scholarly journals Patchy signals: capturing women’s voices in mobile phone surveys of rural India

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (Suppl 5) ◽  
pp. e005411
Author(s):  
Skye Hersh ◽  
Divya Nair ◽  
Pradyot Bharadwaj Komaragiri ◽  
Raghav Kapoor Adlakha
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pass Rate ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Pass Rates ◽  
Women's Voices ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Significant Difference

Phone surveys are a rapid and cost-effective way to collect primary data for research, monitoring and evaluation purposes. But for these data to be precise, reliable and unbiased, women’s perspectives must be accurately represented. Throughout 2020, we conducted seven household surveys in rural India to understand households’ experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic and contemporaneous relief programmes. Given social distancing protocols, we conducted these surveys over the phone, using household phone numbers collected during earlier, face-to-face research. Analysing metadata from these surveys (along with women’s responses to questions about phone use), we determine how gaps in phone access inhibit women’s representation in phone surveys. We find that the prevalence of male management of household phones significantly reduces access to female respondents. This is a problem for two reasons. Firstly, men are usually the first to pick up the phone: in two surveys in which we tracked the gender of the person who picked up, men picked up 63.2% and 71.1% of the time, respectively. Moreover, only a small minority of those we reached by phone were able and willing to pass the phone to a household member of the opposite gender, when prompted (with no statistically significant difference between pass rates for women and men). This low immediate pass rate, in combination with low female pickup, led to fewer women respondents. As such, we recommend that researchers dedicate time and resources to taking appointments and making call-backs to reach more women. We also show that the use of female enumerators improves households’ willingness to participate in women-centred surveys, and call for more investment into female enumerator teams.

scholarly journals SPECIAL TUTORIAL CLASSES TO UPGRADE LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS ENROLLED IN MATHEMATICS FOR SOCIAL SCIENCE AT STOU

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
Sakorn Boondao
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pass Rate ◽  
Final Exam ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Tutorial Program ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Scale ◽  
Teaching Programs

Unlike distance education institutions in developed countries Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University makes very limited use of assignments in its teaching programs. The main means of interaction between tutors and students consists of free face-to-face tutorials conducted three times per semester in provincial centers throughout the country. In courses with low enrolments (less than 1000 students) such tutorials have recently been deemed not to be cost effective. Alternative regional or central intensive programs have been developed. These involve 20 hours of tutorial classes and assignment work over two weekends in the final month of the semester and count for 30% of the assessment. A small charge is made for registration. The Mathematics for Social Science course was affected by this change. Since mathematics is a difficult subject for students, (only about 30% normally passed the course) the special tutorial program was used to help students in the second semester of 2006. Students were more interested in this approach than in the regular face-to-face tutorials. After the project was advertised, 98 students applied. While this was more than three times the number who had attended the free tutorials in the previous semester, it was not sufficient to justify tutorials in the four regions. Instead, three classes were conducted in Bangkok. Only 71 of the original applicants attended. During the program the better students were asked to assist those who needed help. Student questionnaires indicated that more than half identified themselves as weak in mathematics, most had completed year 12 and just over three-quarters had never attended regular face-to-face tutorials. They were asked to rank items about the classes on a five-level scale. The availability of up to 30% of the marks for the course was the major attraction. Most indicated that they were pleased with the classes, and gained more knowledge; while assignments, as well as the solutions given after submission, helped them understand the contents. Having classmates help them with learning also encouraged them with their study. They felt that they needed more time to study and do assignment work, and would like more marks to be allocated for the assignments. It was found that the achievement of students who attended the special tutorial classes was significantly higher than that of those who did not. The pass rate in this semester dramatically increased compared to the previous semester, 50.72% and 30.34% respectively. But when comparing students' final exam scores for both groups, it was found that there was no significant difference in the scores. However students were satisfied with these special tutorial classes.

Seasonal Effects on Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission Screening Outcomes in Infants versus 6-Year-Old Children

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (07) ◽  
pp. 392-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Kei ◽  
Kelly Robertson ◽  
Carlie Driscoll ◽  
Veronica Smyth ◽  
Bradley McPherson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Pass Rate ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Pass Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The purpose of this study was to compare transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) screening outcomes (pass/fail) across the seasons (spring, autumn, and winter) between infants and schoolchildren. A total of 526 infants (275 boys, 251 girls) with a mean age of 2.0 months (SD = 0.38 months) and 975 schoolchildren (513 boys, 462 girls) with a mean age of 6.2 years (SD = 0.36 years) were screened using the ILO Otodynamics Quickscreen program. The same TEOAE pass/fail criterion was applied to the two groups. The results indicated a significant difference in pass rates between infants (91.2% of 1052 ears) and schoolchildren (86.0% of 1950 ears). A seasonal effect was found only for schoolchildren, with a significantly lower pass rate in winter than in spring or autumn. There was no difference in pass rates between spring and autumn. Implications for the seasonal effect on TEOAE screening outcomes for infants and schoolchildren are discussed.

