scholarly journals CPIRD: A successful Thai programme to produce clinically competent medical graduates

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Yi Yanhua ◽  
Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong ◽  
Hutcha Sriplung ◽  
Chulalak Rueanarong
Keyword(s):  
Estimating Equation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pass Rate ◽  
Pass Rates ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Medical Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medical License

The programme titled “Collaborative Project to Increase Production of Rural Doctors” (CPIRD) is a rural medical education project launched in 1994 in Thailand. This study aimed to compare the academic performances in medical study over five years and the pass rates in national medical license examinations (MLE) between students enrolled in CPIRD and two other tracks.Grade point average (GPA) over five years and results of MLEs for four cohorts of students enrolled from 2003 to 2006 in Prince of Songkla University were collected from the registration department. A longitudinal analysis was used to compare the GPA over time for medical students enrolled in CPIRD and those from the national and direct regional tracks through generalized estimating equation (GEE) models. The MLE pass rates were compared using chi-square and fisher's exact tests as appropriate.Female students dominated the CPIRD group. GPAs in the first three years in the CPIRD group were significantly lower than those of the other two groups, this disparity narrowed in the fourth and fifth years. For step one of the MLE (basic sciences), cohorts 2003 and 2006 of the CPIRD group had a significantly lower pass rate than the other two groups but there was no significant difference in cohort 2004 and cohort 2005. The CPIRD step two and three MLE pass rates were not significantly different from the national track in all cohorts and lower than the direct track only for step two in cohort 2003 and step three in cohort 2006. The step three pass rate of the CPIRD group in cohort 2004 was significantly higher than the other two tracks.Despite weaker competency in basic science, the CPIRD was successful in forming clinical competency.

scholarly journals Level of Satisfaction in the Use of the Wraparound Hawley and Thermoplastic Maxillary Retainers

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adenilson Silva Chagas ◽  
Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas ◽  
Rodrigo Hermont Cançado ◽  
Fabricio Pinelli Valarelli ◽  
Luiz Filiphe Gonçalves Canuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the level of satisfaction in the use of wraparound Hawley and thermoplastic maxillary retainers. Materials and Methods The study sample included 70 orthodontic patients (24 males and 46 females), who were in the retention stage (mean age = 20.80 years). All patients wore the two types of maxillary retainer for 1 month each, along with a 3×3 fixed mandibular retainer. After the use of each retainer, the patients responded to a questionnaire evaluating the level of satisfaction with their use of the maxillary retainer. Intergroup comparison was performed by independent t tests. Chi-square test was used to evaluate preference for the type of retainer by gender. Results The thermoplastic retainer was better for swallowing and the wraparound Hawley appliance was better for hygiene and durability. The other factors evaluated (adaptation, speech, comfort, esthetics, satisfaction, and fitting) did not show significant differences between the retainers. There was also no significant difference in preference for the appliances. Conclusions Regarding the overall satisfaction and the preference, there was no difference between the wraparound Hawley and thermoplastic retainers. The wraparound Hawley appliance was better in hygiene and resistance than the thermoplastic retainer; and the thermoplastic appliance was better than the wraparound Hawley for swallowing fluids and saliva.

scholarly journals GMAT And Other Determinants Of GPA In An MBA Program

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Bharat Kolluri ◽  
Rao Singamsetti ◽  
Mahmoud Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Grade Point Average ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Mba Students ◽  
Mba Program ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

This paper reports on the influence of waiving the GMAT requirement on academic performance as measured by grade-point-average at graduation for 833 University of Hartford MBA students who graduated between 2003 and 2009. In seeking to better understand what factors might be influencing graduation GPA, we examined a variety of traditional attributes. In addition, we examined the potential influence of GMAT Waivers on graduation GPA because there was some thought that students who waived this test might have lower graduation GPAs than those who took the examination. The results of this study indicated that the most important factor for determining MBA graduation GPA was an individual’s undergraduate GPA, with higher undergraduate GPAs being associated with higher MBA graduation GPAs. Marginally significant differences in graduation GPA were also found based on the number of credits waived at entry into the MBA program, with more credits being waived contributing to a higher graduation GPA. We also found that women graduated with higher GPAs than men. Of particular interest to us in this study, however, was whether or not our GMAT Waiver policy was influencing graduation GPAs. In this case, we found no significant difference in graduation GPA, regardless of whether or not the GMAT requirement was waived. These results were confirmed using chi-square tests and two-sample t-tests. To gain additional insights into these issues, we estimated a regression model to explain graduation GPA using several attributes as independent variables. The regression results indicate that undergraduate GPA and gender seemed to most reliably predict differences in graduation GPA.

