Faculty Opinions recommendation of Breast feeding in infancy and social mobility: 60-year follow-up of the Boyd Orr cohort.

Abstract Background Life course epidemiology is a powerful framework to unravel the role of socioeconomic position (SEP) disparities in hypertension (HTN). This study investigated whether life course SEP is associated with HTN incidence. Specifically, to test whether cumulative low SEP throughout life and unfavorable intergenerational social mobility increased HTN incidence. METHODS Longitudinal analysis of 8,754 ELSA-Brasil participants without HTN or cardiovascular in visit 1 (2008–2010). The response variable was the incidence of HTN between visits 1 and 2 (2012–2014). The explanatory variables were childhood, youth, and adulthood SEP, cumulative low SEP, and intergenerational social mobility. Associations were estimated by incidence rate ratios (IRRs) obtained by generalized linear models, with Poisson distribution and logarithmic link function, after adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioral, and health factors. RESULTS The incidence of HTN was 43.2/1,000 person-years, being higher in males, elderly (70–74 years), self-declared black, and low SEP individuals. After considering sociodemographic factors, low SEP in childhood, youth, and adulthood remained statistically associated with increased HTN incidence. Individuals in the third (IRR: 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.44) and fourth top quartiles (IRR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.11–1.49) of cumulative low SEP, vs. first, as well as those with low stable intergenerational trajectory (IRR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.16–1.43), vs. high stable, also had increased HTN incidence rates. Conclusions Socioeconomic disparities at all phases of the life cycle appear to raise HTN incidence rates, being the individuals with greater accumulation of exposure to low SEP and with more unfavorable intergenerational mobility at greatest risk, even in a short follow-up time.

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Factors affecting the course of body and kidney growth in infants with urolithiasis: A critical long-term evaluation

Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia ◽

10.4081/aiua.2016.4.249 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 249 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kemal Sarica ◽

Fatma Narter ◽

Kubilay Sabuncu ◽

Ahmet Akca ◽

Utku Can ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Feeding ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Stone Disease ◽

The Body ◽

Renal Growth ◽

Related Factors ◽

Growth Status ◽

Long Term Follow Up

Objective: To investigate the possible effects of dietary, patient and stone related factors on the clinical course of the stone disease as well as the body and renal growth status of the infants. Patients and Methods: A total of 50 children with an history of stone disease during infancy period were studied. Patient (anatomical abnormalities, urinary tract infection - UTI, associated morbidities), stone (obstruction, UTI and required interventions) and lastly dietary (duration of sole breast feeding, formula feeding) related factors which may affect the clinical course of the disease were all evaluated for their effects on the body and renal growth during long-term follow-up. Results: Mean age of the children was 2.40 ± 2.65 years. Our findings demonstrated that infants receiving longer period of breast feeding without formula addition seemed to have a higher rate of normal growth percentile values when compared with the other children. Again, higher frequency of UTI and stone attacks affected the growth status of the infants in a remarkable manner than the other cases. Our findings also demonstrated that thorough a close follow-up and appropriately taken measures; the possible growth retardation as well as renal growth problems could be avoided in children beginning to suffer from stone disease during infancy period. Conclusions: Duration of breast feeding, frequency of UTI, number of stone attacks and stone removal procedures are crucial factors for the clinical course of stone disease in infants that may affect the body as well as kidney growth during long-term follow-up.

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In Reply: Discharge Pack Study

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.83.1.149 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 149-149

Author(s):

STEPHEN J. WIRTZ ◽

DEBORAH A. FRANK ◽

JAMES R. SORENSON

Keyword(s):

Breast Feeding ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽

Feeding Duration

We welcome the opportunity to clarify the five issues raised by Mr Gelardi. First, Mr Gelardi implies that the 18-day difference in exclusive breast-feeding duration between women receiving the commercial compared with those receiving the research discharge pack, although statistically significant, is not clinically relevant. The study only followed up women for 122 days; this difference represents 15% of the follow-up period. Because the protective effects of breast-feeding against allergens and infective agents are greatest in the first few weeks of life, we would argue that a 15% extension of the duration of exclusive breast-feeding during that period is clinically beneficial.

