scholarly journals The relationship between school type and academic performance at medical school: a national, multi-cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e016291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Kumwenda ◽  
Jennifer A Cleland ◽  
Kim Walker ◽  
Amanda J Lee ◽  
Rachel Greatrix
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Independent Schools ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Student Diversity ◽  
School Type ◽  
Educational Performance ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectivesDifferential attainment in school examinations is one of the barriers to increasing student diversity in medicine. However, studies on the predictive validity of prior academic achievement and educational performance at medical school are contradictory, possibly due to single-site studies or studies which focus only on early years’ performance. To address these gaps, we examined the relationship between sociodemographic factors, including school type and average educational performance throughout medical school across a large number of diverse medical programmes.MethodsThis retrospective study analysed data from students who graduated from 33 UK medical schools between 2012 and 2013. We included candidates’ demographics, pre-entry grades (adjusted Universities and Colleges Admissions Service tariff scores) preadmission test scores (UK Clinical Aptitude Test (UKCAT) and Graduate Medical School Admissions Test (GAMSAT)) and used the UK Foundation Programme’s educational performance measure (EPM) decile as an outcome measure. Logistic regression was used to assess the independent relationship between students’ background characteristics and EPM ranking.ResultsStudents from independent schools had significantly higher mean UKCAT scores (2535.1, SD=209.6) than students from state-funded schools (2506.1, SD=224.0, p<0.001). Similarly, students from independent schools came into medical school with significantly higher mean GAMSAT scores (63.9, SD=6.9) than students from state-funded schools (60.8, SD=7.1, p<0.001). However, students from state-funded schools were almost twice as likely (OR=2.01, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.73) to finish in the highest rank of the EPM ranking than those who attended independent schools.ConclusionsThis is the first large-scale study to examine directly the relationship between school type and overall performance at medical school. Our findings provide modest supportive evidence that, when students from independent and state schools enter with similar pre-entry grades, once in medical school, students from state-funded schools are likely to outperform students from independent schools. This evidence contributes to discussions around contextualising medical admission.

The relationship between hand preference, hand performance, and general cognitive ability

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL E.R. NICHOLLS ◽  
HEIDI L. CHAPMAN ◽  
TOBIAS LOETSCHER ◽  
GINA M. GRIMSHAW
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hand Preference ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Preference Data ◽  
Hand Performance ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe idea that handedness indicates something about a person’s cognitive ability and personality is a perennial issue. A variety of models have been put forward to explain this relationship and predict a range of outcomes from higher levels of cognitive ability in left-handers or moderate right-handers to lower levels of achievement in left- or mixed-handers. We tested these models using a sample (n = 895) drawn from the BRAINnet database (www.brainnet.net). Participants completed a general cognitive ability (GCA) scale and a test of hand preference/performance. Moderate right-handers, as indexed by their performance measures, had higher GCA scores compared with strong left- or right-handers. The performance measure also showed lower levels of GCA for left-handers compared with right-handers. The hand preference data showed little or no association with cognitive ability—perhaps because this measure clusters individuals toward the extremes of the handedness distribution. While adding support to Annett’s heterozygous advantage model, which predicts a cognitive disadvantage for strong left- or right-handers, the data also confirm recent research showing a GCA disadvantage for left-handers. Although this study demonstrates that handedness is related to cognitive ability, the effects are subtle and might only be identified in large-scale studies with sensitive measures of hand performance. (JINS, 2010, 16, 585–592.)

Effect of math-specific self-efficacy on math literacy: Evidence from a Greek survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-36
Author(s):  
Jehanzeb R Cheema
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
School Level ◽  
School Type ◽  
School Students ◽  
Parental Occupation ◽  
Math Literacy

Prior research has suggested a strong link between student-level psychological constructs such as self-efficacy and achievement in academics. In this study, we looked at the relationship between math self-efficacy and mathematics literacy using a large-scale survey from Greece. Our analytical results show that there is a strong association between math self-efficacy and math literacy among Greek high school students, and that this association persists even after controlling for student-level differences such as age, grade, gender, parental education, parental occupation, family wealth, cultural possessions, and availability of educational resources at home, and school-level differences such as school type, school size, student–teacher ratio, and school-level socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals 245 An Introduction to Surgery: Effectiveness of An Online, Lecture-Based Programme in Providing Surgical Career Guidance for Pre-Clinical Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kelada ◽  
M Kawka ◽  
J Komor
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Lecture Series ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Surgical Career ◽  
Online Lecture ◽  
Student’S T

