Association between residential greenness and cognitive function: analysis of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey

IntroductionProximity to vegetated green space has been linked to better physical and mental health. However, the relationship between residential greenness and cognitive function and its decline among older adults is not clear in large cohort studies.MethodsOur study used the 2000, 2002, 2005, 2008 and 2011 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. We calculated the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using a 500 m radius around participants’ residential addresses. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was applied to measure cognitive function. Our study included the cross-sectional analysis using the linear regression, and logistical regression, and also the longitudinal analysis using the linear mixed effects regression, and mixed effects logistic regression. Our study also conducted a sensitivity analysis using the survey-weighted regression. Additionally, our study participants were categorised into those living in areas of positive and negative changes in NDVI in relation to MMSE. All regression models were adjusted for a range of covariates.ResultsAmong 38 327 participants at baseline, the mean MMSE score was 21. Annual average NDVI ranged from −0.11 to 0.76. In the cross-sectional analysis, each 0.1-unit increase in NDVI was associated with a 0.23-point increase in MMSE score (95% CI 0.16 to 0.29) in the linear regression, and an OR of 0.94 (95% CI 0.92 to 0.96) of having cognition impairment in the logistic regression. In the second analysis, looking at changes in NDVI and MMSE score, compared with the participants living in areas with an increase in NDVI, those living in areas with a decrease in greenness had an OR of 1.25 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.34) of a decrease in MMSE, and an OR of 0.90 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.96) of an increase in MMSE. In the longitudinal analysis, we found a significantly weak association (coefficient 0.069, 95% CI 0.0048 to 0.13) in the linear mixed effects regression, but not in the mixed effects logistic regression.ConclusionWe found evidence of an association between higher residential greenness and better cognitive function among older adults. Our finding provides insight into neurodegeneration and has implications for preventing dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in China.

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Cross-Sectional Examination of Homocysteine Levels with Sarcopenia and Its Components in Memory Clinic Outpatients

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-210083 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Yosuke Yamada ◽

Hiroyuki Umegaki ◽

Fumie Kinoshita ◽

Chi Hsien Huang ◽

Taiki Sugimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Memory Clinic ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Homocysteine is a common risk factor for cognitive impairment and sarcopenia. However, very few studies have shown an association between sarcopenia and serum homocysteine levels after adjustment for cognitive function. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between homocysteine and sarcopenia in memory clinic patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated outpatients in a memory clinic. We enrolled 1,774 participants (≥65 years old) with measured skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), hand grip strength (HGS), and homocysteine. All participants had undergone cognitive assessments and were diagnosed with dementia, mild cognitive impairment, or normal cognition. Patient characteristics were compared according to sarcopenia presence, SMI level, or HGS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association of homocysteine with sarcopenia, low SMI, or low HGS. Next, linear regression analysis was performed using HGS as a continuous variable. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that low HGS was significantly associated with homocysteine levels (p = 0.002), but sarcopenia and low SMI were not. In linear regression analysis, HGS was negatively associated with homocysteine levels after adjustment for Mini-Mental State Examination score (β= –2.790, p < 0.001) or clinical diagnosis of dementia (β= –3.145, p < 0.001). These results were similar for men and women. Conclusion: Our results showed a negative association between homocysteine and HGS after adjustment for cognitive function. Our findings strengthen the assumed association between homocysteine and HGS. Further research is needed to determine whether lower homocysteine levels lead to prevent muscle weakness.

