among current vapers (n=397), 9.7% (95% CI 6.8-12.6%) reported vaping less than usual since Covid-19, 42.0% (37.2-46.9%) reported vaping more, and 48.3% (43.4-53.2%) reported no change. In adjusted analyses, vaping less was associated with being female (aOR=3.40, 95% CI 1.73-6.71), not living with children (aOR=4.93, 1.15-21.08) and concurrent smoking (aOR=8.77, 3.04-25.64), while vaping more was associated with being younger (aOR=5.26, 1.37-20.0), living alone (aOR=2.08, 1.14-3.85), and diagnosed/suspected Covid-19 (aOR=4.72, 2.60-8.62). Of current vapers, 32.2% (95% CI 27.5-36.8%) were motivated to quit vaping since Covid-19, partly motivated by Covid-19, and 17.4%, (9.7-26.3%) of recent ex-vapers quit vaping due to Covid-19.ConclusionsAmong UK adults, self-reported diagnosed/suspected Covid-19 was not associated with vaping status. Half of current vapers changed their vaping consumption since Covid-19, with the majority reporting an increase, and a minority was motivated to quit due to Covid-19.RegistrationThe analysis plan was pre-registered, and it is available at https://osf.io/6j8z3/HighlightsNo difference found in diagnosed/suspected Covid-19 between never, current and ex-vapersHalf of current vapers changed their vaping consumption since Covid-19Motivation to quit vaping was partly related to Covid-19

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What do doctors understand by spiritual health? A survey of UK general practitioners

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. e045110

Author(s):

Orla Whitehead ◽

Carol Jagger ◽

Barbara Hanratty

Keyword(s):

General Practitioners ◽

Online Survey ◽

Research Question ◽

A Priori ◽

Full Range ◽

Spiritual Health ◽

Free Text ◽

Consensus Definition ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Uk

BackgroundIn the UK, doctors’ regulatory and professional bodies require general practitioners (GPs) to consider discussing spiritual health as part of the consultation. However, spiritual health is not defined in guidance, and it is unknown what individual doctors understand by the term.Research questionWhat do GPs understand by the term ‘spiritual health’?AimTo explore how GPs understand and define spiritual health.Design and settingSurvey of GPs in England 9 April 2019–21 May 2019.MethodA mixed-methods online survey asked practising GPs in England qualitative free text questions—‘What does the term ‘Spiritual Health’ mean to you?’ and ‘Any comments?’ after five vignettes about discussing spiritual health with patients. These were subject to thematic analysis using a priori themes from the literature on GP definitions of spiritual health, and on attitudes towards the topic.Participants177 practising GPs in England.Results177 GPs responded to the survey. Understanding of spiritual health fitted into three themes: self-actualisation and meaning, transcendence and relationships beyond the self, and expressions of spirituality. A full range of views were expressed, from a minority who challenged their role in spiritual health, through to others enthusiastic about its place in healthcare.ConclusionSpirituality and religiosity are understood by English GPs to be distinct concepts. A consensus definition of spiritual health incorporating the themes identified by working doctors, may be helpful to support GPs to follow the recommended guidance in their practice.

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Hypertension and frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024406 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. e024406 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Davide L Vetrano ◽

Katie M Palmer ◽

Lucia Galluzzo ◽

Simona Giampaoli ◽

Alessandra Marengoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hypertension Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Registration Number ◽

Definition Of ◽

Study Setting

ObjectiveTo review the association between hypertension and frailty in observational studies.DesignA systematic review of the PubMed, Web of Science and Embase databases was performed. A meta-analysis was performed if at least three studies used the same definition of frailty and a dichotomous definition of hypertension.Setting, participants and measuresStudies providing information on the association between frailty and hypertension in adult persons, regardless of the study setting, study design or definition of hypertension and frailty were included.ResultsAmong the initial 964 articles identified, 27 were included in the review. Four longitudinal studies examined the incidence of frailty according to baseline hypertension status, providing conflicting results. Twenty-three studies assessed the cross-sectional association between frailty and hypertension: 13 of them reported a significantly higher prevalence of frailty in hypertensive participants and 10 found no significant association. The pooled prevalence of hypertension in frail individuals was 72% (95% CI 66% to 79%) and the pooled prevalence of frailty in individuals with hypertension was 14% (95% CI 12% to 17%). Five studies, including a total of 7656 participants, reported estimates for the association between frailty and hypertension (pooled OR 1.33; 95% CI 0.94 to 1.89).ConclusionsFrailty is common in persons with hypertension. Given the possible influence of frailty on the risk–benefit ratio of treatment for hypertension and its high prevalence, it is important to assess the presence of this condition in persons with hypertension.Trial registration numberCRD42017058303.

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Genetic testing in ALS

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000003686 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 88 (10) ◽

pp. 991-999 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Alice Vajda ◽

Russell L. McLaughlin ◽

Mark Heverin ◽

Owen Thorpe ◽

Sharon Abrahams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Testing ◽

Online Survey ◽

Genetic Mutation ◽

Presymptomatic Testing ◽

Consensus Definition ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Sporadic Als ◽

History Of ◽

Definition Of ◽

Lateral Sclerosis

Objective:To determine the degree of consensus among clinicians on the clinical use of genetic testing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and the factors that determine decision-making.Methods:ALS researchers worldwide were invited to participate in a detailed online survey to determine their attitudes and practices relating to genetic testing.Results:Responses from 167 clinicians from 21 different countries were analyzed. The majority of respondents (73.3%) do not consider that there is a consensus definition of familial ALS (FALS). Fifty-seven percent consider a family history of frontotemporal dementia and 48.5% the presence of a known ALS genetic mutation as sufficient for a diagnosis of FALS. Most respondents (90.2%) offer genetic testing to patients they define as having FALS and 49.4% to patients with sporadic ALS. Four main genes (SOD1, C9orf72, TARDBP, and FUS) are commonly tested. A total of 55.2% of respondents would seek genetic testing if they had personally received a diagnosis of ALS. Forty-two percent never offer presymptomatic testing to family members of patients with FALS. Responses varied between ALS specialists and nonspecialists and based on the number of new patients seen per year.Conclusions:There is a lack of consensus among clinicians as to the definition of FALS. Substantial variation exists in attitude and practices related to genetic testing of patients and presymptomatic testing of their relatives across geographic regions and between experienced specialists in ALS and nonspecialists.

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