scholarly journals Understanding determinants of unequal distribution of stillbirth in Tehran, Iran: a concentration index decomposition approach

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. e013644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Almasi-Hashiani ◽  
Mahdi Sepidarkish ◽  
Saeid Safiri ◽  
Esmaeil Khedmati Morasae ◽  
Yahya Shadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Index ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Negative Contribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Decomposition Approach

ObjectiveThe present inquiry set to determine the economic inequality in history of stillbirth and understanding determinants of unequal distribution of stillbirth in Tehran, Iran.MethodsA population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 5170 pregnancies in Tehran, Iran, since 2015. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to measure the asset-based economic status. Concentration index was used to measure socioeconomic inequality in stillbirth and then decomposed into its determinants.ResultsThe concentration index and its 95% CI for stillbirth was −0.121 (−0.235 to −0.002). Decomposition of the concentration index showed that mother’s education (50%), mother’s occupation (30%), economic status (26%) and father’s age (12%) had the highest positive contributions to measured inequality in stillbirth history in Tehran. Mother’s age (17%) had the highest negative contribution to inequality.ConclusionsStillbirth is unequally distributed among Iranian women and is mostly concentrated among low economic status people. Mother-related factors had the highest positive and negative contributions to inequality, highlighting specific interventions for mothers to redress inequality.

Why caesarean is more unequally concentrated among better-off people in Tehran? A concentration index decomposition approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Omani-Samani ◽  
Amir Almasi-Hashiani ◽  
Saeid Safiri ◽  
Mahroo Rezaeinejad ◽  
Fatemeh Shokri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequality ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Decomposition Approach

BackgroundIran, as one of the low-income and middle-income countries, has experienced a remarkable increase in the caesarean section (CS) rate during the past three decades. Although several studies have been conducted on the prevalence and risk factors affecting CS, but few studies were done regarding socioeconomic factors influencing the CS rate. The aim of this study was to identify socioeconomic inequalities and its determinants in CS in Tehran, capital of Iran.MethodsA population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 5170 pregnancies in Tehran, since 2015. Principal component analysis was applied to measure the asset-based economic status. Concentration index was used to measure socioeconomic inequality in CS and then decomposed in to its determinants.ResultsThe concentration index and its 95% CI for CS history was 0.102 (0.091 to 0.112). Decomposition of the concentration index showed that economic status had the largest contribution (49.2%) to socioeconomic inequality in CS. Mother’s education (14.9%), father’s occupation (13.3%) and father’s nationality (9.7%) had the next high positive contribution to measured inequality in CS, respectively.ConclusionsCS is mostly concentrated among women with high economic status. The identified contributing factors should be addressed to decrease the socioeconomic inequalities as possible.

scholarly journals Socio-economic inequality in unhealthy snacks consumption among adolescent students in Iran: a concentration index decomposition analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2179-2188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi ◽  
Arash Rashidian ◽  
Mostafa Amini Rarani
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Index ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Unhealthy Snacks

AbstractObjective:The present study aimed to assess and decompose the socio-economic inequality in unhealthy snacks consumption among adolescent students in Kerman, Iran.Design:The data were obtained from a cross-sectional study. Principal component analysis was done to measure the socio-economic status (SES) of the adolescents’ families and the normalized concentration index (NCI) was used to measure the inequality in unhealthy snacks consumption among adolescent students of different SES. The contributions of environmental and individual explanatory variables to inequality were assessed by decomposing the concentration index.Setting:Forty secondary schools of Kerman Province in Iran in 2015.Participants:Eighth-grade adolescent students (n 1320).Results:The data of 1242 adolescent students were completed for the current study. Unhealthy snacks consumption was unequally distributed among adolescent students and was concentrated mainly among the high-SES adolescents (NCI = 0·179; 95 % CI 0·056, 0·119). The decomposition showed that higher SES (62 %) and receiving pocket money allowance (31 %), as environmental variables, had the highest positive contributions to the measured inequality in unhealthy snacks consumption. Taste and sensory perception (7 %) as well as cost sensitivity (5 %), as individual variables, followed them in terms of their contribution importance.Conclusions:It is highly suggested that both environmental and individual factors should be addressed at different settings including schools, families and suppliers of unhealthy snacks. These findings can help future health promotion strategies in Iran to tackle the observed inequality in unhealthy snacks consumption.