Abstract Aim Early exposure to surgery has been found to impact medical students’ decisions to pursue a career in surgery. Despite this, students are often not exposed to surgical specialties until senior years of medical school. The aim of this study was to determine if a student-led, three-month online lecture series can facilitate early exposure to surgical careers. Method Participants volunteered to complete pre- and post-lecture questionnaires. The four domains discussed across the lecture series included: what a surgical career entails, the day-to-day life of a surgeon, advances in surgery and surgical portfolio. Participants self-rated confidence in the knowledge of each of the four domains was measured on a five-step Likert scale. Changes in perceived confidence were measured using a paired Student’s t-test. Data were analysed using R 4.03 (Vienna, Austria). The threshold of significance was &lt;0.05. Results A total of 45 respondents completed both pre- and post-lecture questionnaires. Most respondents (57.8%) were first- or second-year students. Following the course, there was a significant increase in confidence across all four domains investigated (mean rating 2.64 vs 4.07, p &lt; 0.001). More than 9 out of 10 respondents (99.3%) gained new knowledge and (95.2%) agreed that an online event format did not hinder their learning. Conclusions Student-led online lecture series can increase knowledge of core concepts pertaining to a career in surgery for pre-clinical students. The findings provide a basis for further large-scale investigation of surgical education during early years of medical school and for the potential value of extracurricular, student- or trainee-led courses.

scholarly journals Relationship between Internet addiction and sleep disturbance in high school students: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikiko Tokiya ◽  
Osamu Itani ◽  
Yuichiro Otsuka ◽  
Yoshitaka Kaneita
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Japanese Adolescents ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The increase in the number of Internet users has increased Internet dependence worldwide. In adolescents, this dependence may interfere with sleep, which is important for the development of psychophysiological capabilities. However, few large-scale surveys have described the relationship between Internet addiction (IA) and sleep disturbance using standardized questionnaires. We conducted a survey in one prefecture in Japan to determine the relationship between sleep disturbance and IA in adolescents based on the categories of the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ).Methods: In 2016, high school students (N=10,405, age range: 15–16 years) in all 54 daytime high schools in the selected prefecture were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. Participants with scores > 5.5 points on the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were defined as having a sleep disturbance. IA was evaluated using the YDQ: Participants with five to eight YDQ items present were classified as having IA; those with three or four items present were classified as “at risk of IA”; and those with two or less YDQ items were classified as “non-IA”. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with sleep disturbance as the dependent variable, IA as the explanatory variable, and adjustments for eight other variables.Results: High YDQ scores were associated with a high prevalence of sleep disturbance in boys and girls. These findings persisted after controlling for other factors in the multiple regression model.Conclusions: Among Japanese adolescents, there was a significant independent relationship between IA and sleep disturbance.