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Social support network typologies and their association with dementia and depression among older adults in Singapore: a cross-sectional analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025303 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. e025303 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ying Wen Lau ◽

Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar ◽

Edimansyah Abdin ◽

Saleha Shafie ◽

Anitha Jeyagurunathan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Older Adults ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Support Network ◽

Social Support Network ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

The Social ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

Network Type

ObjectivesTo examine the social support network type and its associations with depression and dementia among older adults in Singapore.DesignThis study is a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Well-being of the Singapore Elderly study. The Practitioner Assessment of Network Type was used to identify five social support network types. Odds Ratios (OR) of dementia and depression were estimated with logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression, respectively, adjusted for sociodemographic variables.SettingSingapore.Outcome measures10/66 criteria and Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy computer algorithm.Participants2421 older adults aged 60 years and above, and their informants.ResultsLogistic regression revealed that as compared with participants in the family dependent social support network type, those in the locally integrated social support network type were negatively associated with dementia. It was observed that it is the older adults’ perception of the quality of social interaction that influences the likelihood of depression.ConclusionThe social support network typology presents knowledge about the older adults’ social network profile and their cognitive functioning-ability which would help stakeholders better identify older adults who might be at risk of cognitive decline or experiencing delay in diagnosis of dementia.

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The role of cognitive function in the relationship between age and health literacy: a cross-sectional analysis of older adults in Chicago, USA

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007222 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. e007222-e007222 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

L. C. Kobayashi ◽

S. G. Smith ◽

R. O'Conor ◽

L. M. Curtis ◽

D. Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Health Literacy ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

The Relationship

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Abstract P339: Glycemic Excursions and Cognitive Function in Older Adults With Diabetes

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.131.suppl_1.p339 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Andreea Rawlings ◽

A. Richey Sharrett ◽

Nisa Maruthur ◽

Christina Parrinello ◽

Casey Rebholz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cognitive Domains ◽

Z Scores ◽

The Mean ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽

Physician Diagnosis

Introduction: The association between glucose excursions and cognitive function in older adults with diabetes is not well described. 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a novel biomarker of hyperglycemic excursions. Low 1,5-AG levels reflect blood glucose concentrations exceeding the renal filtration threshold (~180 mg/dl) over the prior 1-2 weeks. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that glucose excursions, as measured by 1,5-AG, were associated with lower cognitive function in older adults with diabetes. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 2000 participants with diabetes from ARIC visit 5 (2011-2013). Diabetes was defined based on self-reported physician diagnosis, diabetes medication use, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. Eleven neuropsychological tests were summarized using Z scores and were grouped into three cognitive domains representing memory, executive function, and language; a global measure of cognitive function was also calculated by averaging and standardizing scores from all tests. 1,5-AG was dichotomized at 10 μg/mL, with values <10 μg/mL reflecting glycemic excursions. Participants were categorized into one of four groups based on 1,5-AG categories and glycemic control (HbA1c <7% vs ≥7%). We used linear regression and adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: The mean age of participants was 75 years, 57% were female, and 78% were white. For persons with HbA1c ≥7%, the adjusted differences in cognitive scores comparing 1,5-AG <10 to 1,5-AG ≥10 ug/mL were significantly lower in all domains except memory (Figure). For persons with HbA1c <7%, there were no significant differences in cognitive scores between 1,5-AG categories. Conclusions: Short-term glucose excursions are independently associated with lower cognitive scores in older adults with diabetes and with poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥7%). Prospective studies are needed to determine if targeting hyperglycemic excursions can improve cognitive function in older adults with diabetes.

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Protective Lifestyle Factors and Cognitive Function in a Middle- to Older-Aged Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120000221 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Laxmi Gautam ◽

Sean Millar ◽

Ivan J. Perry ◽

Janas Harrington

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cognitive Score ◽

Lifestyle Behaviours ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Sectional Analysis