FOOD CONSUMPTION OF CHILDREN AGED 1 TO 5 IN PHUOC VINH WARD, HUE CITY BY 24 HOURS FOOD RECORDING

2015 ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
Thi Bach Yen Hoang ◽  
Thi Hai Pham ◽  
Dinh Tuyen Hoang ◽  
Thi Huong Le ◽  
Van Thang Vo
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
Food Consumed

Food consumption survey is an essential parts of nutrition surveys. It helps to determine the type and quantity of food consumed, assessing the balance of the diet, the relationship between nutrient intake and health, diseases, and economic status, culture society... There are many methods to investigate food consumption. 24-hour food record is a method that record all food consumed by the subject during previous 24 hours. Using this method in chidren helps to assess the their diet to see if it responses the demand in order to have proper nutrition. Objectives: 1. Calculating the number of each food groups consumed within 24 hours of children 1 to 5 years in Phuoc Vinh ward, Hue City; 2. Assessing the quality of their diet and some related factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was implemented on 200 pairs of children aged 1 to 5 and parents or caregivers living in Phuoc Vinh ward, Hue city and some related factors. Results: 82% of the children’s diets covered 4 food groups. Prevalence of glucide, protein, lipide out of the total energy intake were 44.1%, 19.5%, 36.3% respectively within group of 12-<48 months and 50%, 19.5%, 30.6% respectively within group of 48-<72 months. Total energy and protein intake were higher than demanded (p <0.05) while glucide and lipide were lower than demanded (p <0.05). Economical status of family was significant associated with variety of food (all 4 food groups) in the diet of children (p <0.05) and total energy consumed (p <0.05). Conclusion: The children did not have proper nutrition so further research need to be implemented to have suitable interventions. Key words: 24 hours food records, children aged 1 to 5, Hue city.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Status and Prevalence of Self-Reported Osteoporosis in Tehran: Results from a Large Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study (Urban HEART-2)

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Asadi-Lari ◽  
Y. Salimi ◽  
M. R. Vaez-Mahdavi ◽  
S. Faghihzadeh ◽  
A. A. Haeri Mehrizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status

scholarly journals Examining the prevalence, correlates and inequalities of undiagnosed hypertension in Nepal: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e037592
Author(s):  
Md. Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Fariha Tasnim ◽  
Md. Tariqujjaman ◽  
Sayem Ahmed ◽  
Anne Cleary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Social Health Insurance ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension

ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence, correlates and sociodemographic inequalities of undiagnosed hypertension in Nepal.DesignThis study used cross-sectional 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data. Undiagnosed patients with hypertension were defined as an NDHS respondent who was diagnosed as hypertensive (systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg) during the survey, but never took any prescribed anti-hypertensive medicine to lower/control blood pressure and was never identified as having hypertension by a health professional prior the survey. Multiple binary logistic regression analysis was performed, and Concentration Index was measured.SettingNepal.ParticipantsAdult patients with hypertension.ResultsAmong 3334 patients with hypertension, 50.4% remained undiagnosed during the survey in Nepal. Adjusted model reveals that patients who were male, belonged to households other than the highest wealth quintile, and lived in province 4 and province 5 were at higher risk of remaining undiagnosed for hypertension. Patients who were ≥65 years of age and were overweight/obese were at lower risk of remaining undiagnosed for hypertension. The poor-rich gap was 24.6 percentage points (Q1=64.1% vs Q5=39.6%) and poor:rich ratio was 1.6 (Q1/Q5=1.6) in the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension. Undiagnosed hypertension was disproportionately higher among lower socioeconomic status groups (Concentration Index, C=−0.18). Inequalities in the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension further varied across other geographic locations, including place of residence, ecological zones and administrative provinces.ConclusionsUndiagnosed hypertension was highly prevalent in Nepal and there were substantial inequalities by sociodemographics and subnational levels. Increasing awareness, strengthening routine screening to diagnose hypertension at primary health service facilities and enactment of social health insurance policy may help Nepal to prevent and control this burden.

scholarly journals Determinants of Health-Related Quality of Life in Rural Elderly People of the West of Iran: A Population-Based, Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Marjan Hosseinpour ◽  
Mohammad Esmaeilpour Aghdam ◽  
Masumeh Piri ◽  
Farzad Maleki
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Background and aims: World’s older population is growing, and attention is being directed to the improvement of their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This article was conducted to investigate the HRQoL and associated factors in rural elderly residents in west of Iran. Methods: By using the multistage sampling method, 346 elders from rural areas of Shahindezh were enrolled in this population-based, cross-sectional study conducted in 2014. To assess the HRQoL of the elderly people, the Leiden-Padua (LEIPAD) questionnaire was used. The economic status was classified into 3 categories (good, moderate, and low) using the principal component analysis. Descriptive statistics, independent t test, ANOVA, and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to analyze data. Multivariate linear regression was performed to determine predictive factors. Results: The mean values and confidence intervals of total core scale and total moderator scale were 38.6 (36.7-40.6) and 31.2 (29.6-32.6), respectively. Univariate analysis showed age, marital status, economic status, occupation, income source, and ethnicity were associated with HRQoL (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed the married, the illiterate, widows/widowers and the divorced, people with low economic status, and the self-employed had low HRQoL with respect to total scale and total core scale models (P<0.05). Conclusion: HRQoL varies according to socioeconomic factors. Its determinants should be addressed in social and health policies designed to improve the health of older people, especially the most vulnerable groups.

