Psychoactive Substance Use among Adolescents in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria: Prevalence and Association with Anxiety and Depression

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinbote, J. A. ◽  
Omigbodun O. O.
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Psychoactive substance use among adolescents is a global public health problem and a serious concern for mental health professionals especially when co-morbid with anxiety and depression. The current study determined the prevalence of adolescents’ psychoactive substance use and its association with anxiety, depression and sociodemographic correlates. Participants (n=1059) completed the Socio-demographic Data Schedule, the World Health Organization (WHO) Student Drug Use Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The lifetime prevalence of adolescents’ psychoactive substance use was 57.2%. Logistic regression revealed that adolescents’ psychoactive substance use was increased three-fold by anxiety and it was significantly and independently predicted by older age, poor academic performance, family background, low social class and parental drug use (p< 0.05). This suggests that anxiety among other factors should be particularly sought among adolescents with substance use problems.

scholarly journals Psychoactive substance use among outpatients with severe mental illness: A comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladipo A. Sowunmi ◽  
Gbolagade Amoo ◽  
Peter O. Onifade ◽  
Adegboyega Ogunwale ◽  
Emmanuel Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Background: Despite several studies on the prevalence and pattern of substance use in Nigeria, there is little information on substance use in patients diagnosed with serious mental illness (SMI) such as schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder (BD).Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the pattern of psychoactive substance use among outpatients with BD and schizophrenia.Setting: The study was conducted in a neuropsychiatric hospital in Nigeria.Methods: Seventy five consecutive patients with a MINI-PLUS diagnosis of BD were compared with an equal number of patients obtained by systematic random sampling with a MINI-PLUS diagnosis of schizophrenia.Results: The respondents with schizophrenia were aged 18–59 years (37.2 ± 9.99) and were predominantly young adult (49, 65.3%), men (46, 61.3%), who were never married (38, 50.7%). Overall, lifetime drug use prevalence was 52%, while for current use, overall prevalence was 21.3%. Participants with BD were aged 18–63 years (36.7 ± 10.29) and were predominantly young adult (53, 70.7%), women (44, 58.7%), who were married (32, 42.7%), with tertiary education (31, 41.3%). Overall, lifetime drug use prevalence was 46.7%, while current overall prevalence was 17.3%. These rates (lifetime and current) for both diagnostic groups are higher than what was reported by the World Health Organization in the global status report of 2014 (0% – 16%). The statistically significant difference between the two diagnostic groups was related to their sociodemographic and clinical variables and psychoactive substance use.Conclusion: Psychoactive substance use remains a burden in the care of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and BD. Future policies should incorporate routine screening for substance use at the outpatient department with a view to stemming the tide of this menace.

scholarly journals Impulsivity and family conflict as predictors of illegal psychoactive substance use in adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. e1334
Author(s):  
Nicole Guadalupe Vallejo Alviter ◽  
Jorge Luis Arellanez Hernández ◽  
Catalina Francisca González Forteza ◽  
Fernando Wagner Echeagaray
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Substance Use Prevention ◽  
School Students ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

This research studies impulsiveness and family conflict as predictors of illegal psychoactive substance use. The objective of this research was to analyze the differences in impulsiveness and family conflict between high school student users and non-users of illegal psychoactive substances. A quantitative methodology through a cross-sectional, correlational study was carried out. A questionnaire composed by the Plutchik scale of impulsiveness, some items of the Climent, Aragón and Plutchik Scale of Impulsivity and indicators to explore consumption of psychoactive substances. The sample was composed by 344 high school students of the municipality of Emiliano Zapata in Veracruz, México. The results show that 9.0% have consumed illegal drugs. A correlation was found between family conflict, impulsivity and use of psychoactive substances. We found that impulsivity and risk taking are predictors of illegal drug use. The results show that impulsivity is a factor related to drug use and it is necessary to design interventions that favor management of emotions and decision making in adolescents, as well as the participation of the family in substance use prevention programs. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of psychoactive substance use among acutely hospitalised patients in Oslo and Moscow: a cross-sectional, observational study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e032572
Author(s):  
Danil Gamboa ◽  
Benedicte Jørgenrud ◽  
Evgeny A Bryun ◽  
Vigdis Vindenes ◽  
Evgenya A Koshkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Medicinal Drugs ◽  
Medicinal Drug

