National cross sectional study of views on sexual violence and risk of HIV infection and AIDS among South African school pupils

(1) Background: Sexual violence (SV) has become common in universities for reasons related to unwanted social/peer pressures regarding alcohol/drug use and sexual activities. Objectives: To identify perceptions of SV and alcohol use and estimate prevalence among nursing students in Catalonia, Spain. (2) Methods: Observational descriptive cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of nursing students attending public universities. (3) Results: We recruited 686 students (86.11% women), who reported as follows: 68.7% had consumed alcohol, 65.6% had been drunk at least once in the previous year, 62.65% had experienced blackouts and 25.55% had felt pressured to consume alcohol. Drunkenness and blackouts were related (p < 0.000). Of the 15.6% of respondents who had experienced SV, 47.7% experienced SV while under the influence of alcohol and were insufficiently alert to stop what was happening, while 3.06% reported rape. SV was more likely to be experienced by women (OR: 2.770; CI 95%: 1.229–6.242; p = 0.014), individuals reporting a drunk episode in the previous year (OR: 2.839; 95% CI: 1.551–5.197; p = 0.001) and individuals pressured to consume alcohol (OR: 2.091; 95% CI: 1.332–3.281; p = 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Nursing instructors need to raise student awareness of both the effects of alcohol use and SV, so as to equip these future health professionals with the knowledge and skills necessary to deal with SV among young people.

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A Cross-Sectional Study to Evaluate the Effects of Age and Duration of HIV Infection on Anxiety and Depression in Cisgender Men

AIDS and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10461-021-03373-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Gianella ◽

Rowan Saloner ◽

Genevieve Curtin ◽

Susan J. Little ◽

Anne Heaton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Small Sample ◽

Self Report ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results

AbstractThis observational cross-sectional study of 152 people with HIV (PWH) examined the effects of age and estimated duration of HIV infection (EDI) on depressive and anxiety symptoms. All participants were cisgender men and completed the Profile of Moods State (POMS), a self-report inventory of current (i.e., past week) mood states. Overall, study results confirmed higher levels of anxiety and depression in PWH compared to individuals without HIV. Age group (< 50 or ≥ 50 years) moderated the effect of EDI (< 3 or ≥ 3 years) on mood disturbance. Specifically, younger PWH with early diagnosed infection exhibited the highest levels of depression and anxiety, whereas depression and anxiety were attenuated in older PWH with early infection such that their POMS scores did not significantly differ from the HIV-negative and chronically HIV-infected groups. Despite the small sample size and other important limitations in our study design, our preliminary findings confirm previous observations that older people may have some adaptive ability to better handle the acute psychological stressors associated with recent HIV infection.

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Concordance between fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c in the diagnosis of diabetes in black South African adults: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e046060

Author(s):

Alisha N Wade ◽

Nigel J Crowther ◽

Shafika Abrahams-Gessel ◽

Lisa Berkman ◽

Jaya A George ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

South African ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Sectional Study ◽

South African Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Black South African

ObjectivesWe investigated concordance between haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)-defined diabetes and fasting plasma glucose (FPG)-defined diabetes in a black South African population with a high prevalence of obesity.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingRural South African population-based cohort.Participants765 black individuals aged 40–70 years and with no history of diabetes.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was concordance between HbA1c-defined diabetes and FPG-defined diabetes. Secondary outcome measures were differences in anthropometric characteristics, fat distribution and insulin resistance (measured using Homoeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)) between those with concordant and discordant HbA1c/FPG classifications and predictors of HbA1c variance.ResultsThe prevalence of HbA1c-defined diabetes was four times the prevalence of FPG-defined diabetes (17.5% vs 4.2%). Classification was discordant in 15.7% of participants, with 111 individuals (14.5%) having HbA1c-only diabetes (kappa 0.23; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.31). Median body mass index, waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, subcutaneous adipose tissue and HOMA-IR in participants with HbA1c-only diabetes were similar to those in participants who were normoglycaemic by both biomarkers and significantly lower than in participants with diabetes by both biomarkers (p<0.05). HOMA-IR and fat distribution explained additional HbA1c variance beyond glucose and age only in women.ConclusionsConcordance was poor between HbA1c and FPG in diagnosis of diabetes in black South Africans, and participants with HbA1c-only diabetes phenotypically resembled normoglycaemic participants. Further work is necessary to determine which of these parameters better predicts diabetes-related morbidities in this population and whether a population-specific HbA1c threshold is necessary.

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Community-based directly observed treatment for TB patients to improve HIV services: a cross-sectional study in a South African province

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-018-3074-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Embry M. Howell ◽

N. Gladys Kigozi ◽

J. Christo Heunis

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hiv Services ◽

Directly Observed Treatment

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High prevalence of lipoatrophy in pre-pubertal South African children on antiretroviral therapy: a cross-sectional study

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/1471-2431-12-183 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Steve Innes ◽

Mark F Cotton ◽

Richard Haubrich ◽

Maria M Conradie ◽

Margaret van Niekerk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

South African ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

African Children ◽

High Prevalence ◽

South African Children

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Plasma Concentration of the Neurofilament Light Protein (NFL) is a Biomarker of CNS Injury in HIV Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study

EBioMedicine ◽

10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.036 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 135-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 185

Author(s):

Magnus Gisslén ◽

Richard W. Price ◽

Ulf Andreasson ◽

Niklas Norgren ◽

Staffan Nilsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Concentration ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cns Injury ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Neurofilament Light

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Prevalence of sexual violence and its associated factors among housemaids attending evening schools in urban settings of Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia: A school based cross sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0258953 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. e0258953

Author(s):

Kalkidan Gezahegn ◽

Selamawit Semagn ◽

Mohammed Feyisso Shaka

Keyword(s):

Sexual Violence ◽

Formal Education ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Life Time ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Based

Background Housemaids are the most vulnerable group to sexual violence due to their working condition, isolation and school arrangements. Despite the ubiquity of sexual violence among the domestic work sector, particularly among housemaids, this area of research continues to be neglected. This study was aimed at examining the prevalence and factors pertaining to sexual violence among housemaids attending night school program in urban setups of Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. Method A school based quantitative cross sectional study was conducted among 394 housemaids attending night schools in the urban setups of Gedeo Zone from April to May 2019. After stratifying of students using class grade, SRS technique was used to choose study subjects from each stratum. Quantitative data was collected using face to face interview and qualitative was collected using focus group discussion, in-depth interview and key informant interview. The data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Binary logistic regression was fitted to determine the association of each independent variable with the dependent variable. Result Based on the finding, the prevalence of sexual violence was 60.2%. The odds of experiencing sexual violence through working life-time as housemaid was higher for those who had migrated from rural to urban for work [AOR = 1.97: 95% CI, (1.07,3.63)], had less than 5 years of experience as housemaid [AOR = 3.10: 95% CI, (1.60, 6.00)], were in the age group of 15–19 [AOR = 3.75:95% CI (1.88, 7.46), ever used alcohol [AOR = 6.77: 95% CI, (2.65,17.33)] and whose fathers lacked formal education [AOR = 2.75:95%CI (1.24,6.08)]. On the other hand, unmarried /housemaids having no regular sexual partner were less likely to face sexual violence [AOR. = 0.28: 95% CI, (0.13, 0.57)]. Conclusion The level of sexual violence was found to be high among housemaids attending night schools in in this study. Housemaids from rural area, those newly starting the work, younger housemaids, and those who were married were more likely to be victims of sexual violence.

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