scholarly journals Performance of China’s new medical licensing examination for rural general practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Han ◽  
Xiaotong Li ◽  
Liang Cheng ◽  
Zhuoqing Wu ◽  
Jiming Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Junior College ◽  
Pass Rate ◽  
Hainan Province ◽  
Pass Rates ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Medical Licensing ◽  
Licensing Examination

Abstract Background To evaluate the performance of China’s new medical licensing examination (MLE) for rural general practice, which determines the number of qualified doctors who can provide primary care for China’s rural residents, and to identify associated factors. Methods Data came from all 547 examinees of the 2017 MLE for rural general practice in Hainan province, China. Overall pass rates of the MLE and pass rates of the MLE Step 1 practical skills examination and Step 2 written exam were examined. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify examinee characteristics associated with passing Step 1 and Step 2, respectively. Results Of the 547 examinees, 68% passed Step 1, while only 23% of Step 1 passers passed Step 2, yielding an 15% (82 of 547) overall pass rate of the whole examination. Junior college medical graduates were 2.236 (95% CI, 1.127–4.435) times more likely to pass Step 1 than secondary school medical graduates. Other characteristics, including age, gender, forms of study and years of graduation, were also significantly associated with passing Step 1. In contrast, examinees’ vocational school major and Step 1 score were the only two significant predictors of passing Step 2. Conclusions Our study reveals a low pass rate of China’s new MLE for rural general practice in Hainan province, indicating a relatively weak competency of graduates from China’s alternative medical education. An effective long-term solution might be to improve examinees’ clinical competency through mandating residency training for graduates of China’s alternative medical education.

The Effect of Respirator Training on the Ability of Healthcare Workers to Pass a Qualitative Fit Test

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 636-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Hannum ◽  
Kerrie Cycan ◽  
Linda Jones ◽  
Melinda Stewart ◽  
Steve Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Cost ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Pass Rate ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Pass Rates ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fit Testing ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Cost

AbstractObjectives:To determine the effect of different methods of training on the ability of hospital workers to wear respirators and pass a qualitative fit test, and to compare the direct cost of the training.Design:179 hospital employees were recruited for study and were stratified into three groups based on the type of training they received in the use of respirators. Employees in Group A received one-on-one training by the hospital's industrial hygienist and were fit tested as part of this training. Employees in Group B received classroom instruction and demonstration by infection control nurses in the proper use of respirators, but were not fit tested as part of training. Employees in Group C received no formal training. Each participant in our study underwent a subsequent qualitative fit test using irritant smoke to check for the employee's ability to adjust correctly the fit and seal of the respirator. The direct cost of each method of training was determined by accounting for the cost of trainers and the cost of employee-hours lost during training.Setting:775-bed Veterans' Affairs hospital.Results:94% of Group A participants (49 of 52) passed the qualitative fit test, compared to 91% of Group B participants (58 of 64) and 79% of Group C participants (50 of 63; P=.036, 2 × 3 chi-square). Group A had a significantly higher pass rate than Group C (P=.043), but Group B did not differ significantly from Group A or Group C. Location or professional status did not affect pass rate, but prior experience wearing respirators did. When the study groups were compared after stratifying for prior experience, we found no difference in pass rates, except when Groups A and B (those with any training) were combined and compared with Group C (107 of 116 versus 50 of 63, P=.05, Mantel-Haenszel chi-square).We estimate that the method of training involving individual instruction followed by fit testing took 20 minutes per employee to complete, compared to 10 minutes per six employee class for the method of classroom demonstration. The difference in direct cost between the two methods, applied to the training of 1,200 employees at our hospital, would be approximately $19,000 per year.Conclusion:Our study indicates that training in the proper use of respirators is important, but the method of training may not be, as the two methods we evaluated were nearly equivalent in their pass rates on fit testing (94% versus 91%). Fit testing as part of training may have enhanced the performance of our participants marginally, but was more time consuming and accounted for most of the excess cost.