ObjectivesThe use of psychoactive prescription medication is increasing in the general population. This is a cause for concern, particularly among the elderly, where physiological changes related to senescence increase the risk for adverse effects. While previous studies regarding psychoactive substance use have generally been population based, we sought to determine the frequency of such use among acutely hospitalised patients.SettingTwo emergency departments (EDs), one in Oslo and one in Moscow, admitting patients to Departments of Internal Medicine.Participants5583 patients aged ≥18 years participated, distributed evenly between genders and study locations. Patients unable to give informed consent were excluded. The study sites did not admit patients with surgical conditions and/or injuries.Primary and secondary outcomesThe presence of psychoactive substances was determined through blood analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Secondary outcomes comprised demographic data (including age, gender, employment and marital status), degree of psychological distress, concurrent alcohol use, and self-reported alcohol, psychoactive drug and illicit substance use.Results32.3% in Oslo and 12% in Moscow were positive for one or more psychoactive medicinal drugs (benzodiazepines, z-hypnotics, opioids or barbiturates). In Oslo, medicinal drug use was associated with being aged 61 to 70 years (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.61 to 3.58) compared with 18 to 40 years, and psychological distress (OR 2.61, 95% CI 2.06 to 3.30). In Moscow, psychoactive medicinal drug use was also associated with psychological distress (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.39), and was less common among patients aged 41 to 60 years (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.88) than among patients aged 18 to 40 years.ConclusionA significant proportion of admitted patients used one or more psychoactive medicinal drugs, in particular benzodiazepines (Oslo and Moscow) and opiates (Oslo). We suggest formalised screening for inappropriate prescription drug use and increased adherence to clinical prescription guidelines.

scholarly journals Knowledge of Health Consequences of Psychoactive Substance Use among Senior Secondary School Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
Winifred A Ojieabu ◽  
Shakirat I Bello ◽  
John E Arute ◽  
Adebukola A Tijani ◽  
Lionel O Okunye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
School Students ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

The rate of psychoactive substance (PAS) use in the adolescent group is increasing around the world. Drug abuse has a negative impact on students’ education especially that of secondary school students. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of psychoactive substance use and knowledge of the health consequences among secondary school students in Ogun State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 528 consenting students selected using random sampling method. Data obtained using a validated modified World Health Organization’s guidelines questionnaire were analyzed with SPSS 20, p-Value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Majority (78.8%) were within the age group 15-18 years, males were 61.4%. Alcohol (95.0%) ranked first of all the substances been consumed among the current PAS users. Age was highly significantly associated with PAS use. Average knowledge of health consequences of PAS use was 11.5%. There is need for continuous health educational intervention to boost the respondents’ knowledge about health consequences of uses of psychoactive substances. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 19(2): 199-205, 2020 (December)

scholarly journals 9-year review of new psychoactive substance use in Hong Kong: A clinical laboratory perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalene HY Tang ◽  
LY Hung ◽  
CK Lai ◽  
CK Ching ◽  
Tony Wing Lai Mak
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
New Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Background: New psychoactive substances are constantly evolving structural analogues of traditional drugs of abuse that have become a threat to public health worldwide and within our locality. An understanding of the local pattern of new psychoactive substance use will help guide frontline clinical management. Objectives: This study was conducted to review the new psychoactive substances detected in cases referred to the authors’ laboratory (a tertiary clinical toxicology centre), as well as the associated clinical features and toxicological findings. Methods: All cases referred to the laboratory for toxicology analysis between January 2009 and December 2017, and which were analytically confirmed to involve new psychoactive substance use, were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, clinical features and toxicology findings were studied. Results: A total of 111 cases involving 104 patients and 22 types of new psychoactive substances were identified, with an increasing trend in the number of cases and subclass of new psychoactive substances detected. Up to half of the cases (n = 64) were related to the use of 2-phenyl-2-(ethylamino)-cyclohexanone (2-oxo-PCE, a ketamine analogue); other new psychoactive substances detected included para-methoxymethamphetamine, 4-fluoroamphetamine, phenazepam, 3-trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine, 5-methoxy-diisopropyltryptamine, 2-diphenylmethylpyrrolidine, methoxyphenidine, the N-methoxybenzyl drugs, cathinones, synthetic cannabinoids and opioids. Among the acute poisoning cases attributable to new psychoactive substance use, the severity was fatal (n = 3), severe (n = 17), moderate (n = 67) and minor (n = 17). And 11 patients required intensive care unit admission. All three fatal cases were associated with para-methoxymethamphetamine use. Conclusion: A rising trend of new psychoactive substance use is observed locally, which is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Continued vigilance from frontline clinicians and medical professionals is imperative in the combat against new psychoactive substance use.

