scholarly journals Quantifying tobacco and alcohol imagery in Netflix and Amazon Prime instant video original programming accessed from the UK: a content analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e025807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander B Barker ◽  
Jordan Smith ◽  
Abby Hunter ◽  
John Britton ◽  
Rachael L Murray
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Video On Demand ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Prime Time ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Broadcast Television ◽  
Television Content ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesExposure to tobacco and alcohol content in audio-visual media is a risk factor for smoking and alcohol use in young people. Previous UK research has quantified tobacco and alcohol content in films and broadcast television but not that of video-on-demand (VOD) services such as Netflix and Amazon Prime. Furthermore, it is not clear whether regulation by Dutch (Netflix) or UK (Amazon Prime) authorities results in differences in content. We report an analysis of tobacco and alcohol content in a sample of episodes from the most popular programmes from these two VOD providers, and compare findings with earlier studies of UK prime-time television content.SettingUK.ParticipantsNone. Content analysis of a sample of 50 episodes from the five highest rated series released on Netflix and Amazon Prime in 2016, using 1 min interval coding of any tobacco or alcohol content, actual or implied use, paraphernalia and branding.ResultsOf 2704 intervals coded, any tobacco content appeared in 353 (13%) from 37 (74%) episodes. Any alcohol content appeared in 363 (13%) intervals in 47 (94%) episodes. There were no significant differences between the two services, however the proportion of episodes containing tobacco and alcohol was significantly higher in VOD original programmes than those recorded in an earlier study of prime-time UK television.ConclusionsAudio-visual tobacco and alcohol content is common in VOD original programmes and represents a further source of exposure to imagery causing smoking uptake and alcohol use in young people. This appears to be equally true of services regulated in the UK and The Netherlands. Given that VOD services are consumed by a global audience, it appears likely that VOD content is an important global driver of tobacco and alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals A content analysis of alcohol content in UK television

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander B Barker ◽  
Kathy Whittamore ◽  
John Britton ◽  
Rachael L Murray ◽  
Jo Cranwell
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Prime Time ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Programme Content ◽  
Air Channels ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Exposure to audio-visual alcohol content in media is associated with subsequent alcohol use in young people, but the extent of exposure contained in UK free-to-air prime-time television has not been explored since 2010. We report an analysis of alcohol content in a sample of UK free-to-air prime-time television broadcasts in 2015 and compare this with a similar analysis from 2010. Methods Content analysis of all programmes and advertisement/trailer breaks broadcast on the five national UK free-to-air channels in the UK between 6 and 10 pm during three separate weeks in September, October and November 2015. Results Alcohol content occurred in over 50% of all programmes broadcast and almost 50% of all advert/trailer periods between programmes. The majority of alcohol content occurred before the 9 pm watershed. Branding occurred in 3% of coded intervals and involved 122 brands, though three brands (Heineken, Corona and Fosters) accounted for almost half of all brand appearances. Conclusion Audio-visual alcohol content, including branding, is prevalent in UK television, and is therefore a potential driver of alcohol use in young people. These findings are virtually unchanged from our earlier analysis of programme content from 2010.

scholarly journals Tobacco and alcohol content in soap operas broadcast on UK television: a content analysis and population exposure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander B Barker ◽  
John Britton ◽  
Emily Thomson ◽  
Rachael L Murray
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Soap Operas ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Minute Interval ◽  
The Uk

ABSTRACT Background Exposure to tobacco and alcohol content in media is a risk factor for smoking and alcohol use in young people. Our previous research suggested that tobacco and alcohol imagery is common in soap operas. We now report an analysis of tobacco and alcohol content in a sample of soap operas broadcast in the UK. Methods We used 1-minute interval coding to quantify tobacco and alcohol content in all episodes (including advertisement breaks) of six soap operas broadcast on UK television during three separate weeks in November and December 2018 and January 2019. Results We coded 2222 intervals from 87 episodes and 360 intervals from 77 advertisement breaks. Tobacco content was rare, occurring in 4% of all intervals across 30% of episodes, the only tobacco appearances in adverts appeared in anti-smoking advertising. Alcohol occurred in 24% of intervals across 95% of episodes and in 13% of advertisement intervals. The programmes delivered ~381.28 million tobacco and 2.1 billion alcohol gross impressions to the UK population, including 18.91 million tobacco and 113 million alcohol gross impressions to children. Conclusion Whilst tobacco was rare, alcohol content was common, resulting in billions of viewer impressions. Soap operas represent a potential driver of alcohol consumption in young people.