Seasonal Effects on Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission Screening Outcomes in Infants versus 6-Year-Old Children

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (07) ◽  
pp. 392-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Kei ◽  
Kelly Robertson ◽  
Carlie Driscoll ◽  
Veronica Smyth ◽  
Bradley McPherson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Pass Rate ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Pass Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The purpose of this study was to compare transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) screening outcomes (pass/fail) across the seasons (spring, autumn, and winter) between infants and schoolchildren. A total of 526 infants (275 boys, 251 girls) with a mean age of 2.0 months (SD = 0.38 months) and 975 schoolchildren (513 boys, 462 girls) with a mean age of 6.2 years (SD = 0.36 years) were screened using the ILO Otodynamics Quickscreen program. The same TEOAE pass/fail criterion was applied to the two groups. The results indicated a significant difference in pass rates between infants (91.2% of 1052 ears) and schoolchildren (86.0% of 1950 ears). A seasonal effect was found only for schoolchildren, with a significantly lower pass rate in winter than in spring or autumn. There was no difference in pass rates between spring and autumn. Implications for the seasonal effect on TEOAE screening outcomes for infants and schoolchildren are discussed.

scholarly journals Postoperative sensitivity associated with low shrinkage versus conventional composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 447-453
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ivanovic ◽  
Tatjana Savic-Stankovic ◽  
Branislav Karadzic ◽  
Jugoslav Ilic ◽  
Ario Santini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Bonding Agents ◽  
Sensitivity Score ◽  
Dentin Adhesives ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New Formula ◽  
Postoperative Sensitivity ◽  
Original Formula

Introduction. Postoperative sensitivity in restorative dentistry can be related to preparation trauma, dentin adhesives? ability to seal open dentinal tubules, deformation of restorations under occlusal stresses and microleakage. Objective. The study assessed possible reduction in postoperative sensitivity with low shrinkage compared to conventional composites using different bonding agents and the influence of the operator skill on the incidence of postoperative sensitivity. Methods. Nine hundred and sixty permanent premolars and molars with primary carious lesions from patients 21 to 40 years old were used. Cavities 2 to 3 mm deep and with margins in enamel were prepared by four operators. Two operators had five years (A and B) and two had over 20 years (C and D) of clinical experience. Teeth were divided into eight groups each contained 120 restorations: (1) Els?+James-2 (original formula), (2) Els?+James-2 (new formula), (3) Els?+Excite, (4) InTenSe?+James-2 (original formula), (5) InTenSe?+James-2 (new formula), (6) InTenSe?+Excite, (7) Tetric Ceram?+Excite, and (8) Point 4?+OptiBond Solo Plus. At 14 days postoperatively, two independent operators, who did not take part in the clinical procedure, assessed postoperative teeth sensitivity using special questionnaires. Data were analyzed using non-parametric chi-square, Mann-Whitney and ANOVA tests. Results. Group 8 showed significantly higher score than the other groups. Less postoperative sensitivity was reported with two low-shrinkage composites (groups 2, 3, and 5) but with no significant difference. There was no statistical difference between groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Operator A had the highest postoperative sensitivity score compared to the other three. Conclusion. Conventional composite material Point 4? with its bonding agent caused significantly more postoperative sensitivity than low shrinkage composites combined with different adhesives. Operator skill influenced the incidence of postoperative sensitivity.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE RELATIVE AGE EFFECT ON HEIGHT, MOTOR PERFORMANCE AND TECHNICAL ELEMENTS OF OLYMPIC VOLLEYBALL ATHLETES

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-214
Author(s):  
Luiz José Frota Solon Junior ◽  
Luiz Vieira da Silva Neto
Keyword(s):  
Team Sports ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction The Relative Age Effect (RAE) refers to the chronological age difference that occurs between athletes of the same age category, which can benefit individuals born in the first two quartiles of the year. This phenomenon is commonly studied in team sports, yet the results are still inconsistent, especially in volleyball. Objective This study analyzed the distribution of the number of births per quartile of Olympic volleyball athletes and whether this would influence anthropometric/motor variables and technical elements. Methods The sample consisted of 116 male athletes who scored during the Rio 2016 Olympics. For data analysis, we identified each athlete’s quartile as well as data on height, attack and defensive (or block) range, and respective scores during the games. The Chi-square test was then used to verify interquartile distribution. To assess the normality of the other variables, we conducted the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Once accepted, one-way ANOVA was performed with the Bonferroni post-hoc test to verify significance between quartiles. A significance level of p≤0.05 was adopted. Results There was no significant difference in the distribution of athletes between quartiles (p = 0.74). When comparing the other variables in terms of the athletes’ trimester of birth, we did not observe any significant difference between height (p = 0.79), attack (p=0.59) and defensive range (p=0.07), and in the scores for serving, attacking and blocking between quartiles either. Conclusion The Relative Age Effect was not observed in Olympic volleyball athletes, therefore this phenomenon is not related to the athletes’ performance. This shows that other possible variables may influence the development of these athletes, discarding the relative age phenomenon. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective and Comparative Study.

scholarly journals Are African American stroke patients receiving appropriate carotid ultrasound exams?