scholarly journals CPIRD: A successful Thai programme to produce clinically competent medical graduates

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Yi Yanhua ◽  
Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong ◽  
Hutcha Sriplung ◽  
Chulalak Rueanarong
Keyword(s):  
Estimating Equation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pass Rate ◽  
Pass Rates ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Medical Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medical License

The programme titled “Collaborative Project to Increase Production of Rural Doctors” (CPIRD) is a rural medical education project launched in 1994 in Thailand. This study aimed to compare the academic performances in medical study over five years and the pass rates in national medical license examinations (MLE) between students enrolled in CPIRD and two other tracks.Grade point average (GPA) over five years and results of MLEs for four cohorts of students enrolled from 2003 to 2006 in Prince of Songkla University were collected from the registration department. A longitudinal analysis was used to compare the GPA over time for medical students enrolled in CPIRD and those from the national and direct regional tracks through generalized estimating equation (GEE) models. The MLE pass rates were compared using chi-square and fisher's exact tests as appropriate.Female students dominated the CPIRD group. GPAs in the first three years in the CPIRD group were significantly lower than those of the other two groups, this disparity narrowed in the fourth and fifth years. For step one of the MLE (basic sciences), cohorts 2003 and 2006 of the CPIRD group had a significantly lower pass rate than the other two groups but there was no significant difference in cohort 2004 and cohort 2005. The CPIRD step two and three MLE pass rates were not significantly different from the national track in all cohorts and lower than the direct track only for step two in cohort 2003 and step three in cohort 2006. The step three pass rate of the CPIRD group in cohort 2004 was significantly higher than the other two tracks.Despite weaker competency in basic science, the CPIRD was successful in forming clinical competency.

An E-Learning Project for a Basic Mathematics Course at the University

2009 ◽  
pp. 256-267
Author(s):  
Anna Torriero ◽  
Immacolata Scancarello
Keyword(s):  
Pass Rate ◽  
Pass Rates ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Assessment Tests ◽  
Catholic University ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Continuous Feedback ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

This article provides an evaluation of the impact of a specific e-learning platform (www.blackboard.com) upon pass rates, in particular on the MidTerm tests pass rate of “Calculus I”, a math course held at the Catholic University of Milan. An ICT project for a basic math course was developed and introduced in 2001 at the Catholic University, Faculty of Economics. Designed for freshmen, the course currently involves as many as 1,200 students, which is quite an achievement when compared with other e-learning blended courses available at the same university. The chief objective of the course is to supplement face-to-face lessons with the online learning activities implemented inside and/or outside the traditional classroom. The innovation of this project consists not only in its technological features but also in its tracking facilities. In fact, student online activities can be tracked down and teachers are provided with continuous feedback for the same to be redesigned. In addition, students can widen their knowledge of the subject matter through additional learning materials such as interactive self-assessment tests, guided assignments, and so forth.

No Significant Difference in Service Learninng Online

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Y. McGorry
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Program Outcomes ◽  
Online Delivery ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
Business Programs ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Significant Difference

Institutions of higher education are realizing the importance of service learning initiatives in developing awareness of students’ civic responsibilities, leadership and management skills, and social responsibility. These skills and responsibilities are the foundation of program outcomes in accredited higher education business programs at undergraduate and graduate levels. In an attempt to meet the needs of the student market, these institutions of higher education are delivering more courses online. This study addresses a comparison of traditional and online delivery of service learning experiences. Results demonstrate no significant difference in outcomes between the online and face-to-face models.

A MODERN JUDICIAL SYSTEM IN INDONESIA: LEGAL BREAKTHROUGH OF E-COURT AND E-LEGAL PROCEEDING

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Dedi Putra
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Legal Service ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Digital Era

The implementation of court in Indonesia has not fulfilled as expected because any parties involving in court has a lack of capacity, consistency, and integrity to provide legal service seriously. Some people assume that court services are not still optimal. To settle the problems, the Supreme Court just has officially issued Regulation No. 1 of 2019 regarding the Administration of Cases and Legal Proceedings in Courts via Electronic Means on 8 August 2019. This regulation is believed as an appropriate solution to face those problems. To elaborate more, this study illustrates a judicial reform in Indonesia, e-court, and access to justice, the conception of e-court including the performance of e-court and its drawbacks and challenges in the digital era. The research method uses normative research by approaching legal review and literature study. The technique of primary data collection applies Supreme Court regulation while means of secondary data are collected from concept or theory as set out under bibliography. Judicial reform in Indonesia is indicated by issuing new regulation regarding e-Court and e-Litigation, the implementation e-Court itself has been attributed to 32 courts consisting of general religious, and state administrative courts. Through e-Court, access to justice more transparent and accessible. Besides, justice seekers have no worries regarding distance issues as of e-Court may allow them to fight in court without face to face. Parties have no doubt relating to the acceleration of court to settle any dispute in Indonesia.

