scholarly journals Vitreoretinal interface abnormalities in middle-aged adults with visual impairment in the UK Biobank study: prevalence, impact on visual acuity and associations

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. e000057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin McKibbin ◽  
Tracey Farragher ◽  
Darren Shickle
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Vitreoretinal Interface ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

scholarly journals Visual Impairment and Risk of Dementia: the UK Biobank Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuoting Zhu ◽  
Danli Shi ◽  
Huan Liao ◽  
Jason Ha ◽  
Xianwen Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Hospital Inpatient ◽  
List Type ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONThe association between visual impairment (VI) and the risk of dementia has been poorly understood. We sought to investigate the VI-dementia relationship in the UK Biobank Study.METHODSA total of 117,187 volunteers (aged 40-69 years) deemed free of dementia at baseline were included. Habitual distance visual acuity worse than 0.3 logMAR units in the better-seeing eye was used to define VI. The incident dementia was based on electronically linked hospital inpatient and death records.RESULTSDuring a median follow up of 5.96 years, the presence of VI was significantly associated with incident dementia (HR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.18-2.68, P=0.006). There was a clear trend between the severity of VI and the risk of dementia (P for trend=0.002).DISCUSSIONVisually impaired individuals were more likely to develop incident dementia, with a progressively greater risk among those with worse visual acuity. Our findings highlight the value of regular vision screening and elimination of VI.HIGHLIGHTSThe association between VI and dementia has been poorly understood;VI is associated with incident dementia in non-demented adults;There is a clear trend between the severity of VI and the risk of dementia;VI may be a marker of increased dementia risk.RESEARCH IN CONTEXTSYSTEMATIC REVIEWWe searched and reviewed the literature using traditional sources (e.g., PubMed and GoogleScholar). While the association between VI and cognitive function/decline are increasingly studies, investigation of the association between VI and the risk of dementia has been largely overlooked.INTERPRETATIONWe found that visually impaired individuals were more likely to develop incident dementia, with a progressively greater risk among those with worse visual acuity. Our findings imply that VI may be an important marker of dementia.FUTURE DIRECTIONSThese findings call for more studies to investigate (a) the role of visual acuity changes on the risk of dementia; (b) the relationship between other components of visual function and incident dementia; (c) the relationship between eye diseases and incident dementia; and (d) the potential benefits of vision rehabilitation on dementia prevention.

scholarly journals Prospective associations between vitamin D and depression in middle-aged adults: findings from the UK Biobank cohort

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Ronaldson ◽  
Jorge Arias de la Torre ◽  
Fiona Gaughran ◽  
Ioannis Bakolis ◽  
Stephani L. Hatch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Background A possible role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of depression is currently speculative, with more rigorous research needed to assess this association in large adult populations. The current study assesses prospective associations between vitamin D status and depression in middle-aged adults enrolled in the UK Biobank. Methods We assessed prospective associations between vitamin D status at the baseline assessment (2006–2010) and depression measured at the follow-up assessment (2016) in 139 128 adults registered with the UK Biobank. Results Amongst participants with no depression at baseline (n = 127 244), logistic regression revealed that those with vitamin D insufficiency [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–1.22] and those with vitamin D deficiency (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.13–1.36) were more likely to develop new-onset depression at follow-up compared with those with optimal vitamin D levels after adjustment for a wide range of relevant covariates. Similar prospective associations were reported for those with depression at baseline (n = 11 884) (insufficiency: aOR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.00–1.23; deficiency: aOR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.13–1.50). Conclusions The prospective associations found between vitamin D status and depression suggest that both vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency might be risk factors for the development of new-onset depression in middle-aged adults. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency (and to a lesser extent insufficiency) might be a predictor of sustained depressive symptoms in those who are already depressed. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is very common, meaning that these findings have significant implications for public health.

