scholarly journals Rabies mortality and morbidity associated with animal bites in Africa: a case for integrated rabies disease surveillance, prevention and control: a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e048551
Author(s):  
Peter Suwirakwenda Nyasulu ◽  
Jacqueline Weyer ◽  
Rea Tschopp ◽  
Adane Mihret ◽  
Abraham Aseffa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
And Control

ObjectiveThe objective of this scoping review was to map the current situation and available evidence and gaps on rabies morbidity, mortality, integrated rabies surveillance programmes, and existing prevention and control strategies in Africa.MethodsWe conducted a systematic scoping review following the Joanna Briggs methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews checklist. Medline, Embase, CINAHL (EBSCOHost), Scopus, Web of Science and rabies web conferences were used to search for peer-reviewed publications between January 1946 and May 2020. Two researchers reviewed the studies and extracted data based on author (year) and region, study design and data collection duration, participants/comparators, interventions, control conditions/exposures and outcomes (rabies mortality and morbidity) and key findings/gaps/challenges. The results were reported narratively using Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework.ResultsElectronic search yielded 2775 records, of which 43 studies were included. A total of 543 714 bite victims were censored through the included studies. Most of the victims were less than 15 years of age. The studies included rabies morbidity (21) and mortality (15) fluctuating in space and time across Africa depending on countries’ rabies prevention and control practices (16). Others were surveillance (nine studies); surveillance and prevention (five studies); management and control (seven studies); and surveillance, prevention and control (six studies). We found challenges in rabies reporting, existing dog vaccination programmes and post-exposure prophylaxis availability or compliance.ConclusionThis study found challenges for dog rabies control and elimination in Africa and the need for a policy to drive the goal of zero dog-transmitted rabies to humans by 2030.This is an open-access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build on this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated and the use is non-commercial (see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

New Issues in Developing Effective Approaches for the Prevention and Control of Vitamin A Deficiency

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin W. Bloem ◽  
Saskia de Pee ◽  
Ian Darnton-Hill
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Life Cycle Approach ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Control

Even mild to moderate vitamin A deficiency is now recognized as an important factor in child health and survival. This has given increased emphasis to the goal of virtually eliminating vitamin A deficiency and its consequences, including blindness, by the end of the decade. The implications of vitamin A deficiency, however, vary according to the group at risk, and this needs to be addressed when looking at ways to achieve the goal. In pre-school children, vitamin A deficiency can lead to increased risk of mortality and morbidity and to blindness. In pregnant and lactating women, it can lead to night-blindness and appears to have implications for maternal morbidity and mortality. Although the immediate health consequences for schoolchildren and adolescents are not completely known, they are probably less dramatic. Nevertheless, it is clear that there is a cross-generational cycle leading to and perpetuating vitamin A deficiency in affected communities. This also has implications when addressing prevention and control strategies. The existing, somewhat successful approach has been to target children aged six months to six years; it is implicit that this criterion is used to measure progress towards the end-of-decade goals. A broader, complementary, life-cycle approach to vitamin A deficiency is now appropriate in many countries. There is increasing emphasis on such approaches, i.e., fortifying foods with vitamin A and improving the diet, which address the whole population at risk. A mix of interventions will give governments the chance to shift from a subsidized vitamin A capsule programme to more sustainable, non-subsidized, consumer-funded vitamin A interventions, although in an appreciable number of countries, supplementation with vitamin A will be a necessity for some years to come. Guidelines to assist governments in such transitions are a high priority.

scholarly journals TECHNOSOCIALITY AND HEALTH PROMOTION IN THE DAILY LIVES OF PRIMARY CARE USERS: A SCOPING REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Cristine do Nascimento ◽  
Amanda Morais Campos ◽  
Stephanie Botelho Figueiredo ◽  
Rosane Gonçalves Nitschke ◽  
Maria Josefa Arcaya Moncada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
And Control ◽  
Behavioral Barriers