scholarly journals ‘10% of your medical students will cause 90% of your problems’: a prospective correlational study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e038472
Author(s):  
Marina Sawdon ◽  
JC McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Correlational Study ◽  
Situational Judgement Test ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesOur aim was to explore the relationship between medical student Conscientiousness Index scores and indicators of later clinical performance held in the UK Medical Education Database (UKMED). Objectives were to determine whether conscientiousness in first-year and second-year medical students predicts later performance in medical school and in early practice. Policy implications would permit targeted remediation where necessary or aid in selection.DesignA prospective correlational study.SettingA single UK medical school and early years of practice, 2005–2018.ParticipantsThe data were obtained from the UKMED on 858 students. Full outcome data was available for variable numbers of participants, as described in the text.Main outcome measuresScores on the UK Foundation Programme Office’s Situational Judgement Test (SJT) and Educational Performance Measure (EPM), the Prescribing Safety Assessment (PSA) and Annual Review of Competency Progression (ARCP) outcomes.ResultsLinear regression analysis shows Conscientiousness Index scores significantly correlate with pregraduate and postgraduate performance variables: SJT scores (R=0.373, R2=0.139, B=0.066, p<0.001, n=539); PSA scores (R=0.249, R2=0.062, B=0.343, p<0.001, n=462); EPM decile scores for the first (lowest) decile are significantly lower than the remaining 90% (p=0.003, n=539), as are PSA scores (p<0.001, n=463), and ARCP year 2 scores (p=0.019, n=517). The OR that students in the first decile fail to achieve the optimum ARCP outcome is 1.6126 (CI: 1.1400 to 2.2809, p=0.0069, n=618).ConclusionsConscientiousness Index scores in years 1 and 2 of medical school have predictive value for later performance in knowledge, skills and clinical practice. This trait could be used either for selection or for targeted remediation to avoid potential problems in the future.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude, and behaviours on diet, physical activity, and tobacco use among school students: A cross-sectional study in two Indian states

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Shalini Bassi ◽  
Deepika Bahl ◽  
Melissa Blythe Harrell ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
Arun Kandasamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Early Years ◽  
School Type ◽  
School Students ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Health Programmes

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are escalating in India and can be attributed to behavioural risk factors such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and tobacco use that began in early years. Understanding adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviours (KAB) related to NCD risk factors would inform the development of school-based health programmes to prevent NCDs. Methods: Sixth-grade students (n=1026) in 20 schools (10 private, 10 public) from two Indian cities (n=667 from Pune; n=359 from Bengaluru) participated in a KAB survey in 2019. Differences in KAB by gender, school type within cities were investigated. Results: Knowledge about the harms of tobacco use was higher than knowledge about a healthy diet and importance of physical activity. Only a small proportion of students did not eat breakfast (8.7%) or fruits (11.3%) daily. Only 33.4% of students read nutrition labels before choosing their food. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of less than an hour per day was reported by 42.5% of students. Approximately one-third of students had ever tried smoking tobacco (30.1%), smokeless tobacco (30.5%), and e-cigarettes (32.4%). Differences in these behaviours by gender and school type showed that both boys, girls and students of private and public schools are vulnerable. Conclusions: The study findings highlight that knowledge is low for thematic areas like diet and physical activity. While knowledge of tobacco related harms is better but the prevalence of ever tobacco use was found to be high. Socio-demographic factors such as school type and gender had a varying effect on various KAB indicators. There is a need to strengthen health education activities by developing context-specific health intervention materials by engaging school children, their parents, teachers, and communities to promote healthy behaviours among adolescents. Need to augment school health programmes in India with a differential approach based on the issues, specific to school type and city.

scholarly journals Relationship between Internet addiction and sleep disturbance in high school students: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikiko Tokiya ◽  
Osamu Itani ◽  
Yuichiro Otsuka ◽  
Yoshitaka Kaneita
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Japanese Adolescents ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The increase in the number of Internet users has increased Internet dependence worldwide. In adolescents, this dependence may interfere with sleep, which is important for the development of psychophysiological capabilities. However, few large-scale surveys have described the relationship between Internet addiction (IA) and sleep disturbance using standardized questionnaires. We conducted a survey in one prefecture in Japan to determine the relationship between sleep disturbance and IA in adolescents based on the categories of the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ). Methods: In 2016, high school students (N=10,405, age range: 15–16 years) in all 54 daytime high schools in the selected prefecture were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. Participants with scores > 5.5 points on the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were defined as having a sleep disturbance. IA was evaluated using the YDQ: Participants with five to eight YDQ items present were classified as having IA; those with three or four items present were classified as “at risk of IA”; and those with two or less YDQ items were classified as “non-IA”. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with sleep disturbance as the dependent variable, IA as the explanatory variable, and adjustments for eight other variables. Results: High YDQ scores were associated with a high prevalence of sleep disturbance in boys and girls . These findings persisted after controlling for other factors in the multiple regression model. Conclusions: Among Japanese adolescents, there was a significant independent relationship between IA and sleep disturbance. Keywords:

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