scholarly journals Weight underestimation linked to anxiety and depression in a cross-sectional study of overweight individuals in a Sami and non-Sami Norwegian population: the SAMINOR Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e031810
Author(s):  
Kirsti Kvaløy ◽  
Marita Melhus ◽  
Anne Silviken ◽  
Ann Ragnhild Broderstad
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesUnderestimation of overweight/obesity may prevent weight loss attempts, resulting in further weight gain and maintenance of overweight. Mental health benefits may nevertheless surpass negative consequences. Our main objective was to study the association between underestimation of overweight/obesity and symptoms of anxiety and depression in Sami and non-Sami populations.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.SettingThe SAMINOR 2 Clinical Study with participants from 10 municipalities in Northern Norway enrolled between 2012 and 2014.ParticipantsThe study included 3266 adults of multiethnic rural origin with overweight/obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2) whereof 1384 underestimated their weight (42%).Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome measure was symptoms of anxiety and depression and secondary outcome measures were BMI and the demographic variables: sex, age, education and marital status.ResultsA higher proportion of Sami men compared with non-Sami men were obese, and reported more symptoms of anxiety and depression. More men than women, and a higher proportion of Sami women compared with non-Sami women, underestimated their weight. Multivariable-adjusted analyses showed that women were less likely to underestimate their weight compared with men (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.55 in Sami and OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.42 in non-Sami), higher BMI was protective against weight underestimation (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.75 in Sami and OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.67 in non-Sami), slightly higher odds of weight underestimation were observed with increasing age in both ethnic groups (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05 in Sami and OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.03 in non-Sami), while higher education lowered the odds in non-Sami (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.87). Weight underestimation was protectively associated with anxiety and depression in Sami men (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.84) and in non-Sami women (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.78) adjusted for age, BMI, education and marital status.ConclusionsIndependent of ethnicity, more men than women underestimated their weight. Underestimation of weight was protectively associated with anxiety and depression in Sami men and non-Sami women.

scholarly journals Activation of professional and personal network relations when experiencing a symptom: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e017620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Elnegaard ◽  
Rikke Sand Andersen ◽  
Anette Fischer Pedersen ◽  
Dorte Ejg Jarbøl
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Network Activation ◽  
Personal Relations ◽  
Professional Network ◽  
Symptom Experiences

ObjectiveTo describe patterns of disclosure of symptoms experienced among people in the general population to persons in their personal and/or professional network.DesignA population-based cross-sectional study. Data were collected from a web-based survey.SettingThe general population in Denmark.Participants100 000 individuals randomly selected, representative of the adult Danish population aged ≥20 years were invited. Approximately 5% were not eligible for inclusion. 49 706 (men=23 240; women=26 466) of 95 253 eligible individuals completed the questionnaire; yielding a response rate of 52.2%. Individuals completing all questions regarding social network relations form the study base (n=44 313).Primary and secondary outcome measuresActivation of personal and/or professional relations when experiencing a symptom.ResultsThe 44 313 individuals reported in total 260 079 symptom experiences within the last 4 weeks. No professional network relation was used in two-thirds of all reported symptoms. The general practitioner (GP) was the most frequently reported professional relation activated (22.5%). People reporting to have available personal relations were slightly less inclined to contact the GP (21.9%) when experiencing a symptom compared with people with no reported personal relations (26.8%). The most commonly activated personal relations were spouse/partner (56.4%) and friend (19.6%). More than a quarter of all reported symptom experiences was not shared with anyone, personal nor professional. The symptom experiences with the lowest frequency of network activation were symptoms such as black stool, constipation, change in stool texture and frequent urination.ConclusionThis study emphasises variation in the activation of network relations when experiencing a symptom. Symptoms were shared with both personal and professional relations, but different patterns of disclosures were discovered. For symptoms derived from the urogenital or colorectal region, the use of both personal and professional relations was relatively small, which might indicate reticence to involve other people when experiencing symptoms of that nature.

scholarly journals Drowning mortality by intent: a population-based cross-sectional study of 32 OECD countries, 2012–2014

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e021501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Hua Hsieh ◽  
Chien-Hsing Wang ◽  
Tsung-Hsueh Lu
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Undetermined Intent ◽  
Self Harm

