scholarly journals Activation of professional and personal network relations when experiencing a symptom: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e017620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Elnegaard ◽  
Rikke Sand Andersen ◽  
Anette Fischer Pedersen ◽  
Dorte Ejg Jarbøl
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Network Activation ◽  
Personal Relations ◽  
Professional Network ◽  
Symptom Experiences

ObjectiveTo describe patterns of disclosure of symptoms experienced among people in the general population to persons in their personal and/or professional network.DesignA population-based cross-sectional study. Data were collected from a web-based survey.SettingThe general population in Denmark.Participants100 000 individuals randomly selected, representative of the adult Danish population aged ≥20 years were invited. Approximately 5% were not eligible for inclusion. 49 706 (men=23 240; women=26 466) of 95 253 eligible individuals completed the questionnaire; yielding a response rate of 52.2%. Individuals completing all questions regarding social network relations form the study base (n=44 313).Primary and secondary outcome measuresActivation of personal and/or professional relations when experiencing a symptom.ResultsThe 44 313 individuals reported in total 260 079 symptom experiences within the last 4 weeks. No professional network relation was used in two-thirds of all reported symptoms. The general practitioner (GP) was the most frequently reported professional relation activated (22.5%). People reporting to have available personal relations were slightly less inclined to contact the GP (21.9%) when experiencing a symptom compared with people with no reported personal relations (26.8%). The most commonly activated personal relations were spouse/partner (56.4%) and friend (19.6%). More than a quarter of all reported symptom experiences was not shared with anyone, personal nor professional. The symptom experiences with the lowest frequency of network activation were symptoms such as black stool, constipation, change in stool texture and frequent urination.ConclusionThis study emphasises variation in the activation of network relations when experiencing a symptom. Symptoms were shared with both personal and professional relations, but different patterns of disclosures were discovered. For symptoms derived from the urogenital or colorectal region, the use of both personal and professional relations was relatively small, which might indicate reticence to involve other people when experiencing symptoms of that nature.

scholarly journals COVID-19 infections among Healthcare Workers and Transmission within Households

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin L. Schwartz ◽  
Camille Achonu ◽  
Sarah A. Buchan ◽  
Kevin A. Brown ◽  
Brenda Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nosocomial Transmission ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Testing Bias

AbstractImportanceProtecting healthcare workers (HCWs) from COVID-19 is a priority to maintain a safe and functioning healthcare system. The risk of transmitting COVID-19 to family members is a source of stress for many.ObjectiveTo describe and compare HCW and non-HCW COVID-19 cases in Ontario, Canada, as well as the frequency of COVID-19 among HCWs’ household members.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsUsing reportable disease data at Public Health Ontario which captures all COVID-19 cases in Ontario, Canada, we conducted a population-based cross-sectional study comparing demographic, exposure, and clinical variables between HCWs and non-HCWs with COVID-19 as of 14 May 2020. We calculated rates of infections over time and determined the frequency of within household transmissions using natural language processing based on residential address.Exposures and OutcomesWe contrasted age, gender, comorbidities, clinical presentation (including asymptomatic and presymptomatic), exposure histories including nosocomial transmission, and clinical outcomes between HCWs and non-HCWs with confirmed COVID-19.ResultsThere were 4,230 (17.5%) HCW COVID-19 cases in Ontario, of whom 20.2% were nurses, 2.3% were physicians, and the remaining 77.4% other specialties. HCWs were more likely to be between 30-60 years of age and female. HCWs were more likely to present asymptomatically (8.1% versus 7.0%, p=0.010) or with atypical symptoms (17.8% versus 10.5%, p<0.001). The mortality among HCWs was 0.2% compared to 10.5% of non-HCWs. HCWs commonly had exposures to a confirmed case or outbreak (74.1%), however only 3.1% were confirmed to be nosocomial. The rate of new infections was 5.5 times higher in HCWs than non-HCWs, but mirrored the epidemic curve. We identified 391 (9.8%) probable secondary household transmissions and 143 (3.6%) acquisitions. Children < 19 years comprised 14.6% of secondary cases compared to only 4.2% of the primary cases.Conclusions and RelevanceHCWs represent a disproportionate number of COVID-19 cases in Ontario but with low confirmed numbers of nosocomial transmission. The data support substantial testing bias and under-ascertainment of general population cases. Protecting HCWs through appropriate personal protective equipment and physical distancing from colleagues is paramount.Key PointsQuestionWhat are the differences between healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers with COVID-19?FindingsIn this population-based cross-sectional study there were 4,230 healthcare workers comprising 17.5% of COVID-19 cases. Healthcare workers were diagnosed with COVID-19 at a rate 5.5 times higher than the general population with 0.8% of all healthcare workers, compared to 0.1% of non-healthcare workers.MeaningHigh healthcare worker COVID-19 burden highlights the importance of physical distancing from colleagues, appropriate personal protective equipment, as well as likely substantial testing bias and under-ascertainment of COVID-19 in the general population.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF DIAGNOSED TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS IN CENTRAL KERALITE POPULATION- A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1232-1235
Author(s):  
Annie Susan Thomas ◽  
◽  
Ariel Hannah Philip ◽  
Philip Oommen ◽  
Aby Mathew T ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Joint Disorder ◽  
Diagnosis Criteria