scholarly journals A content analysis of tobacco and alcohol audio-visual content in a sample of UK reality TV programmes

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander B Barker ◽  
John Britton ◽  
Emily Thomson ◽  
Abby Hunter ◽  
Magdalena Opazo Breton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Reality Television ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Reality Tv ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Big Brother ◽  
Minute Interval ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Made In

Abstract Background Exposure to tobacco and alcohol content in audio-visual media is a risk factor for smoking and alcohol use in young people. We report an analysis of tobacco and alcohol content, and estimates of population exposure to this content, in a sample of reality television programmes broadcast in the UK. Methods We used 1-minute interval coding to quantify tobacco and alcohol content in all episodes of five reality TV programmes aired between January and August 2018 (Celebrity Big Brother; Made in Chelsea; The Only Way is Essex; Geordie Shore and Love Island), and estimated population exposure using viewing data and UK population estimates. Results We coded 5219 intervals from 112 episodes. Tobacco content appeared in 110 (2%) intervals in 20 (18%) episodes, and alcohol in 2212 (42%) intervals and in all episodes. The programmes delivered approximately 214 million tobacco gross impressions to the UK population, including 47.37 million to children; and for alcohol, 4.9 billion and 580 million respectively. Conclusion Tobacco, and especially alcohol, content is common in reality TV. The popularity of these programmes with young people, and consequent exposure to tobacco and alcohol imagery, represents a potentially major driver of smoking and alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Quantifying alcohol audio-visual content in UK broadcasts of the 2018 Formula 1 Championship: a content analysis and population exposure

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e037035
Author(s):  
Alexander Barker ◽  
Magdalena Opazo-Breton ◽  
Emily Thomson ◽  
John Britton ◽  
Bruce Grant-Braham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Minute Interval ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Advertising To Children ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesExposure to alcohol imagery is associated with subsequent alcohol use among young people, and UK broadcasting regulations protect young people from advertising alcohol content in UK television. However, alcohol promotion during sporting events, a significant potential medium of advertising to children, is exempt. We report an analysis and estimate the UK population exposure to, alcohol content, including branding, in UK broadcasts of the 2018 Formula 1 (F1) Championship.SettingUK.ParticipantsNone. Content analysis of broadcast footage of 21 2018 F1 Championship races on Channel 4, using 1-minute interval coding of any alcohol content, actual or implied use, other related content or branding. Census data and viewing figures were used to estimate gross and per capita alcohol impressions.ResultsAlcohol content occurred in all races, in 1613 (56%) 1-minute intervals of race footage and 44 (9%) of intervals across 28% of advertisement breaks. The most prominent content was branding, occurring in 51% of race intervals and 7% of advertisement break intervals, appearing predominantly on billboard advertisements around the track, with the Heineken and Johnnie Walker brands being particularly prominent. The 21 races delivered an estimated 3.9 billion alcohol gross impressions (95% CI 3.6 to 4.3) to the UK population, including 154 million (95% CI 124 to 184) to children, and 3.6 billion alcohol gross impressions of alcohol branding, including 141 million impressions to children. Branding was also shown in race footage from countries where alcohol promotion is prohibited.ConclusionsAlcohol content was highly prevalent in the 2018 F1 Championship broadcasts, delivering millions of alcohol impressions to young viewers. This exposure is likely to represent a significant driver of alcohol consumption among young people.

scholarly journals Content analysis of tobacco content in UK television

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander B Barker ◽  
Kathy Whittamore ◽  
John Britton ◽  
Jo Cranwell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Young People ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Media Analysis ◽  
Prime Time ◽  
Programme Content ◽  
Air Channels ◽  
The Uk