ABSTRACT Objective: to map available evidence on the use of technologies by Primary Health Care users in the context of health promotion. Method: this is a scoping review according to Joanna Briggs Institute, and the recommendations of the international guide Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews were followed. The PCC strategy (participants, concept and context) was used. The search in the databases was carried out from January to April 2020. Results: a total of 5,267 studies were retrieved and 28 articles were selected for review. The article origin was diverse, with the largest number being from the United States of America (7), the predominant language is English, the year was 2018 and the level of evidence 2. Studies show that users obtain benefits in health care through the use of technologies. Conclusion: health interventions, using technology, positively impact people’s behavior and lifestyle, focusing on the prevention and control of chronic diseases. It is noteworthy that technologies used in isolation cannot overcome behavioral barriers and their use does not replace one-to-one care and monitoring.

scholarly journals Infection prevention and control measures and recommendations for preterm infants discharged into the community: a scoping review protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Carruthers ◽  
Dorothy Hannis ◽  
Jonathan Robinson ◽  
Alan Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: IPC recommendations aim to prevent illness and subsequent hospital re-admission. Cohesive guidance for parents of preterm infants has not been clearly established. The review objectives are to identify and map the global characteristics of infection prevention and control (IPC) measures and recommendations for parents of preterm infants discharged home to the community.Methods: The scoping review will be conducted using the JBI methodological approach for scoping reviews and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Scoping Review extension. Electronic databases will be searched and limited by publication year (1990-present day). Grey literature, reference lists and expert provided sources will be searched against pre-determined criteria. A minimum of two authors will independently screen evidence sources and chart the evidence on a pre-determined charting form. Sources including IPC measures, or recommendations for parents of preterm infants during discharge planning or in the community/home will be permitted within inclusion criteria. Limits include human studies only and evidence from 1990-present day. There are no participant or type of source exclusions. Recommendations aimed at implementation by professionals will be excluded. A descriptive summary of findings will be presented along with diagrammatic and tabular representation.Discussion: Collated evidence will guide future targeted research which will subsequently aim to develop policy and enhance clinical approaches.Scoping Review Registration: This scoping review has been registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF) on the 4th May 2021, registration number (pending).

Effective infection prevention and control strategies in a large accredited psychiatric facility in Singapore

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Poremski ◽  
Sandra Henrietta Subner ◽  
Grace Lam Fong Kin ◽  
Raveen Dev Ram Dev ◽  
Mok Yee Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Psychiatric Facility ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
And Control

The Institute of Mental Health in Singapore continues to attempt to prevent the introduction of COVID-19, despite community transmission. Essential services are maintained and quarantine measures are currently unnecessary. To help similar organizations, strategies are listed along three themes: sustaining essential services, preventing infection, and managing human and consumable resources.

Factors Related to Positive Memory Count Among Trauma-Exposed Individuals: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110131
Author(s):  
Ateka A. Contractor ◽  
Stephanie V. Caldas ◽  
Megan Dolan ◽  
Nicole H. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Memory Specificity ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Positive Memories

To examine the existing knowledge base on trauma experiences and positive memories, we conducted a scoping review of trauma and post-trauma factors related to positive memory count. In July 2019, we searched PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, and PTSDpubs for a combination of words related to “positive memories/experiences,” “trauma/posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD),” and “number/retrieval.” Twenty-one articles met inclusion criteria (adult samples, original articles in English, peer-reviewed, included trauma-exposed group or variable of trauma exposure, trauma exposure examined with a trauma measure/methodology, assessed positive memory count, empirical experimental/non-experimental study designs). Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, two authors reviewed abstracts, completed a secondary search, and independently extracted data. Our review indicated (1) that depression and PTSD were most researched; (2) no conclusive relationships of positive memory count with several psychopathology (depression, acute stress disorder, eating disorder, and anxiety), cognitive/affective, neurobiological, and demographic factors; (3) trends of potential relationships of positive memory count with PTSD and childhood interpersonal traumas (e.g., sexual and physical abuse); and (4) lower positive memory specificity as a potential counterpart to greater overgeneral positive memory bias. Given variations in sample characteristics and methodology as well as the limited longitudinal research, conclusions are tentative and worthy of further investigations.