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCognitive impairment among the elderly is an important concern worldwide. Evidence suggests that certain lifestyle behaviours may have a protective effect against cognitive decline. In this study we examined the relationship between a 5-component protective lifestyle behaviour score and cognitive function to determine whether the number of protective lifestyle behaviours is related to cognitive decline.Materials and MethodsThis was a cross-sectional analysis of the Mitchelstown Cohort Rescreen study, a random sample of men and women aged 51–77 years recruited from a single primary care centre. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) and cognitive data were available for 1,022 participants. Cognitive impairment was classified as an upper 75th percentile reversed MMSE score value for the study sample. We defined 5 low-risk protective lifestyle behaviours as never smoking, moderate alcohol intake, moderate to vigorous physical activity, a high-quality diet score (upper 40%) and a body mass index between 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to test associations between a protective factor score and the MMSE.ResultsThere was a linear relationship between the number of protective lifestyle behaviours and mean cognitive score values and a significant inverse association was observed between a protective lifestyle score and the MMSE cognitive score (β = -0.20, 95% CI: -0.30, -0.10). Logistic regression suggested a dose-response relationship, with odds ratios of having poorer cognitive functioning being noticeably increased in subjects with 0 or 1 PLBs (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.06, 4.52) when compared to participants with 4 or 5 PLBs in multivariable analysis.ConclusionsThese data imply that a combination of healthy lifestyle behaviours protects against cognitive impairment. As all of the examined factors are modifiable, small behavioural changes may help in preventing cognitive decline in an elderly population.

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Self-efficacy and Physical and Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Multiple Sclerosis

International Journal of MS Care ◽

10.7224/1537-2073.2018-001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 63-69

Author(s):

Rachel E. Bollaert ◽

Robert W. Motl

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Physical Function ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Future Research ◽

Demographic Shift ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: There is evidence of a demographic shift in the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) such that it is now common in older adults. Older adults with MS undergo declines in function, and aging with MS may compromise one's perception of confidence for managing this disease and its manifestations. This cross-sectional study examined the associations between self-efficacy and physical and cognitive function in older (≥ 60 years) adults with MS. Methods: The sample included 40 older adults with MS who completed the Multiple Sclerosis Self-efficacy (MSSE) Scale, undertook measures of physical and cognitive function, and wore an accelerometer for 7 days. The data were analyzed using partial Spearman correlations and linear regression. Results: Correlation analyses indicated that function, but not control, subscale scores on the MSSE Scale correlated with all measures of physical, but not cognitive, function. Linear regression analyses indicated that the function subscale of the MSSE Scale was the only variable that consistently explained variance in physical function outcomes. Conclusions: The findings are novel evidence of the association between self-efficacy for function and physical function outcomes in older adults with MS. Future research on self-efficacy is warranted with the goal of improving physical function in older adults with MS.

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Association Between Social Capital and Obesity Among Older Adults in China: A Cross-sectional Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-117810/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Le Yang ◽

Jingmin Cheng

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Social Capital ◽

Final Analysis ◽

The Elderly ◽

Social Activities ◽

Health Issues ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthy Longevity ◽

Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background: Under the global aging trend, health issues of the elderly have received more and more attention. Among them, older adults’ obesity is one of the common health problems of the elderly. There are few studies on the association between social capital and obesity in the elderly. We examined whether social capital was associated with obesity in the elderly.Methods: The data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) —wave 8 (2017–2018) was used in this study. Totally, 9551 respondents were included in the final analysis. Generalized trust, informal social interaction and participation of organized social activities were used as measures of social capital. Body mass index (BMI) were used as outcomes. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between the social capital and health outcomes, adjusting for confounders.Results: We found that the elderly who did not trust people around them had greater odds of being obese compared to those who trust people around them [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 1.117, 95% CI 1.006 to 1.229]. The elderly interacting with friends (AOR 1.240, 95% CI 1.006 to 1.229) and participating in organized social activities (AOR 1.182, 95% CI 1.062 to 1.301) registered considerably higher BMI.Conclusions: These results confirm the importance of social capital in older adults’ obesity prevention in China, all dimensions of social capital are associated with obesity in the elderly. Furthermore, the positive and negative effects of social capital on obesity in the elderly should be more considered and examined.

