Associations of social environment, socioeconomic position and social mobility with immune response in young adults: the Jerusalem Perinatal Family Follow-Up Study

ObjectivesImmune response to cytomegalovirus (CMV) impacts adult chronic disease. This study investigates associations of childhood and adulthood social environment, socioeconomic position (SEP) and social mobility with CMV response in young adults.DesignHistorical prospective study design.SettingSubcohort of all 17 003 births to residents of Jerusalem between 1974 and 1976.ParticipantsParticipants included 1319 young adults born in Jerusalem with extensive archival and follow-up data, including childhood and adulthood SEP-related factors and anti-CMV IgG titre levels and seroprevalence measured at age 32.Main exposure and outcome measuresPrincipal component analysis was used to transform correlated social environment and SEP-related variables at two time points (childhood and adulthood) into two major scores reflecting household (eg, number of siblings/children, religiosity) and socioeconomic (eg, occupation, education) components. Based on these components, social mobility variables were created. Linear and Poisson regression models were used to investigate associations of components and mobility with anti-CMV IgG titre level and seroprevalence, adjusted for confounders.ResultsLower levels of household and socioeconomic components in either childhood or adulthood were associated with higher anti-CMV IgG titre level and seropositivity at age 32. Compared with individuals with stable favourable components, anti-CMV IgG titre level and risk for seropositivity were higher in stable unfavourable household and socioeconomic components (household: β=3.23, P<0.001; relative risk (RR)=1.21, P<0.001; socioeconomic: β=2.20, P=0.001; RR=1.14, P=0.01), downward household mobility (β=4.32, P<0.001; RR=1.26, P<0.001) and upward socioeconomic mobility (β=1.37, P=0.04; RR=1.19, P<0.001). Among seropositive individuals, associations between household components and mobility with anti-CMV IgG titre level were maintained and associations between socioeconomic components and mobility with anti-CMV IgG titre level were attenuated.ConclusionsOur study provides evidence that accumulating low SEP from childhood through adulthood and social mobility may compromise immune response in young adulthood.

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Life Course Socioeconomic Position, Intergenerational Social Mobility, and Hypertension Incidence in ELSA-Brasil

American Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1093/ajh/hpab029 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

José Aparecido Soares Lopes ◽

Luana Giatti ◽

Rosane Harter Griep ◽

Antonio Alberto da Silva Lopes ◽

Sheila Maria Alvim Matos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Social Mobility ◽

Socioeconomic Position ◽

Linear Models ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Rate Ratios

Abstract Background Life course epidemiology is a powerful framework to unravel the role of socioeconomic position (SEP) disparities in hypertension (HTN). This study investigated whether life course SEP is associated with HTN incidence. Specifically, to test whether cumulative low SEP throughout life and unfavorable intergenerational social mobility increased HTN incidence. METHODS Longitudinal analysis of 8,754 ELSA-Brasil participants without HTN or cardiovascular in visit 1 (2008–2010). The response variable was the incidence of HTN between visits 1 and 2 (2012–2014). The explanatory variables were childhood, youth, and adulthood SEP, cumulative low SEP, and intergenerational social mobility. Associations were estimated by incidence rate ratios (IRRs) obtained by generalized linear models, with Poisson distribution and logarithmic link function, after adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioral, and health factors. RESULTS The incidence of HTN was 43.2/1,000 person-years, being higher in males, elderly (70–74 years), self-declared black, and low SEP individuals. After considering sociodemographic factors, low SEP in childhood, youth, and adulthood remained statistically associated with increased HTN incidence. Individuals in the third (IRR: 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.44) and fourth top quartiles (IRR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.11–1.49) of cumulative low SEP, vs. first, as well as those with low stable intergenerational trajectory (IRR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.16–1.43), vs. high stable, also had increased HTN incidence rates. Conclusions Socioeconomic disparities at all phases of the life cycle appear to raise HTN incidence rates, being the individuals with greater accumulation of exposure to low SEP and with more unfavorable intergenerational mobility at greatest risk, even in a short follow-up time.

