scholarly journals Scoping review to identify and map non-pharmacological, non-surgical treatments for dysphagia following moderate-to-severe acquired brain injury

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e053244
Author(s):  
Signe Janum Eskildsen ◽  
Ingrid Poulsen ◽  
Daniela Jakobsen ◽  
Christian Gunge Riberholt ◽  
Derek John Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Subacute Phase ◽  
Severe Acquired Brain Injury

IntroductionDysphagia is a common and critical consequence of acquired brain injury (ABI) and can cause severe complications. Dysphagia rehabilitation is transforming from mainly compensatory strategies to the retraining of swallowing function using principles from neuroscience. However, there are no studies that map interventions available to retrain swallowing function in patients with moderate-to-severe ABI.ObjectiveTo systematically map the accessible research literature to answer the research question: Which non-surgical, non-pharmacological interventions are used in the treatment of dysphagia in patients with moderate and severe ABI in the acute and subacute phase?DesignScoping review based on the methodology of Arksey and O’Malley and methodological advancement by Levac et al.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, OTseeker, speechBITE and PEDro were searched up until 14 March 2021.Eligibility criteriaAll studies reporting rehabilitative interventions within 6 months of injury for patients with moderate-to-severe ABI and dysphagia were included.Data extraction and synthesisData was extracted by two independent reviewers and studies were categorised based on treatment modality.ResultsA total of 21 396 records were retrieved, and a final of 26 studies were included. Interventions were categorised into cortical or non-cortical stimulation of the swallowing network. Cortical stimulation interventions were repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation. Non-cortical were complex swallowing interventions, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES), sensory stimulation, strengthening exercises and respiratory muscle training.ConclusionThis scoping review provides an overview of rehabilitative dysphagia interventions for patients with moderate and severe ABI, predominantly due to stroke, in the acute and subacute phase. Positive tendencies towards beneficial effects were found for rTMS, complex swallowing interventions, PES and cervical strengthening. Future studies could benefit from clear reporting of patient diagnosis and disease severity, the use of more standardised treatment protocols or algorithms and fewer but standardised outcome measures to enable comparison of effects across studies and interventions.

scholarly journals Protocol for a scoping review study to identify and map treatments for dysphagia following moderate to severe acquired brain injury

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e029061
Author(s):  
Signe Janum Eskildsen ◽  
Daniela Jakobsen ◽  
Christian Gunge Riberholt ◽  
Ingrid Poulsen ◽  
Derek John Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Severe Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Dysphagia Treatment

IntroductionDysphagia is highly prevalent in patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, dysphagia management varies greatly between units and internationally, and there is currently no consensus, standard intervention or treatment. A review mapping the existing literature on dysphagia treatment is needed. In this paper, the protocol for a scoping review to identify and map dysphagia treatment following ABI is outlined.ObjectiveThe objective of the scoping review is to systematically map the existing research literature to answer the research question:Which non-surgical, non-pharmacological interventions are used in the treatment of dysphagia in patients with moderate and severe acquired brain injury in the acute and subacute phase?Methods and analysisThe methodological framework for the study is based on methodology by Arksey and O’Malley and methodological advancement by Levacet al. We will search electronic databases in June 2019: MEDLINE (Ovid); Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library); EMBASE (Ovid); CINAHL (EBSCO); PsycINFO; Science Citation Index Expanded on Web of Science; OTseeker; Speechbite and PEDro. The search terms will be limited to patients with moderate to severe ABI and dysphagia. Four review authors will independently conduct an initial screening of title and abstract and subsequent full-text review of included studies. Data will be extracted and summarised in diagrammatic or tabular form (numerical summary), and a descriptive format (narrative summary). The strategy for data synthesis entails qualitative methods to categorise the interventions based on the treatment modality and subgroup diagnosis.Ethics and disseminationScoping the existing literature will provide a foundation for further evaluating and developing our dysphagia treatment and inform future studies assessing the effectiveness of treatments. The review is part of an ongoing expansive research into dysphagia. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations.

Scoping review of the Multiple Errands Test: Is it relevant to youths with acquired brain injury?