scholarly journals Role of occupational therapy in musicians’ health: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e040922
Author(s):  
Bethany Villas ◽  
Uira Duarte Wisnesky ◽  
Sandra Campbell ◽  
Lauren Slavik ◽  
Amynah S. Mevawala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Meta Analyses

Review question/objectiveThe purpose of this proposed review is twofold: first, to understand the role of occupational therapy presented in the musicians’ health literature; and second, to explore the potential for this role.IntroductionThe intense movement, awkward postures, concentration and emotional communication required of musicians can place them at increased risk of music-related health conditions, such as musculoskeletal disorders and performance anxiety. The development of music-related health conditions can be emotionally and financially devastating. The role of occupational therapy in musicians’ health has been previously discussed; however, no rigorous reviews of the scholarly literature have been published. We will, therefore, undertake a scoping review with the following research questions: (1) what is known about the role of occupational therapy in instrumental musicians’ health? and (2) what is the potential role of occupational therapy in musicians’ health?Methods and analysisA preliminary search of Medline, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Web of Science was previously undertaken by the first author to determine the extent of the research on this topic and to confirm that no other reviews have been conducted or are in progress. Study selection and analysis will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines for conducting a scoping review.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethics approval is not required at our institution for a review of published literature. The results of this review will be shared through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and traditional and social media.

Parental Bereavement in Older Age: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 105413732199581
Author(s):  
Patricia Moyle Wright
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Parental Bereavement ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Physical Decline ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Cultural Mores ◽  
Meta Analyses

A scoping review of parental bereavement in older age was conducted to identify the unique needs of older adults after the loss of an adult child. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed in accordance with the stated objectives of this review, which was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). In total, 26 research studies were included. The data were then analyzed using a systematic approach for organizing and synthesizing key data. The results indicated that some consequences and mediators of parental bereavement are similar regardless of age. But, older adults experience greater loneliness, isolation, and stigma than their younger counterparts. Older parents are also at greater risk for physical decline, mortality, and institutionalization following the death of an adult child. Religious and cultural mores also have influence on the bereavement process.

High Rates of Streptococcus Agalactiae Clindamycin and Erythromycin Resistance in Vietnamese Pregnant Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu Du ◽  
Pham Thai Dung ◽  
Nguyen Linh Toan ◽  
Can Mao ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Bac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns. Maternal GBS colonization rates vary depending on geographic area, ethnic and social conditions worldwide. Many studies suggested the continuous surveillance of GBS to provide data to guide decision-making and planning prevention and control strategies. Here, we report the rate and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of GBS from Vietnamese pregnant women over 5 year period. Methods We worked with 3863 Vietnamese pregnant women at < 37 weeks of gestation at the National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi, Vietnam from Jan 2016 to Dec 2020. The data were recorded and retrieved from the computerized laboratory database. GBS was identified according to the American Society for Microbiology’s guidelines. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the VITEK 2 system or E-test strips. The results were calculated according to the MIC breakpoints recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results The positivity for GBS was 8.02% (310/3863) and the highest resistance rate was to tetracycline 89.66% (234/261), followed by 76.23% (202/265) for erythromycin, 58.21% (156/268) for clindamycin. The multidrug-resistance rate was 59.19% (161/272), and 8.46% (23/272) of isolates were resistant to 6 to 7 of the 12 antibiotics. Resistance to clindamycin in the absence of erythromycin resistance was found in 6/272 (2.2%) samples. The resistance rate to clindamycin was significantly increased (p < 0.01) over the time study period. Nevertheless, all isolates were sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and vancomycin. Conclusion Our results indicate that penicillin and ampicillin are currently the drugs of choice for the prevention and treatment of GBS-related diseases for Vietnamese pregnant women. However, antibiotic resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was high. Thus, it reinforces the need for continuous surveillance of GBS to provide data to guide planning prevention and control strategies.

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