scholarly journals Urban and rural dietary patterns are associated with anthropometric and biochemical indicators of nutritional status of adolescent Mozambican girls

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena H Hauta-alus ◽  
Liisa Korkalo ◽  
Riitta Freese ◽  
Carina Ismael ◽  
Marja Mutanen
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Resource Setting

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to explore whether dietary patterns (DP) are associated with nutritional status indicators among adolescent Mozambican girls.Design/Setting/SubjectsIn this population-based cross-sectional study we used the FFQ data of 547 girls aged 14–19 years from Central Mozambique to derive dietary patterns by means of principal component analysis. We used two-level linear regression models to examine the associations between the DP and anthropometric and biochemical indicators of nutritional status.ResultsWe identified three DP: ‘Urban bread and fats’, ‘Rural meat and vegetables’ and ‘Rural cassava and coconut’. The ‘Urban bread and fats’ DP was positively associated with BMI-for-age Z-score (BMIZ), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), triceps skinfold (P for all<0·001) and blood Hb (P=0·025). A negative association was observed between the ‘Urban bread and fats’ DP and serum folate (P<0·001). The ‘Rural meat and vegetables’ DP and the ‘Rural cassava and coconut’ DP were associated negatively with BMIZ, MUAC and triceps skinfold (P for all<0·05), but the ‘Rural meat and vegetables’ DP was associated positively with serum ferritin (P=0·007).ConclusionsUrban and rural DP were associated with nutritional status indicators. In a low-resource setting, urban diets may promote body fat storage and blood Hb concentrations but compromise serum folate concentration. It is important to continue valuing the traditional, rural foods that are high in folate.

scholarly journals Prevalence, correlates and help-seeking behaviour for depressive symptoms in rural Uganda: a population-based survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ssebunnya ◽  
G. Medhin ◽  
S. Kangere ◽  
F. Kigozi ◽  
J. Nakku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Past History ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviour

Background.Depression is a common disorder characterized by delayed help-seeking, often remaining undetected and untreated.Objectives.We sought to estimate the proportion of adults in Kamuli District with depressive symptoms and to assess their help-seeking behaviour.Methods.This was a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in a rural district in Uganda. Sampling of study participants was done using the probability proportional to size method. Screening for depression was done using Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The participants who screened positive also reported on whether and where they had sought treatment. Data collected using PHQ-9 was used both as a symptom-based description of depression and algorithm diagnosis of major depression. All data analysis was done using STATA version 13.Results.With a cut-off score of ⩾10, 6.4% screened positive for current depressive symptoms and 23.6% reported experiencing depressive symptoms in the past 12 months. The majority of individuals who screened positive for current depression (75.6%) were females. In a crude analysis, people with lower education, middle age and low socio-economic status were more likely to have depressive symptoms. Help-seeking was low, with only 18.9% of the individuals who screened positive for current depression having sought treatment from a health worker.Conclusion.Depressive symptoms are common in the study district with low levels of help-seeking practices. People with lower levels of education, low socio-economic status and those in middle age are more likely to be affected by these symptoms. Most persons with current depression had past history of depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Social Determinants of Hypertension among Adults in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based National Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Peltzer ◽  
Supa Pengpid
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Control

Background. Hypertension is the most significant avoidable cause of morbidity and mortality, yet nationally representative adult data on Indonesia have not been available. The study aimed at assessing the prevalence and determinants of hypertension, including sociodemographic variables, weight status, health behaviour, and psychosocial stress and support risk factors. Methods. The Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS-5) interviewed and examined in a national population-based cross-sectional study 29965 individuals aged 18 years and older, mean age 43.3 years (SD=15.3). Blood pressure, body height and weight, dietary behaviour, physical activity, tobacco use, and psychosocial variables were measured. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate determinants of hypertension by gender. Results. The prevalence of hypertension among study participants was 33.4 % (95 % CI: 32.7-34.0), among males 31.0% (95% CI: 30.2, 31.9), and among females 35.4% (95% CI: 34.6, 36.3). Among hypertensives, 42.9% were aware, 11.5% were treated, and 14.3% were controlled. In fully adjusted analyses, in both men and women, older age, no or elementary education, being overweight or obese, and having visited an outpatients health facility in the past 4 weeks were positively associated hypertension. Significant linear relationships of hypertension were found with age (P for trend <0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (P for trend < 0.001). In addition, among men having quit tobacco use and depressive symptoms were positively associated with hypertension, while current tobacco use was negatively associated with hypertension. Moreover, among women lower subjective economic status was associated with hypertension. Conclusions. The prevalence of hypertension was high and awareness was low, and treatment and control were very low. Significant multilevel public health interventions are urgently needed to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and control of hypertension in Indonesia.

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