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of TMD in Central Keralite population. Materials and Methods: A representative population-based sample of 368 people was randomly selected of which 152 were men and 216 were females. A cross sectional study was conducted in both males and females aged 18-65 years. TMD prevalence was assessed by self- reported questionnaire. The diagnosis of TMD was based on Research Diagnosis Criteria for TMD (RDC-TMD) Axis1. Results: Of the total sample size selected, 51.35% had TMD. Of this, 53.2% of the females and 48.6% of the males were diagnosed to have TMD. TMD patients were categorised according to RDC TMD Criteria. In Category I (Myofascial pain dysfunction) - 47%, Category II (Internal derangement) - 51% and in Category III (Inflammatory Joint Disorder) - 2% Conclusion: The present study indicates that more than half of the general population in Central Kerala is affected by TMD. Proper awareness of this disorder and possible treatment options should be well informed to the general population.

scholarly journals Weight underestimation linked to anxiety and depression in a cross-sectional study of overweight individuals in a Sami and non-Sami Norwegian population: the SAMINOR Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e031810
Author(s):  
Kirsti Kvaløy ◽  
Marita Melhus ◽  
Anne Silviken ◽  
Ann Ragnhild Broderstad
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesUnderestimation of overweight/obesity may prevent weight loss attempts, resulting in further weight gain and maintenance of overweight. Mental health benefits may nevertheless surpass negative consequences. Our main objective was to study the association between underestimation of overweight/obesity and symptoms of anxiety and depression in Sami and non-Sami populations.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.SettingThe SAMINOR 2 Clinical Study with participants from 10 municipalities in Northern Norway enrolled between 2012 and 2014.ParticipantsThe study included 3266 adults of multiethnic rural origin with overweight/obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2) whereof 1384 underestimated their weight (42%).Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome measure was symptoms of anxiety and depression and secondary outcome measures were BMI and the demographic variables: sex, age, education and marital status.ResultsA higher proportion of Sami men compared with non-Sami men were obese, and reported more symptoms of anxiety and depression. More men than women, and a higher proportion of Sami women compared with non-Sami women, underestimated their weight. Multivariable-adjusted analyses showed that women were less likely to underestimate their weight compared with men (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.55 in Sami and OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.42 in non-Sami), higher BMI was protective against weight underestimation (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.75 in Sami and OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.67 in non-Sami), slightly higher odds of weight underestimation were observed with increasing age in both ethnic groups (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05 in Sami and OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.03 in non-Sami), while higher education lowered the odds in non-Sami (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.87). Weight underestimation was protectively associated with anxiety and depression in Sami men (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.84) and in non-Sami women (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.78) adjusted for age, BMI, education and marital status.ConclusionsIndependent of ethnicity, more men than women underestimated their weight. Underestimation of weight was protectively associated with anxiety and depression in Sami men and non-Sami women.

scholarly journals What triggers healthcare-seeking behaviour when experiencing a symptom? Results from a population-based survey

BJGP Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. bjgpopen17X100761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Elnegaard ◽  
Anette Fischer Pedersen ◽  
Rikke Sand Andersen ◽  
René de-Pont Christensen ◽  
Dorte Ejg Jarbøl
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Symptom Experiences ◽  
Level Of Concern ◽  
High Level

BackgroundThe decision process of whether or not to contact the GP is influenced by different factors which have not all been well examined.AimThe aim of this study was to analyse whether contact to the GP is associated with concern about the symptom, influence on daily activities and symptom burden, such as the total number of symptoms experienced by each person in a general population.Design & settingThis Danish nationwide cross-sectional study comprises a random sample of 100 000 people, representative of the adult Danish population ≥20 years.MethodBaseline data were collected in a web-based survey conducted from June to December 2012.ResultsIn total 49 706 (52.5%) individuals answered the questionnaire; 45 483 (91.5%) individuals experienced at least one of 44 predefined symptoms during the 4 weeks preceding the completion of the questionnaire. They reported 268 772 symptom experiences of which 58 370 symptoms (21.7%) resulted in contact with a GP. A high level of concern and influence on daily activities was associated with significantly higher odds for GP contact. A high burden of symptoms was associated with lower odds of contact with the GP.ConclusionApproximately every fifth symptom reported by individuals from the general population leads to GP contact. Influence on daily activities, burden of symptoms, and concern about the symptom were significant factors associated with the decision of whether to contact the GP. No overall association between sex and GP contact was observed.