scholarly journals Influence of Prevalence of Psychoactive Substance Use in Mexican Municipalities on Early Childhood Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10027
Author(s):  
Francisco-Javier Prado-Galbarro ◽  
Copytzy Cruz-Cruz ◽  
Jorge-Ameth Villatoro-Velázquez ◽  
Juan-Manuel Martínez-Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Illegal Drug Use ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Children’s early development is influenced by characteristics of the child, family, and environment, including exposure to substance abuse. The aim was to examine the association of early childhood development (ECD) with the prevalence of psychoactive substance use in Mexican municipalities. We obtained ECD data from the 2015 Survey of Boys, Girls, and Women (ENIM, for its Spanish acronym), measured with the ECD Index. The prevalence of psychoactive substance use was estimated at the municipal level, using the 2016 National Survey of Drug, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use (ENCODAT, for its Spanish acronym). Multilevel logistic models were fitted to evaluate the association between drug use and inadequacies in ECD overall and in four specific ECD domains: socio-emotional, literacy-numeric, learning, and physical. Inadequate ECD was directly associated with illegal drug use (OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.17). For the specific ECD domains, inadequate socio-emotional development was directly associated with illegal drug use (OR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.15). These findings suggest that exposure to illegal drug use may influence ECD, and especially can lead to socio-emotional problems, although this cannot be considered the unanimous determinant of the problems presented. The implementation of evidence-based interventions to prevent drug abuse is necessary.

scholarly journals Uso de psicoativos enquanto hábito de sociabilidade: observações sobre as ruas da Cidade Baixa (Porto Alegre/RS)

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jardel Fischer Loeck
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Chemical Dependence ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
The City

O presente artigo tem por objetivo, em primeiro lugar, apontar para a possibilidade de definir as práticas de uso das substâncias psicoativas ilícitas a partir de um referencial positivo, ou ao menos não negativado de antemão, relacionando-as a práticas de sociabilidade, tal qual Simmel as definiu, e também a partir da ideia de hábito desenvolvida por Bachelard. Este percurso tem o intuito de contrapor estas práticas à negatividade da “dependência química” entendida como uma doença. Em um segundo momento são apresentadas reflexões iniciais a respeito de um circuito específico no qual são consumidas algumas dessas substâncias, e também no qual o uso das mesmas é, de certa forma, facilmente observado principalmente no período noturno: o bairro Cidade Baixa, na cidade de Porto Alegre/RS. Palavras chave: Uso de drogas. Hábito. Sociabilidade.   Psychoactive substance use as habit of sociability: Comments on the Cidade Baixa streets in Porto Alegre/ RS  Abstract   At first, this article’s main objective is to emphasize the possibility of positive or not a priori negative interpretations concerning the uses of illicit psychoactive substances. Relating these practices to Simmel’s concept of sociability and Bachelard’s idea of habit, the intention is to oppose them to the negativity of the disease known as “chemical dependence”. In the second part of the text are presented initial reflections about a specific urban region in which some of these substances are consumed and, in a certain way, especially at night, it is a region that easily permits the observation of these practices: the district of Cidade Baixa, in the city of Porto Alegre/RS. Keywords: Drug use. Habit. Sociability.

scholarly journals Artists and psychoactive substances use

Psychiatriki ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efthymia Patsika ◽  
Minerva-Melpomeni Malliori
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Notion ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Study Hypothesis

It is a well-established common notion that artists appear to use and abuse psychoactive substances more frequently and heavily than non-artists. The purpose of this study was to investigate if this holds true. The sample consisted of 118 participants, both artists and non-artists. They were asked to complete the ASSIST questionnaire, developed by the World Health Organization, that includes closed questions on substance use along with an additional questionnaire on demographic characteristics. The questionnaires were posted online in a digital platform. The artists scored significantly higher on substance use than the other professionals. Women reported less psychoactive substance use compared to men. The results confirmed the study hypothesis, in line with previous research findings. The number of similar studies in the international literature is limited. Our results are particularly useful but due to significant limitations of this study further investigation is suggested, as well as further examination of the causes of the phenomenon.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Pattern of Psychoactive Substance use among Senior Secondary School Students in Community Secondary School, Umuna, Orlu L.G.A

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
C. C. N. Vincent ◽  
Emanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu ◽  
Ifeyinwa Stephina Agu ◽  
Agnes Chinyere Onyekachi-Chigbu
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
School Students ◽  
Senior Secondary School ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Senior Secondary

Psychoactive substance use among Secondary School Students has become an increasing public health problem in many countries. This study assessed the prevalence and patterns of psychoactive substance use among senior secondary school students of community secondary school, Umuna. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which a sample size of 231 students was selected using simple random sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was questionnaire and data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and presented using tables. The study revealed that alcohol and tobacco were the most commonly abused substance. It also revealed that more than half (51.1%) of the respondents use substance on a daily basis and smoking and sniffing were the most common patterns used. Factors influencing substance use included; peer group pressure and family background. There is a psychoactive substance. It was recommended that Government should ensure the enforcement of anti-psychoactive substance laws and health workers should be trained on how to identify addicts, prevent, and treat victims of drug abuse.

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