Stroke ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 378-378
Author(s):  
Seemant Chaturvedi ◽  
Rema Raman ◽  
Sue Leurgans ◽  
Philip B Gorelick
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carotid Ultrasound ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Stroke Subtype ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference

P211 Background: Previous studies have suggested that carotid ultrasound (CUS) tests are less likely to be utilized in African American (AA) patients with stroke or TIA compared to whites ( Stroke 1999; 30: 1350). Whether the localization of the cerebral ischemic event or the stroke subtype influences the ordering of carotid imaging tests is unclear. Objective: To determine the patterns of CUS utilization in a large cohort of AA stroke patients. Methods: The African American Antiplatelet Stroke Prevention Study database was used for this analysis. Stroke localization was evaluated and stroke subtype was also recorded. CUS utilization was analyzed for the various stroke subgroups and statistical significance was determined by chi square testing. To ensure that site variation in CUS use did not explain any observed differences, the Mantel-Haenszel test was applied using the sites as strata. Results: As of 7/99, 1087 patients were entered in the database. In 67 patients, the stroke localization was uncertain, leaving 1020 patients for analysis. Using the stroke localization and subtype information available, 479 patients were classified as carotid (CAR) territory, 278 as vertebrobasilar (VB), 139 as indeterminate (IND), and 124 as both territories (BOTH). CAR strokes were further subdivided into lacunar and nonlacunar events. There was a statistically significant difference in the CUS utilization among the five groups. CUS exams were obtained in 56% of VB patients, compared to 75 to 81% in the other groups (p<0.001). For the other groups, CUS was performed in CAR nonlacunar (75.6%), CAR lacunar (76.5%), IND (80.2%), and BOTH (80.8%). There was no difference in CUS use in patients with a lacunar vs. nonlacunar presentation (p=0.816). An adjustment stratified by center among sites with at least 20 patients produced the same statistical significance (p<0.001). Conclusions: There appears to be an underutilization of CUS exams in AA patients with carotid territory strokes, especially for patients with a nonlacunar mechanism. This may lead to decreased performance of potentially valuable stroke prevention measures such as carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic AA patients.

scholarly journals Impact of Exclusive English Language Use in Physiology Lecture on Student’s Physiology Learning in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Mohammad Uzire Azam Khan ◽  
Mohammad Mohaimenul Abedin
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Individual Component ◽  
Pass Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Impact

Background: Medical students of Bangladesh have to encounter English as learning media. But teachers often do not use English exclusively in their lectures thinking that students may not understand English clearly.Objective: To assess the impact of exclusive use of English language in physiology lectures on student’s learning.Method: This comparative study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Abdul Malek Ukil Medical College, Noakhali, Bangladesh during January – November, 2013. One hundred and sixteen first year MBBS students of two sessions of a government medical college were enrolled for the study by purposive sampling. Exclusive English was used in physiology lectures of 1st term course for the students of 2012-2013 session (group EE) and mixed Bengali and English was used to teach the students of 2011-2012 session (group BE). First term examination results were compared by Student’s ‘t’ test and Chi-square test as applicable.Result: The students of EE obtained significantly higher mean marks both in written (p<0.001) and oral (p<0.001) examinations than those of group BE. However there was no significant difference between groups in pass rate (p>0.05)).Conclusion: The students who attended the lectures with exclusive English obtained better marks in individual component of assessment than the students who attended the lectures with mixed Bengali and English. However, English language use in teaching showed no effect on the pass rate.Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2017, June; 12(1): 28-32

A Study of Three Variants of Gerund Construction from the Contrastive Perspective of Social and Natural Academic Abstracts on Construction Grammar Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-230
Author(s):  
Yan Jin ◽  
Mingtuo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Basic Characteristics

Abstract English gerund construction is a system composed of 3 variants, including “Gerund + ø”, “Gerund + of + NP”, and “Gerund + NP”. The noun and verb attributes of the 3 variants are recursive, and in theory their frequencies vary regularly in different styles. An abstract is placed before the beginning of an academic papers, which has the basic characteristics of conciseness and generalization, and has special requirements for the use of gerunds. The purpose of this study was to empirically explore the system of gerund construction in abstracts of natural science and social science papers, and to specifically explore the inherent characteristics of noun and verb properties of the 3 variants. For this purpose, two corpora were constructed, one is about abstracts of natural science papers, and the other is about abstracts of social science papers. Finally, the results of chi-square test showed that there was no significant difference in the frequencies of the 3 variants in the abstracts of natural science and social science papers, and the two corpora can be studied as a whole. In the combined corpus, there were significant differences in the frequencies of the 3 gerund variants. The frequencies of these 3 variants and their gerund properties showed a recursive change.

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