scholarly journals Association of socioeconomic status with medical assistance in dying: a case–control analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e043547
Author(s):  
Donald A Redelmeier ◽  
Kelvin Ng ◽  
Deva Thiruchelvam ◽  
Eldar Shafir
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Medical Assistance In Dying ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Economic Constraints

ObjectivesEconomic constraints are a common explanation of why patients with low socioeconomic status tend to experience less access to medical care. We tested whether the decreased care extends to medical assistance in dying in a healthcare system with no direct economic constraints.DesignPopulation-based case–control study of adults who died.SettingOntario, Canada, between 1 June 2016 and 1 June 2019.PatientsPatients receiving palliative care under universal insurance with no user fees.ExposurePatient’s socioeconomic status identified using standardised quintiles.Main outcome measureWhether the patient received medical assistance in dying.ResultsA total of 50 096 palliative care patients died, of whom 920 received medical assistance in dying (cases) and 49 176 did not receive medical assistance in dying (controls). Medical assistance in dying was less frequent for patients with low socioeconomic status (166 of 11 008=1.5%) than for patients with high socioeconomic status (227 of 9277=2.4%). This equalled a 39% decreased odds of receiving medical assistance in dying associated with low socioeconomic status (OR=0.61, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.75, p<0.001). The relative decrease was evident across diverse patient groups and after adjusting for age, sex, home location, malignancy diagnosis, healthcare utilisation and overall frailty. The findings also replicated in a subgroup analysis that matched patients on responsible physician, a sensitivity analysis based on a different socioeconomic measure of low-income status and a confirmation study using a randomised survey design.ConclusionsPatients with low socioeconomic status are less likely to receive medical assistance in dying under universal health insurance. An awareness of this imbalance may help in understanding patient decisions in less extreme clinical settings.

scholarly journals Food Insecurity and Preeclampsia: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid Bigdeli ◽  
Golnaz Ranjbar ◽  
Lida Jarahi ◽  
Nayereh Khadem Ghaebi ◽  
Davood Soleimani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

Background: Household food insecurity is defined as the limited or uncertain access to adequate and safe food or limited ability to obtain food in a socially acceptable manner. Preeclampsia is a severe case of high-risk pregnancy, which endangers the health of women across the world, especially in developing countries. The current study aimed to use the nutritional deficiencies theory in pathogenesis of preeclampsia and determine the correlation between food insecurity and preeclampsia. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 100 women with preeclampsia and 200 normal pregnant women with the gestational age of 20 weeks. Participants were selected via purposive sampling according to the eligibility criteria. Data were collected using the USDA questionnaire for food insecurity, socioeconomic data, and demographic data through interviews. Results: The findings indicated that the frequency of food insecurity was significantly higher in the preeclampsia women than the healthy women (71% vs. 21%; P < 0.001). Logistic regression indicated that the risk of preeclampsia was six times higher among pregnant women in the unsafe food status group than those in safe food status group [odds = 6.4; 95%CI: 3.3-12.4; P < 0.001]. Among the studied variables, socioeconomic status, history of stillbirth, history of preterm delivery, and ethnicity were significantly associated with preeclampsia during pregnancy (P < 0.05). In addition, women with low socioeconomic status were twice at the higher risk of preeclampsia compared to those with favorable socioeconomic status [odds = 2.7; 95%CI: 1.1-6.2; P = 0.01]. Conclusion: The current study indicated that the prevalence of food insecurity was high in Iranian women with preeclampsia, especially those with a history of preterm labor, history of stillbirth, low socioeconomic status, or non-Persian.

scholarly journals Association between sociodemographic status and pulmonary tuberculosis: a case control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4840
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur Ratta ◽  
Sanjay S. Kubde ◽  
Rupali Patle
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Community Controls ◽  
Control Study