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 673-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa L Hanberg ◽  
Diane E MacKenzie ◽  
Brenda K Merritt
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Severe Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Multiple Errands Test

Introduction For youths who sustain acquired brain injuries, distinguishing typical development of executive function from the impairment(s) can be a challenging but critical assessment consideration. Occupational therapists working with individuals after brain injury can use the Multiple Errands Test as a performance-based assessment of the effect of executive dysfunction in the real world. Although numerous test versions exist for different settings and diagnostic populations, their relevance to youths is unclear. We surveyed the non-virtual reality literature for test versions to determine the measurement properties and clinical utility for assessing youths in a community setting. Method A scoping review was completed to summarize study purpose/design, Multiple Errands Test structure, assessment environment, sample characteristics, psychometric properties, clinical utility and main findings of the test versions. Results We included 10 quantitative studies and found the strongest reliability and validity evidence for male adults with moderate to severe acquired brain injury, in a hospital setting. Multiple Errands Test versions can distinguish people with brain injury from controls and identify challenges in the home and community. No studies examined the test performance of younger participants. Conclusion This review highlights the research of several Multiple Errands Test versions and identifies gaps in that research, including the need for development of a test version for youths in a community setting.

Clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with severe acquired brain injury and a disorder of consciousness: an observational study

Brain Injury ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-529
Author(s):  
Antonio Caronni ◽  
Emanuele Liaci ◽  
Anna Bianchi ◽  
Alessandro Viganò ◽  
Francesco Marenco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Disorder Of Consciousness ◽  
Severe Acquired Brain Injury

scholarly journals Changes in Caregivers Lifestyle after Severe Acquired Brain Injury: A Preliminary Investigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D’Ippolito ◽  
M. Aloisi ◽  
E. Azicnuda ◽  
D. Silvestro ◽  
M. Giustini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Severe Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Additional Support

Introduction. Severe acquired brain injury (sABI) is considered the most common cause of death and disability worldwide. sABI patients are supported by their caregivers who often exhibit high rates of psychological distress, mood disorders, and changes in relationship dynamics and family roles.Objectives. To explore lifestyle changes of caregivers of sABI patients during the postacute rehabilitation, by investigating possible differences between primary and secondary caregivers. Primary caregivers spend most of the time with the patient, providing daily care and taking most responsibility for the day-to-day decisions, while secondary caregivers are those who provide additional support.Methods. Three hundred forty-seven caregivers of sABI patients were asked to fill in an unpublished self-report questionnaire to explore their possible lifestyles changes.Results. A statistically significant difference was found between primary and secondary caregivers in time spent in informal caregiving (p<0.001). The primary caregivers reduced all leisure activities compared to secondary carers (p<0.05).Conclusions. By comparing the percentage of leisure activities performed by caregiversbeforeandafterthe patient’s sABI onset, all caregivers showed high percentages of changes in lifestyle and habits, even though primary caregivers reported more negative lifestyle changes than secondary caregivers. Further studies are needed to investigate needs and burden experienced by caregivers of sABI patients during the postacute rehabilitation phase, also in relation to the patients’ outcome, to address support interventions for them and improve their quality of life.

scholarly journals Dysphagia rehabilitation following acquired brain injury, including cerebral palsy, across the lifespan: a scoping review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhiannon Halfpenny ◽  
Alexandra Stewart ◽  
Paula Kelly ◽  
Eleanor Conway ◽  
Christina Smith
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Dysphagia Rehabilitation ◽  
Swallowing Exercises

Abstract Background Swallowing impairment (dysphagia) following brain injury can lead to life-threatening complications such as dehydration, aspiration pneumonia and acute choking episodes. In adult therapeutic practice, there is research and clinical evidence to support the use of swallowing exercises to improve swallowing physiology in dysphagia; however, the use of these exercises in treating children with dysphagia is largely unexplored. Fundamental questions remain regarding the feasibility and effectiveness of using swallowing exercises with children. This review aims to outline the published literature on exercise-based treatment methods used in the rehabilitation of dysphagia secondary to an acquired brain injury across the lifespan. This will allow the range and effects of interventions utilised to be mapped alongside differential practices between adult and child populations to be formally documented, providing the potential for discussions with clinicians about which rehabilitative interventions might be appropriate for further trial in paediatrics. Methods This study will use a scoping review framework to identify and systematically review the existing literature using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) scoping review guidelines. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED)), grey literature and the reference lists of key texts including systematic reviews will be searched. Information about the rehabilitation design, dosage and intensity of exercise programmes used as well as demographic information such as the age of participants and aetiology of dysphagia will be extracted. The number of articles in each area and the type of data source will be presented in a written and visual format. Comparison between the literature in adult and child populations will be discussed. Discussion This review is unique as it directly compares dysphagia rehabilitation in adults with that of a paediatric population in order to formally identify and discuss the therapeutic gaps in child dysphagia rehabilitation. The results will inform the next stage of research, looking into the current UK-based speech and language therapy practices when working with children with acquired dysphagia. Systematic review registration Open science framework osf.io/ja4dr

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