ObjectiveTo compare the drowning mortality rates and proportion of deaths of each intent among all drowning deaths in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2012–2014.DesignA population-based cross-sectional study.Setting32 OECD countries.ParticipantsIndividuals in OECD countries who died from drowning.Main outcome measuresDrowning mortality rates (deaths per 100 000 population) and proportion (%) of deaths of each intent (ie, unintentional intent, intentional self-harm, assault, undetermined intent and all intents combined) among all drowning deaths.ResultsCountries with the highest drowning mortality rates (deaths per 100 000 population) were Estonia (3.53), Japan (3.49) and Greece (2.40) for unintentional intent; Ireland (0.96), Belgium (0.96) and Korea (0.89) for intentional self-harm; Austria (0.57), Korea (0.56) and Hungary (0.44) for undetermined intent and Japan (4.35), Estonia (3.70) and Korea (2.73) for all intents combined. Korea ranked 12th and 3rd for unintentional intent and all intents combined, respectively. By contrast, Belgium ranked 2nd and 15th for intentional self-harm and all intents combined, respectively. The proportion of deaths of each intent among all drowning deaths in each country varied greatly: from 26.2% in Belgium to 96.8% in Chile for unintentional intent; 0.7% in Mexico to 57.4% in Belgium for intentional self-harm; 0.0% in nine countries to 4.9% in Mexico for assault and 0.0% in Israel and Turkey to 38.3% in Austria for undetermined intent.ConclusionsA large variation in the practice of classifying undetermined intent in drowning deaths across countries was noted and this variation hinders valid international comparisons of intent-specific (unintentional and intentional self-harm) drowning mortality rates.

scholarly journals Relationship between right-to-left shunt and migraine in patients with epilepsy: a single-centre, cross-sectional study in China

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e024144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Xi Zhu ◽  
Xiangmiao Qiu ◽  
Yajiao Li ◽  
Yucheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Right ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between right-to-left shunt and migraine to account for the unexplained high prevalence of migraine in patients with epilepsy.DesignThis is a cross-sectional study. The diagnosis and interview process of patients with migraine was based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 beta in patients with epilepsy. Participants underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with contrast medium to identify right-to-left shunt. The highest number of microbubbles were recorded in the left atrium before the complete microbubble outflow of the right atrium. A moderate-to-large shunt was defined as the presence of 10 or more microbubbles.SettingA single-centre, cross-sectional study in China, 2015–2017.ParticipantsPatients with epilepsy.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were the prevalence of migraine, the prevalence of right-to-left shunt in patients with migraine and those without migraine, and the prevalence of migraine in different degrees of shunting.ResultsThree hundred thirty-nine participants with epilepsy who completed TTE were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of migraine was 23.0%. One-third of the migraineurs had mild right-to-left shunt and one-fifth of the migraineurs had moderate-to-large right-to-left shunt. Patients with mild shunt did not have a higher prevalence of migraine than those without shunt (26.3% vs 18.1%, p=0.102); however, a higher prevalence of migraine was found in patients with moderate-to-large shunt (39.0% vs 18.1%, OR=2.90, 95% CI=1.41 to 5.98, p=0.003). Patients with migraine and patients without migraine had similar prevalence of mild shunt; however, patients with migraine had more moderate-to-large shunt (20.5% vs 9.6%, p=0.002). Right-to-left shunt and female were factors predicting migraine prevalence.ConclusionsOne-fifth of migraineurs were correlated with moderate-to-large right-to-left shunt which could be an underlying cause of migraine in epilepsy.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety and Their Lifestyle Determinants in a Large Sample of Iranian Adults: Results from a Population Based Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Zeinab Alizadeh ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
Mehri Rejali ◽  
Hamid Afshar ◽  
Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractAssociation of lifestyle-related factors and mental health has been less studied in Middle Eastern countries. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of two common mental health problems, i.e., depression and anxiety, and their lifestyle determinants in a large sample of Iranian population.This study was conducted within the framework of SEPAHAN population based cross-sectional study (N=4763(. The General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPPAQ) was used to assess physical activity and the Iranian-validated version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was applied to screen for anxiety and depression. Logistic regression was used as the main statistical method for data analysis by SPSS version 16.0. A P-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.The risk of anxiety and depression was 2.5 (OR=2.56,95% CI: 1.97-3.33) and 2.21(1.83-2.67) times higher in women than men, respectively. With every one-year increase in the age, the risk of anxiety decreased by 2% (OR=0.98,95% CI:0.97-0.99). Individuals with higher education had 56% lower risk of anxiety (OR=0.44,95% CI: 0.36-0.55) and 46% depression (OR=0.54,95% CI: 0.46-0.64) than the undergraduate group, and the risk of depression in the inactive (less than one hour of activity per week) group was 27% higher than the active group (OR=1.27,95% CI: 1.06-1.51). The risk of anxiety in the non-smoker group was 65% (OR=0.35,95% CI: 0.20-0.59) and depression was 64% lower than among smokers (OR=0.34,95% CI:0.22-0.53). In the ex-smoker group, the risk of anxiety was 60% (OR=0.40,95% CI:0.19-0.85) and depression was 59% lower than for the smoker group (OR=0.41,95% CI: 0.24-0.73).This current study’s results demonstrated significant associations between unhealthy lifestyle factors and increased risk of anxiety and depression. Hence, special attention must be paid to preventive intervention programmes aiming to enhance healthy lifestyle among at-risk populations.