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Prelacteal Feeding and Associated Factors Among Northwestern Ethiopian Women Having Children Less than Six Months Age: A Community Based Cross- Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-37785/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maezu G/slassie1 ◽

Kiflay Mulugeta ◽

Abraha Teklay Berhe

Keyword(s):

Breast Feeding ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Prelacteal Feeding ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Timely Initiation ◽

Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Prelacteal feeding is administration of any food or fluid other than breast milk before initiation of breast feeding. Optimal breastfeeding including discouraging prelacteal feeding could save 823,000 lives per year among children ages five years old and younger. Despite of this mothers give prelacteal feeding to their child in different part of Ethiopia; However, there is a paucity of information on prevalence of prelacteal feeding and associated factors in the study area. Thus, the current study aimed at determining of the prevalence of prelacteal feeding and associated factors among mothers of children aged less than six months in Gozamen district, East Gojjam zone, North West Ethiopia, 2019-2020Methods: A community -based cross-sectional study was conducted among 741 mothers of children aged less than six months in Gozamen district from August 2019 to Feb 2020. Stratified cluster sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were collected by face to face interviewer-administered, pretested and semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression model were employed. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to identify factors associated with prelacteal feeding.Results: In this study the prevalence of prelacteal feeding was found to be 17.1%with 95%CI [14.3, 20]. Mothers who had no ANC follow up [AOR: 7.53, CI; 3.32, 17.05], those mothers who did not discard colostrum [AOR: 0.12, CI; 0.07, 0.12] time of breast feeding initiation [AOR: 3.53, CI; 2.05, 6.11] and mothers who had single ANC visit [AOR: 2.98, CI; 1.52, 5.85] were significant independent factors associated with prelacteal feeding.Conclusion: This study concluded that prelacteal feeding was high in the study area .Therefore, in order to tackle this problem strengthening antenatal follow up, timely initiation of breastfeeding, health education and awarenes creation of the communities are recommended interventions.

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The sleeper effect of perceived insufficient milk supply in US mothers

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980020001482 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Mackenzie DM Whipps ◽

Jill R Demirci

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Milk Supply ◽

Breast Feed ◽

First Time Mothers ◽

Reproductive Life ◽

Insufficient Milk ◽

First Time

Abstract Objective: To test whether perception of insufficient milk (PIM) supply in the breast-feeding relationship of one child predicts how long mothers breast-feed subsequent children, and whether this association differs for first-time mothers v. mothers with previous children. Design: Secondary analysis of Infant Feeding Practices Study II (ordinary least squares regression) and Year 6 follow-up. Setting: Mailed, self-report survey of US mother–infant dyads, 2005–2012. Participants: Women pregnant with a singleton were recruited from a consumer opinion panel. Exclusion criteria included: mother age <18; infant born <5 lbs, born before 35 weeks or with extended NICU stay, and mother or infant diagnosed with condition that impacts feeding. A subsample with PIM data (n 1460) was analysed. Results: We found that women who weaned because of PIM with the index child stopped breast-feeding 5·7 weeks earlier than those who weaned due to other reasons (4·9 weeks earlier for multiparas, P < 0·001; 7·1 weeks earlier for primiparas, P < 0·001). Using Year 6 follow-up data (n 350), we found subsequent child 1 weaned 9·2 weeks earlier if the mother experiences PIM as a multipara (P = 0·020) and 10·6 weeks earlier if the mother experiences PIM as a primipara (P = 0·019). For subsequent child 2 (n 78), the magnitude of association was even larger, although insignificant due to low power. Conclusions: These findings indicate that PIM may carry forward in the reproductive life course, especially for first-time mothers. Perceptions of breast milk insufficiency and contributors to actual inadequate milk supply with the first child should be targeted, rather than intervening later in the reproductive life course.

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Associations of social environment, socioeconomic position and social mobility with immune response in young adults: the Jerusalem Perinatal Family Follow-Up Study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016949 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. e016949 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriella M Lawrence ◽

Yehiel Friedlander ◽

Ronit Calderon-Margalit ◽

Daniel A Enquobahrie ◽

Jonathan Yinhao Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Young Adults ◽

Social Environment ◽

Social Mobility ◽

Socioeconomic Position ◽

Principal Component ◽

Socioeconomic Mobility ◽

Related Factors ◽

Prospective Study Design

ObjectivesImmune response to cytomegalovirus (CMV) impacts adult chronic disease. This study investigates associations of childhood and adulthood social environment, socioeconomic position (SEP) and social mobility with CMV response in young adults.DesignHistorical prospective study design.SettingSubcohort of all 17 003 births to residents of Jerusalem between 1974 and 1976.ParticipantsParticipants included 1319 young adults born in Jerusalem with extensive archival and follow-up data, including childhood and adulthood SEP-related factors and anti-CMV IgG titre levels and seroprevalence measured at age 32.Main exposure and outcome measuresPrincipal component analysis was used to transform correlated social environment and SEP-related variables at two time points (childhood and adulthood) into two major scores reflecting household (eg, number of siblings/children, religiosity) and socioeconomic (eg, occupation, education) components. Based on these components, social mobility variables were created. Linear and Poisson regression models were used to investigate associations of components and mobility with anti-CMV IgG titre level and seroprevalence, adjusted for confounders.ResultsLower levels of household and socioeconomic components in either childhood or adulthood were associated with higher anti-CMV IgG titre level and seropositivity at age 32. Compared with individuals with stable favourable components, anti-CMV IgG titre level and risk for seropositivity were higher in stable unfavourable household and socioeconomic components (household: β=3.23, P<0.001; relative risk (RR)=1.21, P<0.001; socioeconomic: β=2.20, P=0.001; RR=1.14, P=0.01), downward household mobility (β=4.32, P<0.001; RR=1.26, P<0.001) and upward socioeconomic mobility (β=1.37, P=0.04; RR=1.19, P<0.001). Among seropositive individuals, associations between household components and mobility with anti-CMV IgG titre level were maintained and associations between socioeconomic components and mobility with anti-CMV IgG titre level were attenuated.ConclusionsOur study provides evidence that accumulating low SEP from childhood through adulthood and social mobility may compromise immune response in young adulthood.