scholarly journals Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes for women with Cystic Fibrosis: a UK population-based cross-sectional study, 2003-2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun Esan ◽  
Daniella Schlüter ◽  
Rhiannon Phillips ◽  
Rebecca Cosgriff ◽  
Shantini Parajothy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Objective To estimate the pregnancy rates and outcomes for women with cystic fibrosis (wwCF) in the UK compared to the general population and to explore the impact of the introduction of disease modifying treatments on pregnancy rates. Design A population-based cross-sectional study. Setting Electronic records of UK CF Registry Data (~99% of all CF), and conceptions data for England and Wales (E&W). Population All women aged 15-44 years who were pregnant between 2003-2017. Methods We calculated 3-yearly crude and age-specific pregnancy rates per 1,000 women years (wys), pregnancy rates for wwCF with a G551D mutation before and after Ivacaftor was introduced in 2012 and compared live birth rates. Main outcome measures Crude rates, age specific fertility, and maternal morbidity. Results The overall pregnancy rate was 23.5 (95% CI 21.9-25.3) per 1,000 wys, ~3.4fold difference to E&W women (77.7). This pattern was evident in the age specific rates, except for those aged 40-44 years where the difference in rates was much less (wwCF 8.2 per 1,000 wys vs. 13.3 in E&W). LB rate differences mirrored pregnancy rates (wwCF 17.4 per 1000 wys vs. 61.4 E&W women). Following the introduction of Ivacaftor, pregnancy rates in wwCF with G551D increased from 29.5 to 56.9 per 1000wys (2012-2014 to 2015-2017). Conclusions Pregnancy rates in wwCF are about a third of the rates in the general population but on the rise following the introduction of Ivacaftor. There is no indication that there is a reduced chance of a live birth in wwCF who become pregnant.

scholarly journals Trends in acid suppressant drug prescriptions in primary care in the UK: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e041529
Author(s):  
Devin Abrahami ◽  
Emily Gibson McDonald ◽  
Mireille Schnitzer ◽  
Laurent Azoulay
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveTo examine proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) prescribing patterns over a 29-year period by quantifying annual prevalence and prescribing intensity over time.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.SettingMore than 700 general practices contributing data to the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).ParticipantsWithin a cohort of 14 242 329 patients registered in the CPRD, 3 027 383 patients were prescribed at least one PPI or H2RA from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2018.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAnnual prescription rates were estimated by dividing the number of patients prescribed a PPI or H2RA by the total CPRD population. Change in prescribing intensity (number of prescriptions per year divided by person-years of follow-up) was calculated using negative binomial regression.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2018, 21.3% of the CPRD population was exposed to at least one acid suppressant drug. During that period, PPI prevalence increased from 0.2% to 14.2%, while H2RA prevalence remained low (range: 1.2%–3.4%). Yearly prescribing intensity to PPIs increased during the first 15 years of the study period but remained relatively constant for the remainder of the study period. In contrast, yearly prescribing intensity of H2RAs decreased from 1990 to 2009 but has begun to slightly increase over the past 5 years.ConclusionsWhile PPI prevalence has been increasing over time, its prescribing intensity has recently plateaued. Notwithstanding their efficacy, PPIs are associated with a number of adverse effects not attributed to H2RAs, whose prescribing intensity has begun to increase. Thus, H2RAs remain a valuable treatment option for individuals with gastric conditions.

Assessing the Quality of Life Among Productive Age in the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Study of Family Life Survey in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
pp. 101053952095641
Author(s):  
Faiza Yuniati ◽  
Sudijanto Kamso
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
General Population ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indonesia Family Life Survey ◽  
Low Prevalence

A large number of productive age populations in Indonesia are tagged reliable human resources, assuming they have a good quality of life (QoL). This study aims to examine the determinant factors related to QoL based on the 2014 Indonesia Family Life Survey. This is a population-based cross-sectional study comprising 13 368 participants aged 15 to 64 years from 23 provinces. The analysis was carried out to construct a composite indicator of QoL. The result showed that the low prevalence of 54% among the general population needs to be ameliorated. Demographic factors (eg, age, marital status, and education), primary activities, pain, and chronic illnesses were significantly related to QoL and used to provide supporting information.

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