scholarly journals Geographic variation in preventable hospitalisations across Canada: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e037195
Author(s):  
Piotr Wilk ◽  
Shehzad Ali ◽  
Kelly K Anderson ◽  
Andrew F Clark ◽  
Martin Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Discharge Abstract Database ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hot Spot Analysis ◽  
Spot Analysis

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to examine the magnitude and pattern of small-area geographic variation in rates of preventable hospitalisations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (ACSC) across Canada (excluding Québec).Design and settingA cross-sectional study conducted in Canada (excluding Québec) using data from the 2006 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC) linked prospectively to hospitalisation records from the Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) for the three fiscal years: 2006–2007, 2007–2008 and 2008–2009.Primary outcome measurePreventable hospitalisations (ACSC).ParticipantsThe 2006 CanCHEC represents a population of 22 562 120 individuals in Canada (excluding Québec). Of this number, 2 940 150 (13.03%) individuals were estimated to be hospitalised at least once during the 2006–2009 fiscal years.MethodsAge-standardised annualised ACSC hospitalisation rates per 100 000 population were computed for each of the 190 Census Divisions. To assess the magnitude of Census Division-level geographic variation in rates of preventable hospitalisations, the global Moran’s I statistic was computed. ‘Hot spot’ analysis was used to identify the pattern of geographic variation.ResultsOf all the hospitalisation events reported in Canada during the 2006–2009 fiscal years, 337 995 (7.10%) events were ACSC-related hospitalisations. The Moran’s I statistic (Moran’s I=0.355) suggests non-randomness in the spatial distribution of preventable hospitalisations. The findings from the ‘hot spot’ analysis indicate a cluster of Census Divisions located in predominantly rural and remote parts of Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan and in eastern and northern parts of Nunavut with significantly higher than average rates of preventable hospitalisation.ConclusionThe knowledge generated on the small-area geographic variation in preventable hospitalisations can inform regional, provincial and national decision makers on planning, allocation of resources and monitoring performance of health service providers.

scholarly journals Assessing community health governance for evidence-informed decision-making: a cross-sectional study across nine districts of India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shantanu Sharma ◽  
Sucheta Rawat ◽  
Faiyaz Akhtar ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Sunil Mehra
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Community Monitoring

PurposeThe authors intend to assess the village health sanitation and nutrition committees (VHSNC) on six parameters, including their formation, composition, meeting frequencies, activities, supervisory mechanisms and funds receipt and expenditures across nine districts of the three states of India.Design/methodology/approachThe cross-sectional study, conducted in the states of Uttar Pradesh (five districts), Odisha (two districts) and Rajasthan (two districts), used a quantitative research design. The community health workers of 140 VHSNCs were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The details about the funds' receipt and expenditures were verified from the VHSNC records (cashbook). Additionally, the authors asked about the role of health workers in the VHSNC meetings, and the issues and challenges faced.FindingsThe average number of members in VHSNCs varied from 10 in Odisha to 15 in Rajasthan. Activities were regularly organized in Rajasthan and Odisha (one per month) compared to Uttar Pradesh (one every alternate month). Most commonly, health promotion activities, cleanliness drives, community monitoring and facilitation of service providers were done by VHSNCs. Funds were received regularly in Odisha compared to Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. Funds were received late and less compared to the demands or needs of VHSNCs.Research limitations/implications This comprehensive analysis of VHSNCs' functioning in the selected study areas sheds light on the gaps in many components, including the untimely and inadequate receipt of funds, poor documentation of expenditures and involvement of VHSNC heads and inadequate supportive supervision.Originality/value VHSNCs assessment has been done for improving community health governance.

KNOWLEDGE, AWARENESS AND PRACTICE OF NEEDLE STICK AND SHARPS INJURIES AMONG HEALTHCARE SERVICE PROVIDERS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-222
Author(s):  
A. Al Johani Abdulrahman ◽  
Karmegam Karuppiah ◽  
O. Al Mutairi Alya ◽  
Omar M. Al Nozha ◽  
Kulanthayan K. C. Mani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Service ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Needle Stick ◽  
Sharps Injuries

Patterns of concordances in mhGAP-IG screening and DSM-IV/ICD10 diagnoses by trained community service providers in Kenya: a pilot cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1277-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria N. Mutiso ◽  
Christine W. Musyimi ◽  
Tahilia J. Rebello ◽  
Isaiah Gitonga ◽  
Albert Tele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dsm Iv

scholarly journals Exclusive breastfeeding practice and its associated factors among mothers with infants aged less than six months in Nono, Western Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerba Fufa ◽  
Tesfaye Solomon ◽  
Teka Girma
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Breastfeeding Practice

Abstract Background Exclusive breastfeeding is the best and cost effective intervention to prevent childhood morbidities and mortalities in developing countries. But there was no evidence in the study area regarding the practice of exclusive breastfeeding and its associated factors. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess exclusive breastfeeding practice and its associated factors in a rural district, Western part of Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 15–30, 2020 among 565 mothers who have an infant less than six months in Nono District. Study participants were selected using random sampling. Data on infant breastfeeding practice were collected by trained interviewers by using a structured questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval. Results A total of 565 participants were participated in this study, giving a 95.9% response rate. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice was 70.8%. Age of Mothers (AOR = 2.67, 95%CI = 1.79, 4.60), attended antenatal care during the recent pregnancy (AOR = 2.31, 95%CI = 1.31,4.71), attended delivery in health facilities (AOR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.21,2.11), having information about exclusive breastfeeding (AOR = 2.34, 95%CI = 1.13,4.76) and knowing the importance of exclusive breastfeeding (AOR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.12, 3.73) were associated factors with exclusively breastfeeding. Conclusions The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among infants less than six months in the Nono district was 70.8%. Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding were the age of mothers, antenatal care service utilization, place of birth, mothers' information about breastfeeding, and knowledge of mothers about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, it is recommended that awareness should be continuously raised and pregnant women should be encouraged to attend health facilities for antenatal care and delivery by health service providers hence improving exclusive breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Assessment of Epidemiological Safety in the Cosmetic Service Industry in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5661
Author(s):  
Anita Gębska-Kuczerowska ◽  
Izabela Kucharska ◽  
Agnieszka Segiet-Święcicka ◽  
Marcin Kuczerowski ◽  
Robert Gajda
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Education ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Potential Risks

The variety of current cosmetic procedures has increased the potential risks of adverse events and infections. In a nationwide cross-sectional study (2013–2015), we assessed the aspects of infection risk in cosmetic services. An anonymous voluntary questionnaire survey was conducted among 813 employees of cosmetic establishments in Poland. The establishments were selected from a register of service providers. The survey was conducted by employees of the State Sanitary Inspectorate during an audit, and the results showed that cosmetic providers were not fully prepared for risk assessment in terms of occupational exposure or infection transmission. The majority of the respondents (84%) reportedly washed the salon tools. Some establishments did not perform any decontamination (2%) or sterilization (~13%) procedures. Occupational punctures or lacerations occurred from needles, ampoules-syringes, or razors. Most respondents had attended professional training or studied medical textbooks. Approximately 1.7% of the respondents had not updated their knowledge, and 5% gained knowledge from unauthorized sources.The project’s results impacted a variety of innovations and improvements in the field of public health. The results were used to update the national education program (2012–2017); more attention has been directed toward effective education in infection prevention,general hygiene, and post-exposure procedures. Moreover, the study’s results were grounds for the introduction of legislative modifications in the field of epidemiological safety standards for cosmetic services in Poland.

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