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Evaluating the effect of the initiative ‘Caring for the Newborn and the Mother at Home’ in Mexico

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980020003948 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 157-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mishel Unar-Munguía ◽

Teresita González de Cosío ◽

Ericka Ileana Escalante-Izeta ◽

Isabel Ferré-Eguiluz ◽

Matthias Sachse-Aguilera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Home Visits ◽

Warning Signs ◽

Control Group ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Initial Care ◽

Pregnancy And Postpartum

AbstractObjective:The WHO and UNICEF recommend home visits to improve health outcomes for mothers and newborns. We evaluated the effect of home visits by community volunteers during pregnancy and postpartum on breast-feeding practices, women’s knowledge about benefits, beliefs and myths of breast-feeding, obstetric and neonatal warning signs, preparation for childbirth and initial care for newborns, and diarrhoea and respiratory diseases in children.Design:Community quasi-experimental design. We estimated difference-in-difference models with fixed effects at the community level weighted by propensity score and investigated implementation barriers through focus groups and semi-structured interviews.Setting:Poor rural communities in Mexico; 48 intervention and 29 control.Participants:Baseline and follow-up information were reported from two independent cross-sectional samples of women with babies aged between 6 and 18 months (baseline: 292 control, 320 intervention; follow-up: 292 control, 294 intervention).Results:The intervention increased reports of exclusive breast-feeding in the first 6 months by 24·4 percentage points (pp) (95 % CI: 13·4, 35·4), mothers’ knowledge of obstetric warning signs by 23·4 pp (95 % CI: 9·2, 37·5) and neonatal warning signs by 26·2 pp (95 % CI: 15·2, 37·2) compared to the control group. A non-linear dose–response relation with the number of home visits was found. Diarrhoea and respiratory diseases among children decreased in the intervention v. control group but were not statistically significant.Conclusions:Home visits should be implemented as a complementary strategy to the provision of prenatal and postnatal care in rural communities due to their potential positive effects on the health of mothers and their children.

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326 Breast-feeding in cystic fibrosis: an Italian, single centre follow-up survey

Journal of Cystic Fibrosis ◽

10.1016/s1569-1993(05)80291-7 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. S88

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Single Centre

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Assessment of breast-feeding promotion in hospitals and follow-up survey of mother–infant pairs in Germany: the SuSe Study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2001321 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 547-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Mathilde Kersting ◽

Madeleine Dulon

Keyword(s):

Breast Feeding ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Postal Questionnaire ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternity Hospitals ◽

Health Organization ◽

Nation Wide Survey ◽

First Year Of Life

AbstractObjective:To assess breast-feeding promotion in maternity hospitals and breast-feeding prevalences during the first year of life in mother–infant pairs in Germany.Design:Cross-sectional assessment of breast-feeding practices in a random sample of German maternity hospitals by use of a postal questionnaire. Follow-up of mother–infant pairs recruited in the participating hospitals to assess breast-feeding prevalences and infant feeding practices by use of a telephone interview 14 days after birth and food-frequency questionnaires mailed at the end of the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 9th and 12th month of life. Use of indicators for breast-feeding proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).Setting:Nation-wide survey.Subjects:One hundred and seventy-seven maternity hospitals, 1717 mother–infant pairs.Results:There were wide variations in breast-feeding promotion in hospitals as evaluated by the practice of the '10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding' given by WHO and UNICEF for certification as a ‘Babyfriendly Hospital’. Some steps (3, 4, 8) were practised in about 90% of the hospitals, others (steps 7, 9) in only 10%. Prevalences for exclusive (total) breast-feeding as defined by WHO were: 73% (86%) at discharge, 60% (85%) at 14 days, 42% (70%) at 2 months, 33% (59%) at 4 months, 10% (48%) at 6 months, <1% (26%) at 9 months and 0 (13%) at 12 months.Conclusions:By use of indicators proposed by WHO and UNICEF, a differentiated insight into the breast-feeding situation in Germany has become possible. Moderate levels of breast-feeding promotion in hospitals resulted in almost satisfactory early breast-feeding prevalences but were not effective for long-term breast-feeding success in most mothers.

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