AimsExposure to audiovisual tobacco content in media is a risk factor for smoking in young people. While tobacco content in films has been extensively documented, content in mainstream television has received relatively little attention. We report an analysis of tobacco content in a sample of UK free-to-air prime-time television broadcasts in 2015, and compare this with a similar analysis from 2010.DesignContent analysis of all programmes and advertisements or trailers broadcast on the five national UK free-to-air channels in the UK between 18:00 and 22:00 during three separate weeks in September, October and November 2015.SettingGreat Britain.ParticipantsNone (media analysis only).MeasurementsOccurrence of any tobacco, tobacco use, implied use, other tobacco reference/related objects and branding in every 1 min coding interval.FindingsTobacco content occurred in 33% of all programmes and 8% of all adverts or programme trailer breaks. Actual tobacco use occurred in 12% of all programmes broadcast. Tobacco-related objects, primarily no smoking signs, occurred in 2% of broadcasts; implied tobacco use and tobacco branding were also rare. The majority of tobacco content occurred after the 21:00 watershed.ConclusionsThese findings are virtually unchanged from our earlier analysis of programme content from 2010. Audiovisual tobacco content remains common in UK television programmes.

scholarly journals A qualitative account of young people’s experiences of alcohol screening and brief interventions in schools: SIPS Jr-HIGH trial findings

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. e259-e267
Author(s):  
E L Giles ◽  
G J McGeechan ◽  
S J Scott ◽  
R McGovern ◽  
S Boniface ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Alcohol Screening ◽  
Screening And Brief Intervention ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background The United Kingdom (UK) has seen a decrease in the number of young people drinking alcohol. However, the UK prevalence of underage drinking still ranks amongst the highest in Western Europe. Whilst there is a wealth of evidence reporting on the effectiveness of both primary, and secondary interventions, there are few reports of the experiences of young people who receive them. Methods The present study reports findings from interviews with 33 young people who were involved in an alcohol screening and brief intervention randomized controlled trial in schools in England. All interviews were analysed using inductive applied thematic analysis. Results Three major themes were identified following the analysis process: 1) drinking identities and awareness of risk; 2) access to support and advice in relation to alcohol use; and 3) appraisal of the intervention and potential impact on alcohol use. Conclusions There appeared to be a reluctance from participants to describe themselves as someone who drinks alcohol. Furthermore, those who did drink alcohol often did so with parental permission. There was variation amongst participants as to how comfortable they felt talking about alcohol issues with school staff. Overall participants felt the intervention was useful, but would be better suited to ‘heavier’ drinkers.

scholarly journals Promotional Prime Time: "Advertainment," Internal Network Promotion, and the Future of Canadian Television

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Asquith ◽  
Alison Hearn
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Prime Time ◽  
Central Component ◽  
General Description ◽  
Television Content ◽  
Internal Network ◽  
Analyse De Contenu ◽  
Internal Promotions ◽  
Theoretical Overview

Drawing on critical cultural theory, the industry trade press, and an exploratory content analysis of prime-time television, this article examines the under-researched phenomenon of “internal network promotions.” The authors argue that internal promotions constitute a central component of the growing promotional orientation of Canadian prime-time television. They provide a theoretical overview of the practices of branding and a general description of the rise of “advertainment” on Canadian television. They then focus on the ways in whichn internal network promotions comprise a taken-for-granted “branded” backdrop against which television content, already heavily infiltrated by promotional interests, is mounted. The article concludes with a call for more research into the promotional nature of Canadian primetime television and its social, political, and cultural implications.Cet article a recours à la presse spécialisée pertinente, la théorie critique sur la culture et une analyse de contenu exploratoire de la télévision en période de pointe afin d’examiner le phénomène insuffisamment étudié de « promotions internes au réseau ». Les auteurs soutiennent que les promotions internes constituent une composante centrale de l’orientation promotionnelle croissante de la télévision canadienne en période de pointe. Ils fournissent un aperçu théorique des pratiques de stratégie de marque et une description générale de la montée du « publidivertissement » à la télévision au Canada. Les auteurs se concentrent ensuite sur les manières dont les promotions internes au réseau forment un arrière-plan pris pour acquis contre lequel le contenu télévisuel, déjà profondément infiltré par des intérêts promotionnels, se démarque. L’article conclut en recommandant davantage de recherches sur la nature promotionnelle de la télévision canadienne en période de pointe et sur les implications sociales, politiques et culturelles de cette nature.