Background: The case control study, an analytical approach of epidemiology is a very important tool to detect the strength of association of risk factors with a disease. The objective of the study was to evaluate association between sociodemographic profile and pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods: This was case control study carried out in tertiary care hospital and urban field practice area from July 2010 to November 2012. Total 150 cases, 150 hospital control and 150 community controls were included in the study according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study participants were interviewed and examined according to the preformed and pretested proforma in the respective OPDs.Results: Mean age of cases was found to be 35.94 years and those of hospital controls and community controls were 36.12 and 36.08 years respectively. Maximum cases and controls were Hindu, married, from urban area and belongs to upper lower socioeconomic class. Low socioeconomic status was found to be associated with risk of pulmonary tuberculosis and this association was statistically significant (OR=4.45, 95% CI 2.53–7.82, p<0.0001).Conclusions: Low socioeconomic status showed significant association with pulmonary TB with both the control groups.

Understanding the food preferences of people of low socioeconomic status

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyon Baumann ◽  
Michelle Szabo ◽  
Josée Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Taste Preferences ◽  
Cultural Consumption ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Cultural Repertoires ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
Consumer Tastes ◽  
Corporate Brands

Scholars have long studied consumer taste dynamics within class-stratified contexts, but relatively little attention has been paid to the taste preferences of low-socioeconomic-status groups. We analyze interview data from 254 individuals from 105 families across Canada to explore the cultural repertoires that guide low-socioeconomic-status consumer tastes in food. Empirically, we ask which foods respondents prefer, and for what reasons, across socioeconomic status groups. Analytically, we argue that low-socioeconomic-status respondents demonstrate aesthetic preferences that operate according to four cultural repertoires that are distinctly different from that of high-socioeconomic-status omnivorous cultural consumption. Our respondents display tastes for foods from corporate brands, familiar “ethnic” foods, and foods perceived as healthy. While low-socioeconomic-status taste preferences in food are shaped by quotidian economic constraints – what Bourdieu called “tastes of necessity” – we show how cultural repertoires guiding low-socioeconomic-status tastes relate to both material circumstances and broader socio-temporal contexts. Our findings advance debates about the nature of low-socioeconomic-status food ideals by illuminating their underlying meanings and justifications and contribute to scholarly understanding of low-socioeconomic-status consumption.

Low Socioeconomic Status Is an Independent Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke: A Case-Control Study in North Indian Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Manya Prasad ◽  
Prachi Kathuria ◽  
Pallavi Nair ◽  
Awadh Kishor Pandit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
North Indian Population ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Control Study

Background: Stroke is a multifactorial disease and is influenced by complex environmental interactions. The contribution of various risk factors to the burden of stroke worldwide is not well known, particularly in developing countries. The present case-control study is aimed at exploring the association between a low socioeconomic status and the risk of ischemic stroke among the North Indian population. Methods: The study design was a hospital-based, case-control study. Age- and sex-matched controls were included. The demographic characteristics and risk factor variables were documented by means of a personal interview through a standardized case record form. The household asset index for determining the socioeconomic status (HAISS) was used for the assessment of the socioeconomic status of the population. HAISS was validated with the widely used Kuppuswamy scale for measurement of socioeconomic status. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio associated with stroke. Results: In all, 224 ischemic stroke patients and 224 controls were recruited between February 2009 and February 2012. The mean age of cases and controls was 53.47 ± 14 and 52.92 ± 13.4, respectively. The low economic status was independently associated with the risk of ischemic stroke after adjustment for demographic and risk factor variables (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.2-6.3). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that there is a significant association between a low socioeconomic status and the risk of ischemic stroke risk in North Indian population. Well-designed studies embedded with long-term prospective cohorts are required for confirming the results.

Tomorrow never knows: Paradoxical effects of a future prime on performance among low socioeconomic status college students

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Dayle Herrmann ◽  
Jessica Bodford ◽  
Robert Adelman ◽  
Oliver Graudejus ◽  
Morris Okun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Paradoxical Effects
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