scholarly journals Assessment of the level of knowledge, awareness and management of hypertension and diabetes among adults in Imo and Kaduna states, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e043951
Author(s):  
Jennifer Anyanti ◽  
Selema Margaret Akuiyibo ◽  
Oluwole Fajemisin ◽  
Omokhudu Idogho ◽  
Babatunde Amoo
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Diabetes Knowledge ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Mean

ObjectivesThis study was designed to assess levels of awareness, knowledge, attitude and practices relating to hypertension and diabetes among adults aged 35 years resident in selected communities in Imo and Kaduna states, Nigeria.DesignA descriptive cross-sectional study.SettingSelected communities across 14 local government areas in Imo and Kaduna states were included.ParticipantsIn total, 824 adults, aged 35 years or older and resident in selected communities where the Access-N project was being implemented in Imo and Kaduna states participated in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe study assessed the level of hypertension and diabetes knowledge among the participants. Regular blood pressure (BP) and glucose screening practices were also examined as outcome measures.ResultsThe mean age of the respondents was 48.32 years. In total, 778 (94.4%) and 746 (90.5%) of the respondents were aware of hypertension and diabetes, respectively. The mean hypertension and diabetes knowledge scores (±SD) were 4.99 (±1.99) and 8.02 (±2.61), respectively. A total of 326 (41.9%) respondents aware of hypertension had a good knowledge of hypertension while 477 (63.9%) of those aware of diabetes had a good knowledge of diabetes. Levels of hypertension and diabetes knowledge were found to be associated with physical activity and the level of education of the respondents. About two-thirds (62.6%) and less than half (41.5%) of the respondents, respectively check their BP and blood glucose (BG) levels regularly (at least once yearly). Statistically significant associations were observed between age and regular BP and BG level checks.ConclusionsDespite the high awareness rate of hypertension and diabetes observed in this study and a relatively good knowledge about the two conditions, unhealthy lifestyle practices and non-regular routine screening abounds among the respondents. Thus, there is a need to improve access to quality information about hypertension and diabetes aimed at motivating adoption of healthy behaviours.

scholarly journals Trends in acid suppressant drug prescriptions in primary care in the UK: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e041529
Author(s):  
Devin Abrahami ◽  
Emily Gibson McDonald ◽  
Mireille Schnitzer ◽  
Laurent Azoulay
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveTo examine proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) prescribing patterns over a 29-year period by quantifying annual prevalence and prescribing intensity over time.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.SettingMore than 700 general practices contributing data to the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).ParticipantsWithin a cohort of 14 242 329 patients registered in the CPRD, 3 027 383 patients were prescribed at least one PPI or H2RA from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2018.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAnnual prescription rates were estimated by dividing the number of patients prescribed a PPI or H2RA by the total CPRD population. Change in prescribing intensity (number of prescriptions per year divided by person-years of follow-up) was calculated using negative binomial regression.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2018, 21.3% of the CPRD population was exposed to at least one acid suppressant drug. During that period, PPI prevalence increased from 0.2% to 14.2%, while H2RA prevalence remained low (range: 1.2%–3.4%). Yearly prescribing intensity to PPIs increased during the first 15 years of the study period but remained relatively constant for the remainder of the study period. In contrast, yearly prescribing intensity of H2RAs decreased from 1990 to 2009 but has begun to slightly increase over the past 5 years.ConclusionsWhile PPI prevalence has been increasing over time, its prescribing intensity has recently plateaued. Notwithstanding their efficacy, PPIs are associated with a number of adverse effects not attributed to H2RAs, whose prescribing intensity has begun to increase. Thus, H2RAs remain a valuable treatment option for individuals with gastric conditions.

scholarly journals Contact burns: the influence of agents and mechanisms of injury on anatomical burn locations in children <5 years old and associations with child protection referrals

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 580-586
Author(s):  
Assim Ali Javaid ◽  
Verity Bennett ◽  
Linda Hollén ◽  
Alison Mary Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Burn Units ◽  
Causative Agents

