scholarly journals Prevalence of psychoactive substance use among acutely hospitalised patients in Oslo and Moscow: a cross-sectional, observational study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e032572
Author(s):  
Danil Gamboa ◽  
Benedicte Jørgenrud ◽  
Evgeny A Bryun ◽  
Vigdis Vindenes ◽  
Evgenya A Koshkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Medicinal Drugs ◽  
Medicinal Drug

ObjectivesThe use of psychoactive prescription medication is increasing in the general population. This is a cause for concern, particularly among the elderly, where physiological changes related to senescence increase the risk for adverse effects. While previous studies regarding psychoactive substance use have generally been population based, we sought to determine the frequency of such use among acutely hospitalised patients.SettingTwo emergency departments (EDs), one in Oslo and one in Moscow, admitting patients to Departments of Internal Medicine.Participants5583 patients aged ≥18 years participated, distributed evenly between genders and study locations. Patients unable to give informed consent were excluded. The study sites did not admit patients with surgical conditions and/or injuries.Primary and secondary outcomesThe presence of psychoactive substances was determined through blood analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Secondary outcomes comprised demographic data (including age, gender, employment and marital status), degree of psychological distress, concurrent alcohol use, and self-reported alcohol, psychoactive drug and illicit substance use.Results32.3% in Oslo and 12% in Moscow were positive for one or more psychoactive medicinal drugs (benzodiazepines, z-hypnotics, opioids or barbiturates). In Oslo, medicinal drug use was associated with being aged 61 to 70 years (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.61 to 3.58) compared with 18 to 40 years, and psychological distress (OR 2.61, 95% CI 2.06 to 3.30). In Moscow, psychoactive medicinal drug use was also associated with psychological distress (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.39), and was less common among patients aged 41 to 60 years (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.88) than among patients aged 18 to 40 years.ConclusionA significant proportion of admitted patients used one or more psychoactive medicinal drugs, in particular benzodiazepines (Oslo and Moscow) and opiates (Oslo). We suggest formalised screening for inappropriate prescription drug use and increased adherence to clinical prescription guidelines.

scholarly journals Impulsivity and family conflict as predictors of illegal psychoactive substance use in adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. e1334
Author(s):  
Nicole Guadalupe Vallejo Alviter ◽  
Jorge Luis Arellanez Hernández ◽  
Catalina Francisca González Forteza ◽  
Fernando Wagner Echeagaray
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Substance Use Prevention ◽  
School Students ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

This research studies impulsiveness and family conflict as predictors of illegal psychoactive substance use. The objective of this research was to analyze the differences in impulsiveness and family conflict between high school student users and non-users of illegal psychoactive substances. A quantitative methodology through a cross-sectional, correlational study was carried out. A questionnaire composed by the Plutchik scale of impulsiveness, some items of the Climent, Aragón and Plutchik Scale of Impulsivity and indicators to explore consumption of psychoactive substances. The sample was composed by 344 high school students of the municipality of Emiliano Zapata in Veracruz, México. The results show that 9.0% have consumed illegal drugs. A correlation was found between family conflict, impulsivity and use of psychoactive substances. We found that impulsivity and risk taking are predictors of illegal drug use. The results show that impulsivity is a factor related to drug use and it is necessary to design interventions that favor management of emotions and decision making in adolescents, as well as the participation of the family in substance use prevention programs. 