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Gait Characteristics Based on Shoe-Type Inertial Measurement Units in Healthy Young Adults during Treadmill Walking

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20072095 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 2095

Author(s):

Myeounggon Lee ◽

Changhong Youm ◽

Byungjoo Noh ◽

Hwayoung Park

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Principal Component ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Treadmill Walking ◽

Inertial Measurement Units ◽

Related Factors ◽

Inertial Measurement ◽

Bilateral Coordination ◽

Gait Characteristics ◽

Measurement Units

This study investigated the gait characteristics of healthy young adults using shoe-type inertial measurement units (IMU) during treadmill walking. A total of 1478 participants were tested. Principal component analyses (PCA) were conducted to determine which principal components (PCs) best defined the characteristics of healthy young adults. A non-hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to evaluate the essential gait ability, according to the results of the PC1 score. One-way repeated analysis of variance with the Bonferroni correction was used to compare gait performances in the cluster groups. PCA outcomes indicated 76.9% variance for PC1–PC6, where PC1 (gait variability (GV): 18.5%), PC2 (pace: 17.8%), PC3 (rhythm and phase: 13.9%), and PC4 (bilateral coordination: 11.2%) were the gait-related factors. All of the pace, rhythm, GV, and variables for bilateral coordination classified the gait ability in the cluster groups. We suggest that the treadmill walking task may be reliable to evaluate the gait performances, which may provide insight into understanding the decline of gait ability. The presented results are considered meaningful for understanding the gait patterns of healthy adults and may prove useful as reference outcomes for future gait analyses.

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Measuring childhood socioeconomic position in health research:Development and validation of childhood socioeconomic position questionnaire using mixed method approach

Health Promotion Perspectives ◽

10.15171/hpp.2019.05 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 40-49

Author(s):

Uma Vadassery Sankar ◽

V Raman kutty ◽

TN Anand

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Young Adults ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Socioeconomic Position ◽

Health Research ◽

Parental Education ◽

Value Added ◽

Public Health Research ◽

Second Phase ◽

Related Factors

Background: There is no single best indicator to assess the childhood socioeconomic position (CSEP) in public health research. The aim of the study is to develop and validate a new questionnaire, with adequate psychometric properties, to measure the childhood SEP of the young adults. Methods: The first phase consisted of a qualitative phase to identify the variables to measure childhood SEP through the in-depth interviews among 15 young adults (18-45 years) of rural Kerala. The second phase was a quantitative phase to validate the questionnaire through a cross sectional survey among 200 young adults of Kerala. We did content validity, reliability tests and construct validity by using exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire to demonstrate its psychometric properties. Results: The qualitative analysis reported 26 variables spread across 5 domains to measure the CSEP. Finally, the questionnaire has 11 questions with 3 domains named as value added through paternity, maternal occupation-related factors and parental education. The questionnaire has good reliability (Cronbach's α=0.88) also. Conclusion: We have developed a reliable and valid questionnaire to measure the childhood SEP of younger adults and can be used in various public health research.

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P1020 Cardiovascular prognosis of patients with beta-thalassemia major in the current era: an 8-year (1995?2003) clinical follow-up study of young adults

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1016/s0195-668x(03)94312-0 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 176

Author(s):

C CHRYSOHOOU

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Thalassemia Major ◽

Beta Thalassemia ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Beta Thalassemia Major ◽

Cardiovascular Prognosis

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Lack of systemic cellular immune response in children and young adults receiving decellularized allografts

The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon ◽

10.1055/s-0032-1332379 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 61 (S 01) ◽

Author(s):

A Neumann ◽

T Breymann ◽

S Cebotari ◽

D Böthig ◽

A Horke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Young Adults ◽

Cellular Immune Response ◽

Children And Young Adults ◽

Cellular Immune

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RELATED FACTORS TO RELAPSE IN DEPRESSED PATIENTS AFTER COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY DURING ONE YEAR PROSPECTIVE FOLLOW-UP

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2011.5.2 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 13-19

Author(s):

Nhu Minh Hang Tran ◽

Huu Cat Nguyen ◽

Dang Doanh Nguyen ◽

Van Luong Ngo ◽

Vu Hoang Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽

Relapse Rate ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Control Group ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Related Factors ◽

