scholarly journals Outbreak response intervention models of vaccine-preventable diseases in humans and foot-and-mouth disease in livestock: a protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e036172
Author(s):  
James M Azam ◽  
Elisha B Are ◽  
Xiaoxi Pang ◽  
Matthew J Ferrari ◽  
Juliet R C Pulliam
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Response Decision ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionOutbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases continue to threaten public health, despite the proven effectiveness of vaccines. Interventions such as vaccination, social distancing and palliative care are usually implemented, either individually or in combination, to control these outbreaks. Mathematical models are often used to assess the impact of these interventions and for supporting outbreak response decision making. The objectives of this systematic review, which covers all human vaccine-preventable diseases, are to determine the relative impact of vaccination compared with other outbreak interventions, and to ascertain the temporal trends in the use of modelling in outbreak response decision making. We will also identify gaps and opportunities for future research through a comparison with the foot-and-mouth disease outbreak response modelling literature, which has good examples of the use of modelling to inform outbreak response intervention decision making.Methods and analysisWe searched on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and some preprint servers from the start of indexing to 15 January 2020. Inclusion: modelling studies, published in English, that use a mechanistic approach to evaluate the impact of an outbreak intervention. Exclusion: reviews, and studies that do not describe or use mechanistic models or do not describe an outbreak. We will extract data from the included studies such as their objectives, model types and composition, and conclusions on the impact of the intervention. We will ascertain the impact of models on outbreak response decision making through visualisation of time trends in the use of the models. We will also present our results in narrative style.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will not require any ethics approval since it only involves scientific articles. The review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and at various conferences fitting its scope.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020160803.

scholarly journals Novel antibody binding determinants on the capsid surface of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1104-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin S. Asfor ◽  
Sasmita Upadhyaya ◽  
Nick J. Knowles ◽  
Donald P. King ◽  
David J. Paton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Antigenic Sites ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Impact

Five neutralizing antigenic sites have been described for serotype O foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDV) based on monoclonal antibody (mAb) escape mutant studies. However, a mutant virus selected to escape neutralization of mAb binding at all five sites was previously shown to confer complete cross-protection with the parental virus in guinea pig challenge studies, suggesting that amino acid residues outside the mAb binding sites contribute to antibody-mediated in vivo neutralization of FMDV. Comparison of the ability of bovine antisera to neutralize a panel of serotype O FMDV identified three novel putative sites at VP2-74, VP2-191 and VP3-85, where amino acid substitutions correlated with changes in sero-reactivity. The impact of these positions was tested using site-directed mutagenesis to effect substitutions at critical amino acid residues within an infectious copy of FMDV O1 Kaufbeuren (O1K). Recovered viruses containing additional mutations at VP2-74 and VP2-191 exhibited greater resistance to neutralization with both O1K guinea pig and O BFS bovine antisera than a virus that was engineered to include only mutations at the five known antigenic sites. The changes at VP2-74 and VP3-85 are adjacent to critical amino acids that define antigenic sites 2 and 4, respectively. However VP2-191 (17 Å away from VP2-72), located at the threefold axis and more distant from previously identified antigenic sites, exhibited the most profound effect. These findings extend our knowledge of the surface features of the FMDV capsid known to elicit neutralizing antibodies, and will improve our strategies for vaccine strain selection and rational vaccine design.

Business Reactions to the 2001 Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreak in Scotland

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Kenyon ◽  
Alana Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

The paper focuses on two aspects of the 2001 foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in Scotland that have been largely ignored: first, business managers perceptions of the impact of FMD during and immediately after the outbreak; and second, reactions to the outbreak in terms of action taken by businesses and advice sought. A panel survey of non-farm businesses conducted in April, June and September of 2001 is analysed to shed light on these issues. We find that even at the time, the vast majority of businesses did not report any real impact, although businesses in rural areas and in the tourism industry were more likely to feel some impact - either positive or negative. We show that business managers appeared to favour private sources of advice, although some public sources were found to be very useful, and that some actions, such as increased advertising in tourism businesses, could be more effective than others, such as making redundancies. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of the findings for contingency planning in the event of future FMD outbreaks.