scholarly journals Psychoactive substance use among outpatients with severe mental illness: A comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladipo A. Sowunmi ◽  
Gbolagade Amoo ◽  
Peter O. Onifade ◽  
Adegboyega Ogunwale ◽  
Emmanuel Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Background: Despite several studies on the prevalence and pattern of substance use in Nigeria, there is little information on substance use in patients diagnosed with serious mental illness (SMI) such as schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder (BD).Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the pattern of psychoactive substance use among outpatients with BD and schizophrenia.Setting: The study was conducted in a neuropsychiatric hospital in Nigeria.Methods: Seventy five consecutive patients with a MINI-PLUS diagnosis of BD were compared with an equal number of patients obtained by systematic random sampling with a MINI-PLUS diagnosis of schizophrenia.Results: The respondents with schizophrenia were aged 18–59 years (37.2 ± 9.99) and were predominantly young adult (49, 65.3%), men (46, 61.3%), who were never married (38, 50.7%). Overall, lifetime drug use prevalence was 52%, while for current use, overall prevalence was 21.3%. Participants with BD were aged 18–63 years (36.7 ± 10.29) and were predominantly young adult (53, 70.7%), women (44, 58.7%), who were married (32, 42.7%), with tertiary education (31, 41.3%). Overall, lifetime drug use prevalence was 46.7%, while current overall prevalence was 17.3%. These rates (lifetime and current) for both diagnostic groups are higher than what was reported by the World Health Organization in the global status report of 2014 (0% – 16%). The statistically significant difference between the two diagnostic groups was related to their sociodemographic and clinical variables and psychoactive substance use.Conclusion: Psychoactive substance use remains a burden in the care of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and BD. Future policies should incorporate routine screening for substance use at the outpatient department with a view to stemming the tide of this menace.

scholarly journals Influence of Prevalence of Psychoactive Substance Use in Mexican Municipalities on Early Childhood Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10027
Author(s):  
Francisco-Javier Prado-Galbarro ◽  
Copytzy Cruz-Cruz ◽  
Jorge-Ameth Villatoro-Velázquez ◽  
Juan-Manuel Martínez-Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Illegal Drug Use ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Children’s early development is influenced by characteristics of the child, family, and environment, including exposure to substance abuse. The aim was to examine the association of early childhood development (ECD) with the prevalence of psychoactive substance use in Mexican municipalities. We obtained ECD data from the 2015 Survey of Boys, Girls, and Women (ENIM, for its Spanish acronym), measured with the ECD Index. The prevalence of psychoactive substance use was estimated at the municipal level, using the 2016 National Survey of Drug, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use (ENCODAT, for its Spanish acronym). Multilevel logistic models were fitted to evaluate the association between drug use and inadequacies in ECD overall and in four specific ECD domains: socio-emotional, literacy-numeric, learning, and physical. Inadequate ECD was directly associated with illegal drug use (OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.17). For the specific ECD domains, inadequate socio-emotional development was directly associated with illegal drug use (OR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.15). These findings suggest that exposure to illegal drug use may influence ECD, and especially can lead to socio-emotional problems, although this cannot be considered the unanimous determinant of the problems presented. The implementation of evidence-based interventions to prevent drug abuse is necessary.

Psychoactive Substance Use among Adolescents in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria: Prevalence and Association with Anxiety and Depression

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinbote, J. A. ◽  
Omigbodun O. O.
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Psychoactive substance use among adolescents is a global public health problem and a serious concern for mental health professionals especially when co-morbid with anxiety and depression. The current study determined the prevalence of adolescents’ psychoactive substance use and its association with anxiety, depression and sociodemographic correlates. Participants (n=1059) completed the Socio-demographic Data Schedule, the World Health Organization (WHO) Student Drug Use Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The lifetime prevalence of adolescents’ psychoactive substance use was 57.2%. Logistic regression revealed that adolescents’ psychoactive substance use was increased three-fold by anxiety and it was significantly and independently predicted by older age, poor academic performance, family background, low social class and parental drug use (p< 0.05). This suggests that anxiety among other factors should be particularly sought among adolescents with substance use problems.

scholarly journals Uso de psicoativos enquanto hábito de sociabilidade: observações sobre as ruas da Cidade Baixa (Porto Alegre/RS)

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jardel Fischer Loeck
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Chemical Dependence ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
The City