Extended Routine Follow-up of Primary Uncomplicated Hip and Knee Arthroplasty is not Necessary

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Georgina Kakra Wartemberg ◽  
Thomas Goff ◽  
Simon Jones ◽  
James Newman
Keyword(s):  
Aseptic Loosening ◽  
Revision Surgery ◽  
Revision Arthroplasty ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Primary Surgery ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Knee Revision Surgery ◽  
Knee Revision

Aims: To create a more effective system to identify patients in need of revision surgery. Background: There are over 160,000 total hip and knee replacements performed per year in England and Wales. Currently, most trusts review patients for up to 10 years or more. When we consider the cost of prolonged reviews, we cannot justify the expenditure within a limited budget. Study Design & Methods: We reviewed all patients' notes that underwent primary hip and knee revision surgery at our institution, noting age, gender, symptoms at presentation, referral source, details of the surgery, reason for revision and follow up history from primary surgery. Results: There were 145 revision arthroplasties (60 THR and 85 TKR) that met our inclusion criteria. Within the hip arthroplasty group, indications for revision included aseptic loosening (37), dislocation (10), and infection (3), periprosthetic fracture, acetabular liner wear and implant failure. All thirty-seven patients with aseptic loosening presented with pain. Twenty-five were referred from general practice with new symptoms. The remaining were clinic follow-ups. The most common reason for knee revision was aseptic loosening (37), followed by infection (21) and then progressive osteoarthritis (8). Most were referred from GP as a new referral or were clinic follow-ups. All patients were symptomatic. Conclusion: All the patients that underwent revision arthroplasty were symptomatic. Rather than yearly follow up, we recommend a cost-effective system. We are implementing a 'non face-to-face' system. Patients would be directly sent a questionnaire and x-ray form. The radiographs and forms will be reviewed by an experienced arthroplasty surgeon. The concerning cases will be seen urgently in a face-to-face clinic.

Assessment of Demographic Differences Regarding Customer Value in Life Insurance Corporation

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Sharma ◽  
Bodh Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Customer Value ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quota Sampling

Aim of this paper is to assess the empirically demographic differences among the customers regarding customer value in Life Insurance Corporation. It is a fact that life insurance players in J&K have realized that their business advantage depends on customer value. The study is based upon the primary data obtained from customers of LIC belonging to various districts of J&K through quota sampling. A questionnaire was framed containing items of demographics and statements measuring customer value based upon seven point Likert scale. The findings indicate that the demographic variables viz., age, qualification, occupation wise, there is no significant difference regarding customer value in the perception of customers of LIC. However, district wise respondents do differ in their opinion regarding customer value in Life Insurance Corporation.

The influence of Education, Occupation and Income on Perceived Customer Value

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Sharma ◽  
Bodh Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Customer Value ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Insurance Sector ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
Indian Insurance ◽  
Perceived Customer Value

The aim of this paper is to assess empirically perceptual gap among the customers having different educational qualification, occupation and income regarding customer value in Indian insurance sector. It is a fact that insurance sector has been growing tremendously despite a lot of competition in the marketplace. The study is based upon the primary data obtained from customers of four life insurance companies belonging to various districts of J&K through quota sampling. A questionnaire was framed containing items of demographics and statements measuring customer value based upon seven point Likert scale. The findings indicate that the demographic variables viz., qualification, occupation and monthly income, there is no significant difference regarding perceived customer value among the life insurance players.

scholarly journals Effect of leg wrapping technique on prevention of spinal induced hypotension and fetal acidosis during cesarean section: Randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Samah Nasser Abd El-Aziz El-Shora ◽  
Amina Mohamed Rashad El-Nemer
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Induced Hypotension ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wrapping Technique

Background and aim: Hypotension during cesarean section (CS) under spinal anesthesia has been a subject of scientific study for more than 50 years and the search for the most effective strategy to achieve hemodynamic stability remains challenging. Aim: The study was carried out to apply leg wrapping technique for the prevention of spinal-induced hypotension (SIH) during CS.Methods: Randomized Controlled Trial design was utilized at cesarean delivery operating room Mansoura General Hospital in El-Mansoura City during the period from May 2018 to November 2018. A purposive sample of 88 pregnant women, assigned randomly to an intervention group (n = 44) in which their legs wrapped with elastic crepe bandage and control group (n = 44) in which no wrapping was done. Data collected for maternal, neonatal hemodynamic and signs of hypotension, the feasibility of application and cost analysis.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of SIH and Ephedrine use among both groups (18.20% in leg wrapping group whereas 75% in control group). In addition, neonatal acidosis and NICU admission were less among leg wrapping group (11.40%, 9.10% respectively). Economically, leg wrapping technique was cost effective compared to the cost of the hospital regimen for treating SIH and admission to (NICU).Conclusion and recommendations: Leg wrapping technique was cost effective and an efficient method for decreasing SIH, neonatal acidosis and Ephedrine administration. It is recommended to apply leg wrapping technique in maternal hospitals' protocol of care for decreasing SIH during CS.

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