scholarly journals Outcomes following severe hand foot and mouth disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 763-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eben Jones ◽  
Timesh D. Pillay ◽  
Fengfeng Liu ◽  
Li Luo ◽  
Juan Carlos Bazo-Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals The impact of seasonal variability in wildlife populations on the predicted spread of foot and mouth disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda D. Highfield ◽  
Michael P. Ward ◽  
Shawn W. Laffan ◽  
Bo Norby ◽  
Gale Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Risk assessment and integrated surveillance of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Russia based on Monte Carlo simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianying Wang ◽  
Jiahui Chen ◽  
Shuwen Zhang ◽  
Yanting Ding ◽  
Minjia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of livestock worldwide. Russia is a big agricultural country with a wide geographical area where FMD outbreaks have become an obstacle for the development of the animal and animal products trade. In this study, we aimed to assess the export risk of FMD from Russia. Results After simulation by Monte Carlo, the results showed that the probability of cattle infected with FMD in the surveillance zone (Surrounding the areas where no epidemic disease has occurred within the prescribed time limit, the construction of buffer areas is called surveillance zone.) of Russia was 1.29 × 10− 6. The probability that at least one FMD positive case was exported from Russia per year in the surveillance zone was 6 %. The predicted number of positive cattle of the 39,530 - 50,576 exported from Russia per year was 0.06. A key node in the impact model was the probability of occurrence of FMD outbreaks in the Russian surveillance zone. By semi-quantitative model calculation, the risk probability of FMD defense system defects was 1.84 × 10− 5, indicating that there was a potential risk in the prevention and control measures of FMD in Russia. The spatial time scan model found that the most likely FMD cluster (P < 0.01) was in the Eastern and Siberian Central regions. Conclusions There was a risk of FMDV among cattle exported from Russia, and the infection rate of cattle in the monitored area was the key factor. Understanding the export risk of FMD in Russia and relevant epidemic prevention measures will help policymakers to develop targeted surveillance plans.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal dynamics of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in India, 2008-2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umanga Gunasekera ◽  
Jitendra Biswal ◽  
Gustavo Machado ◽  
Rajeev Ranjan ◽  
Saravanan Subramaniam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Spatiotemporal Dynamics ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Impact

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in India, where circulation of serotypes O, A and Asia 1 is frequent. In the past two decades, many of the most widespread and significant FMD lineages globally have emerged from the South Asia region. Here, we provide an epidemiological assessment of the ongoing mass vaccination programs in regard to post-vaccination monitoring and outbreak occurrence. The objective of this study was to quantify the spatiotemporal dynamics of FMD outbreaks and to assess the impact of the mass vaccination program between 2008 to 2016 with available antibody titer data from the vaccination monitoring program, alongside other risk factors that facilitate FMD spread in the country. We first conducted a descriptive analysis of epidemiological outcomes of governmental vaccination programs in India, focusing on antibody titer data from >1 million animals sampled as part of pre- and post-vaccination monitoring and estimates of standardized incidence ratios calculated from reported outbreaks per state/administrative unit. The percent of animals with inferred immunological protection (based on ELISA) was highly variable across states, but there was a general increase in the overall percent of animals with inferred protection through time. In addition, the number of outbreaks in a state was negatively correlated with the percent of animals with inferred protection. Because standardized incidence ratios of outbreaks were heterogeneously distributed over the course of eight years, we analyzed the distribution of reported FMD outbreaks using a Bayesian space-time model to map high-risk areas. This model demonstrated a ~50% reduction in the relative risk of outbreaks in states that were part of the vaccination program. In addition, states that did not have an international border experienced reduced risk of FMD outbreaks. These findings help inform risk-based control strategies for India as the country progresses towards reducing reported clinical disease.

scholarly journals Management strategies for vaccinated animals after an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease and the impact on return to trade

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e0223518
Author(s):  
Richard Bradhurst ◽  
Graeme Garner ◽  
Iain East ◽  
Clare Death ◽  
Aaron Dodd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Impact
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