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Physical Health and Cognitive Function Independently Contributed to Functional Disability among Chinese Older Adults: Data from Two Asian Metropolises

Journal of Aging Research ◽

10.4061/2011/960848 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lei Feng ◽

Tze-Pin Ng ◽

Yanling He ◽

Chunbo Li ◽

Ee-Heok Kua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Physical Health ◽

Functional Disability ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chinese Older Adults ◽

Ageing Study ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

State Examination

Objective. We aimed to examine the independent contributions of physical health and cognitive function to disability among Chinese older adults living in two Asian metropolises and explore the potential influences of environment.Design and Participants. Cross-sectional analysis based on data from two population-based studies: the Shanghai Survey of Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia (n=4639) and the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study (n=2397). Disability was defined as needing help in at least one activity of daily living.Results. The prevalence of functional disability was higher in Shanghai sample (5%) than that in Singapore sample (1.8%). Number of chronic diseases, self-rated health status, cognitive function (measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination), and environment (Singapore versus Shanghai) significantly contributed to functional disability independent of each other. The adjusted Odds Ratio was 1.35 (95%CI 1.22–1.50), 2.85 (95% CI 2.36–3.43), 0.89 (95% CI 0.85–0.94), and 0.68 (95% CI 0.48–0.96), respectively. The strength of associations between health variables and disability appeared to be influenced by environment.Conclusion. Physical health and cognitive function independently contributed to functional disability. The associations are modulated by environmental factors.

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Frailty Severity and Cognitive Impairment Associated with Dietary Diversity in Older Adults in Taiwan

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020418 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 418

Author(s):

Wei-Ching Huang ◽

Yi-Chen Huang ◽

Meei-Shyuan Lee ◽

Hsing-Yi Chang ◽

Jia-Yau Doong

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Mmse Score ◽

International Association ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cognitive Frailty ◽

Dietary Recall

This study aims to investigate whether frailty severity in conjunction with cognitive function, termed as” cognitive frailty”, is associated with dietary diversity in older adults. This cross-sectional study used the data from the 2014–2016 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (N = 1115; age ≥ 65 years). Dietary intake was assessed using a 24 h dietary recall and food-frequency questionnaire, and dietary diversity score (DDS; range, 0–6) and food intake frequency were calculated. The presence of frailty phenotypes was determined using the FRAIL scale, which was proposed by the International Association of Nutrition and Aging, and cognitive function was assessed using the Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. The prevalence of cognitive frailty (FRAIL scale score ≥ 3 and MMSE score ≤ 26) was 4.2%. A higher consumption frequency of dairy products, whole grains, vegetables, fruit, fish and seafood, nuts, tea, and coffee, as well as lower pickled vegetable, was inversely associated with cognitive frailty. Those with prefrailty or frailty and lower DDS demonstrated a higher cognitive impairment risk (adjust odds ratio (OR) = 2.15, 95% confidence interval = 1.21–3.83) than those without frailty and higher DDS. Older adults with cognitive prefrailty or cognitive frailty were associated with lower DDS, and frailty with lower DDS was associated with worsening cognitive function.

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Social participation and depressive symptoms of carer-employees of older adults in Canada: a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

Can J Public Health ◽

10.17269/s41997-021-00524-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Li Wang ◽

Chris Ji ◽

Peter Kitchen ◽

Allison Williams

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Social Participation ◽

Stress Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Workplace Policies ◽

Sectional Analysis

Abstract Objectives This study used two waves of data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) to investigate the association between social participation and depressive symptoms in carer-employees (CEs) and non-carer-employees (NCEs). Methods Adopting Pearlin et al.’s stress model, multivariate linear regression was used to examine the relationships among carer role, social participation, and depressive symptoms in Canadian employees using the first two waves of CLSA data, while controlling for possible confounders. Results Higher levels of social participation were found to be associated with lower depressive symptoms in both waves. Social participation was found to moderate depressive symptoms for CEs when compared with NCEs in Wave 2 but not in Wave 1. Conclusion The present study highlights the importance of social participation in reducing CEs’ depressive symptoms. The findings provide support for innovative policy and intervention efforts to encourage and enhance social participation at work via carer-friendly workplace policies for CEs across Canada.

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