Depressed Patients ◽

One Year

Objectives: To determine factors impact on the relapse in depressed patients treated with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) during one year follow-up. Materials and Methods: 80 depressed patients divided into two groups, group 1: included 40 patients treated with CBT; group 2: 40 patients on amitriptyline. Non-randomized controlled clinical trial, opened, longiditual and prospective research. Results and Conclusions: relapse rate after CBT during 1 year follow-up is 10% (compared to 25% in control group), related factors to relapse rate in depression after CBT are age and education. Shared predictors between 2 groups are severity and recurrence of depression. Key words: Depression, relapse, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Breast feeding in infancy and social mobility: 60-year follow-up of the Boyd Orr cohort.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1066969.519937 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Symonds

Keyword(s):

Social Mobility ◽

Breast Feeding

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Understanding the Obstacles to Uptake of Intervention Programmes and Services for Persons with Dementia

Current Alzheimer Research ◽

10.2174/1567205017666200807192634 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 526-533

Author(s):

Ha N.H. Lien ◽

Emily J. Koh ◽

Philip L.K. Yap

Keyword(s):

Medical Records ◽

Cognitive Engagement ◽

Functional Improvement ◽

Related Factors ◽

Related Services ◽

Phone Calls ◽

Information Session ◽

Adequate Information ◽

Care At Home

Background: Utilisation of intervention programmes and services for Persons with Dementia (PWD) has been generally modest despite the growing numbers. One reason has been the lack of knowledge about dementia and information on such services. Objective: We sought to close this gap by providing caregivers with an information session about dementia and the importance and availability of related services. We explored the uptake of intervention programmes and services and reasons for non-uptake thereafter. Methods: Two hundred and seventy-five PWD and caregiver dyads attended the Dyad Education and Empowerment Programme (DEEP). At the DEEP, while caregivers underwent an information session, PWD were assessed by a multidisciplinary team on their need and suitability for programmes and services such as daycare, cognitive engagement programmes and physical rehabilitation. The dyads then received individualized recommendations on the appropriate services, if any. Follow-up through medical records review and phone calls was conducted one month after DEEP to ascertain if the dyads had acted upon the recommendations and if not, what difficulties they encountered. Results: One hundred and eleven PWD received recommendations, of which 40 (36.0%) agreed and enrolled in the services while 71 (64%) declined. Thematic analysis of the reasons for non-uptake revealed 3 themes: PWD-related factors (e.g., refusal, functional improvement or decline), caregiverrelated factors (adequacy of care at home, other care arrangements), and service-related factors (e.g., cost, timing). Conclusion: Despite adequate information, there are other reasons for non-uptake of dementia- related services, some of which should be addressed to improve service updates and to provide better care for PWD.

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Nonsurgical miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion results in acceptable stability in young adults

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/101415-689.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 86 (5) ◽

pp. 713-720 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Sung-Hwan Choi ◽

Kyung-Keun Shi ◽

Jung-Yul Cha ◽

Young-Chel Park ◽

Kee-Joon Lee

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Treatment Modality ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Rapid Maxillary Expansion ◽

Maxillary Expansion ◽

Initial Examination ◽

The Stability ◽

Maxillary Deficiency ◽

Time Point

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the stability of nonsurgical miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion (MARME) in young adults with a transverse maxillary deficiency. Materials and Methods: From a total of 69 adult patients who underwent MARME followed by orthodontic treatment with a straight-wire appliance, 20 patients (mean age, 20.9 ± 2.9 years) with follow-up records (mean, 30.2 ± 13.2 months) after debonding were selected. Posteroanterior cephalometric records and dental casts were obtained at the initial examination (T0), immediately after MARME removal (T1), immediately after debonding (T2), and at posttreatment follow-up (T3). Results: Suture separation was observed in 86.96% of subjects (60/69). An increase in the maxillary width (J-J; 1.92 mm) accounted for 43.34% of the total expansion with regard to the intermolar width (IMW) increase (4.43 mm; P < .001) at T2. The amounts of J-J and IMW posttreatment changes were −0.07 mm (P > .05) and −0.42 mm (P = .01), respectively, during retention. The postexpansion change in middle alveolus width increased with age (P < .05). The postexpansion change of interpremolar width (IPMW) was positively correlated with the amount of IPMW expansion (P < .05) but not with IMW. The changes of the clinical crown heights in the maxillary canines, first premolars, and first molars were not significant at each time point. Conclusions: Nonsurgical MARME can be a clinically acceptable and stable treatment modality for young adults with a transverse maxillary deficiency.

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