O presente artigo tem por objetivo, em primeiro lugar, apontar para a possibilidade de definir as práticas de uso das substâncias psicoativas ilícitas a partir de um referencial positivo, ou ao menos não negativado de antemão, relacionando-as a práticas de sociabilidade, tal qual Simmel as definiu, e também a partir da ideia de hábito desenvolvida por Bachelard. Este percurso tem o intuito de contrapor estas práticas à negatividade da “dependência química” entendida como uma doença. Em um segundo momento são apresentadas reflexões iniciais a respeito de um circuito específico no qual são consumidas algumas dessas substâncias, e também no qual o uso das mesmas é, de certa forma, facilmente observado principalmente no período noturno: o bairro Cidade Baixa, na cidade de Porto Alegre/RS. Palavras chave: Uso de drogas. Hábito. Sociabilidade.   Psychoactive substance use as habit of sociability: Comments on the Cidade Baixa streets in Porto Alegre/ RS  Abstract   At first, this article’s main objective is to emphasize the possibility of positive or not a priori negative interpretations concerning the uses of illicit psychoactive substances. Relating these practices to Simmel’s concept of sociability and Bachelard’s idea of habit, the intention is to oppose them to the negativity of the disease known as “chemical dependence”. In the second part of the text are presented initial reflections about a specific urban region in which some of these substances are consumed and, in a certain way, especially at night, it is a region that easily permits the observation of these practices: the district of Cidade Baixa, in the city of Porto Alegre/RS. Keywords: Drug use. Habit. Sociability.

scholarly journals The Change in Psychoactive Substance Consumption in Relation to Psychological Stress During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Uruguay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ruiz ◽  
Florencia Semblat ◽  
Ricardo Pautassi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Substance Consumption

Objective: to analyze how the health crisis associated with the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected psychoactive substance consumption in Uruguay. Method: An online survey was answered by 1916 Uruguayan citizens between March 26th and April 5th, 2020. They were surveyed on psychoactive substance use before and after the instauration of a recommended quarantine, and on increases in frequency and volume of use (during the quarantine) of the psychoactive substance they reported as having consumed the most in the year prior to the quarantine, and psychological distress experienced during the last month. Results: The main substances consumed during the quarantine were alcohol, tobacco, marihuana, and psychopharmaceuticals. Approximately 29.0% increased the volume (and 17.7% the frequency) of use of the substance they had consumed the most the year before the instauration of the quarantine. Moreover, 5.6% initiated the consumption of a new psychoactive substance during the quarantine, mostly marihuana and psychopharmaceuticals. Psychological distress was significantly higher in women, in participants under 30 years old and in those that increased the volume of their preferred substance or increased the volume of the second preferred psychoactive substance. Membership into the group reporting an increase in the volume of use of the preferred psychoactive substance was associated with greater psychological distress. Conclusions: These results indicate an association between the instauration of the recommended quarantine in Uruguay and greater psychoactive substance use during the period, as well as an association between increased psychoactive substance use during this period and levels of psychological stress. These results are relevant in terms of public health and public policies. Keywords: COVID-19, pandemic, Uruguay, psychoactive substances

scholarly journals Pattern and associated factors of psychoactive substance use among undergraduate students in a North-eastern Nigerian University

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
D. Sulyman ◽  
K.A. Ayanda ◽  
Y.M. Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Objective: There is an increased trend in the use of psychoactive substances among youths in Northern Nigeria. Youths use substances to enhance  performances. Studies have shown associations between drug use and psychiatric morbidity. This study examined the use of psychoactive  substances among undergraduates. It also assessed the presence of psychiatric morbidity among the users and nonusers of psychoactive drugs. Method: The study was a cross-sectional study using WHO Student Drug Use Survey Questionnaire and GHQ-12 for 983 undergraduates of a northern Nigeria university. Results: The prevalence rate of psychoactive substance use was 36.5%. Tobacco, stimulants and alcohol were commonly used drugs. Parental separation and fathers' use of drugs were factors associated with the use of psychoactive substances. Psychiatric morbidity among substance users and non-users were 31.0% and 11.8% Conclusion: The study found high rate for the use of psychoactive substances among the students with correspondingly high rate of psychiatric morbidity among the users of psychoactive substances. Keywords: Psychoactive substance; Psychiatric morbidity; undergraduate students.

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