ObjectiveTo identify how causative agents and mechanisms of injury influence the location of an accidental contact burn in children and whether these factors differ in cases referred for child protection (CP) assessment.DesignProspective multicentre cross-sectional study.Setting20 hospital sites across England and Wales, including: emergency departments, minor injury units and regional burn units.PatientsChildren less than 5 years old who attended hospital for a contact burn (August 2015 to September 2018).Main outcome measuresLocation of burns with respect to agent and mechanism for accidental contact burns. Secondary outcome: mechanism, agent and location of burns referred for CP assessment.Results816 accidental burns and 92 referrals for CP assessment. The most common for accidental burns: mechanism was reaching while stationary (68%, 553/816), agent was oven (24.5%, 200/816) and site was the hand (69.2%, 565/816). Burns to head and trunk were rare at 3.7% (30/816). The data enabled a tabulation of the locations of burns as predicted by agent and mechanism of injury. The location of the burn was most strongly influenced by mechanism.Burns from irons (p<0.01), caused by mechanisms independent of the child (p=0.01), unwitnessed burns (p<0.001) and burns to the head and trunk (p<0.001) were significantly more common among the children referred for CP assessment.ConclusionsBy overlaying agent, mechanism and site it was possible to tabulate and quantify simple narratives of accidental contact burns in population of young children. These findings have the potential to aid clinicians in recognising accidental contact burns.

scholarly journals Self-reported insomnia as a marker for anxiety and depression among migraineurs: a population-based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Min Kim ◽  
Dong Hyun Lee ◽  
Eun Ju Lee ◽  
Yun Ho Roh ◽  
Won-Joo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sleep Study ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Population Based Survey

AbstractAnxiety, depression, and insomnia are highly prevalent among migraineurs and are associated with negative health consequences. Anxiety and depression, however, unlike insomnia, are usually underdiagnosed, due to less self-reporting of these two conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the risk of anxiety and depression in migraineurs with self-reported insomnia, using a general population-based sample. We used data from a nationwide population-based survey on headache and sleep, the Korean Headache-Sleep Study. Of all 2,695 participants, 143 (5.3%), 268 (10.0%), 116 (4.3%), and 290 (10.8%) were classified as having migraine, anxiety, depression, and self-reported insomnia, respectively. The risk of anxiety (odds ratio [OR] = 7.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.0–16.7) and depression (OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.3–8.5) was significantly increased in migraineurs with self-reported insomnia. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for anxiety in migraineurs with self-reported insomnia were 46.5%, 89.0%, 64.5%, and 79.5%, respectively. For depression, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 41.7%, 82.4%, 32.3%, and 87.5%, respectively. Self-reported insomnia is likely to be comorbid with anxiety and depression in migraineurs and could thus be a useful predictor of anxiety and depression in migraine.

scholarly journals Barriers to uptake of referral services from secondary care to tertiary care and its associated factors in L V Prasad Eye Institute network in Southern India: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e020687
Author(s):  
Rohit C Khanna ◽  
Sujeong Kim ◽  
Pyda Giridhar ◽  
Asha Latha Mettla ◽  
Srinivas Marmamula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveTo examine barriers to the uptake of referral services from secondary care centres to higher level tertiary care centres.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSecondary care hospital in Khammam District in the Telangana state of India.ParticipantsNine hundred and three patients who were referred from a secondary care centre to tertiary care centres between June 2011 and December 2012, were over the age of 18 and lived within 50 km of the secondary care centre were identified. Six hundred and sixteen (68.2%) of these patients were successfully contacted, and 611 (99%) of those contacted consented to participation in the study.InterventionsThose who attended at higher centres after referral (compliant) and those who failed to attend (non-compliant) were interviewed with a standard questionnaire designed for the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOutcome measures were barriers to the uptake of eye care services for the non-compliant participants and the associated risk factors for non-compliance.ResultsOf the contacted patients, 418 (68.4%) were compliant and 193 (31.6%) were non-compliant. The mean age of interviewed patients was 48.4 years (SD: 17.9 years) and 365 (59.7%) were male. Of those who did not comply with their referral, the major identified barriers were ‘cannot afford treatment cost’ (30%) and ‘able to see adequately’ (20.7%). Multivariable analysis showed that participants in the non-compliant group were more likely to have had only one prior visit to the centre (OR: 2.5, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.9), be referred for oculoplastic services (OR: 3.0, 95% CI 1.0 to 8.8) and to be the main earning member of the family (OR: 1.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.8).ConclusionsNon-compliance with referrals in this population is largely attributable to economic and attitudinal reasons. Focusing on these specific barriers and targeting groups at higher risk of non-compliance could potentially improve uptake of referral services.

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