scholarly journals A rapid systematic review of what we know about alcohol use disorders and brief interventions in the criminal justice system

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy Newbury-Birch ◽  
Ruth McGovern ◽  
Jennifer Birch ◽  
Gillian O'Neill ◽  
Hannah Kaner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Brief Interventions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Uk

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the evidence of alcohol use disorders within the different stages of the criminal justice system in the UK. Furthermore it reviewed the worldwide evidence of alcohol brief interventions in the various stages of the criminal justice system. Design/methodology/approach – A rapid systematic review of publications was conducted from the year 2000 to 2014 regarding the prevalence of alcohol use disorders in the various stages of the criminal justice system. The second part of the work was a rapid review of effectiveness studies of interventions for alcohol brief interventions. Studies were included if they had a comparison group. Worldwide evidence was included that consisted of up to three hours of face-to-face brief intervention either in one session or numerous sessions. Findings – This review found that 64-88 per cent of adults in the police custody setting; 95 per cent in the magistrate court setting; 53-69 per cent in the probation setting and 5,913-863 per cent in the prison system and 64 per cent of young people in the criminal justice system in the UK scored positive for an alcohol use disorder. There is very little evidence of effectiveness of brief interventions in the various stages of the criminal justice system mainly due to the lack of follow-up data. Social implications – Brief alcohol interventions have a large and robust evidence base for reducing alcohol use in risky drinkers, particularly in primary care settings. However, there is little evidence of effect upon drinking levels in criminal justice settings. Whilst the approach shows promise with some effects being shown on alcohol-related harm as well as with young people in the USA, more robust research is needed to ascertain effectiveness of alcohol brief interventions in this setting. Originality/value – This paper provides evidence of alcohol use disorders in the different stages of the criminal justice system in the UK using a validated tool as well as reviewing the worldwide evidence for short ( < three hours) alcohol brief intervention in this setting.

scholarly journals Depictions of Alcohol in Australian TV ‘Bachelor In Paradise’: A Content Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 674-680
Author(s):  
Annette L Purdey ◽  
Caroline L Miller ◽  
Jacqueline A Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Reality Tv ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Tv Show

Abstract Aims To quantify the depictions of alcohol in the popular Australian reality TV show—Bachelor in Paradise (season 1: 2018). Methods All 16 episodes were coded in 1-min intervals for the presence of alcoholic beverage related content and non-alcoholic beverage content, and the categories of actual use, implied use and other references. Results Alcohol was highly prevalent in all episodes. Alcohol content occurred frequently, with 70.7% of intervals having any alcohol content. Actual alcohol use occurred in 31.9% of 1-min intervals, implied alcohol use occurred in 63.4% of intervals and other alcohol references occurred in 14.0% of intervals. Alcohol content was present in the first or second 1-min interval of all 16 episodes. Alcohol content was more than twice as prevalent as non-alcoholic content (34.0%). Conclusions The high volume of alcohol content depicted in the show is of concern, due to the important influence it may have on the audience. Vulnerable viewers, especially minors and young adults, are being exposed to ubiquitous alcohol references. This may influence their perceptions of normal alcohol use, their attitudes toward alcohol and their own consumption of alcohol. A stronger regulatory regime is required in Australia to protect young people more effectively from depictions in television programs.

Video-on-Demand as Public Service Television

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Video On Demand ◽  
The Internet ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Commercial Media ◽  
Air Content ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Television Content ◽  
Quality Programming ◽  
The Uk

Public service broadcasters (PSBs) are operating in a media landscape in which the increased convergence of the Internet and television has blurred the distinctions between broadcast and on-demand TV. In this environment, people can switch easily between live/linear and on-demand viewing within the same interface and access television content through a range of online and Internet-connected services. This chapter suggests that the case for PSB becomes stronger as traditional broadcast and Internet services merge. In a fully commercial media landscape, economically disadvantaged audiences are under-served because they are less able to pay for services and less attractive to advertisers. By providing free-to-air content, PSBs ensure that video-on-demand serves all of the UK public with high-quality programming that entertains, educates, and informs.

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