scholarly journals Evaluating the genetic effects of sex hormone traits on the development of mental traits: a polygenic score analysis and gene-environment-wide interaction study in UK Biobank cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liang ◽  
ShiQiang Cheng ◽  
Jing Ye ◽  
XiaoMeng Chu ◽  
Yan Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Interaction Study ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Bioavailable Testosterone ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Abstract Objective To evaluate the genetic effects of sex hormone traits on the development of mental traits in middle-aged adults. Methods The SNPs associated with sex hormone traits were derived from a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS). Four sex hormone traits were selected in the current study, including sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone, bioavailable testosterone and estradiol. The polygenic risk score (PRS) of sex hormone traits were calculated from individual-level genotype data of the United Kingdom (UK) Biobank cohort. We then used logistic and linear regression models to assess the associations between individual PRS of sex hormone traits and the frequency of alcohol consumption, anxiety, intelligence and so on. Finally, gene-environment-wide interaction study (GEWIS) was performed to detect novel candidate genes interacting with the sex hormone traits on the development of fluid intelligence and the frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption by PLINK2.0. Results We observed positive association between SHBG and the frequency of alcohol consumption (b = 0.0101, p = 3.84 × 10–11) in middle-aged males and females. In addition, estradiol was positively associated with the frequency of alcohol consumption (b = 0.0128, p = 1.96 × 10–8) in middle-aged males. Moreover, bioavailable testosterone was associated with the fluid intelligence (b = − 0.0136, p = 5.74 × 10–5) in middle-aged females. Finally, GEWIS identified one significant loci, Tenascin R (TNR) (rs34633780, p = 3.45 × 10–8) interacting with total testosterone for fluid intelligence. Conclusion Our study results support the genetic effects of sex hormone traits on the development of intelligence and the frequency of alcohol consumption in middle-aged adults in UK.

scholarly journals Opposing patterns in self-reported and measured physical activity levels in middle-aged adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Luo ◽  
Raymond Y. W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Musculoskeletal Health ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

AbstractPhysical activity brings significant health benefits to middle-aged adults, although the research to date has been focused on late adulthood. This study aims to examine how ageing affects the self-reported and accelerometer-derived measures of physical activity levels in middle-aged adults. We employed the data recorded in the UK Biobank and analysed the physical activity levels of 2,998 participants (1381 men and 1617 women), based on self-completion questionnaire and accelerometry measurement of physical activity. We also assessed the musculoskeletal health of the participants using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements provided by the UK Biobank. Participants were categorised into three groups according to their age: group I younger middle-aged (40 to 49 years), group II older middle-aged (50 to 59 years), and group III oldest middle-aged (60 to 69 years). Self-reported physical activity level increased with age and was the highest in group III, followed by group II and I (P < 0.05). On the contrary, physical activity measured by accelerometry decreased significantly with age from group I to III (P < 0.05), and the same pertained to the measurements of musculoskeletal health (P < 0.05). It was also shown that middle-aged adults mostly engaged in low and moderate intensity activities. The opposing trends of the self-reported and measured physical activity levels may suggest that middle-aged adults over-report their activity level as they age. They should be aware of the difference between their perceived and actual physical activity levels, and objective measures would be useful to prevent the decline in musculoskeletal health.

Patterns of Multimorbidity in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: An Analysis of the UK Biobank Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 857-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawit T. Zemedikun ◽  
Laura J. Gray ◽  
Kamlesh Khunti ◽  
Melanie J. Davies ◽  
Nafeesa N. Dhalwani
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Evaluating the genetic effects of sex hormone traits on the development of mental traits: a polygenic score analysis and genome-wide genetic interaction analysis in UK Biobank cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liang ◽  
ShiQiang Cheng ◽  
Jing Ye ◽  
XiaoMeng Chu ◽  
Yan Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the genetic effects of sex hormone traits on the development of mental traits in middle-aged adults.Methods: The SNPs associated with sex hormone traits were derived from a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS). Four sex hormone traits were selected in the current study, including sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone, bioavailable testosterone and estradiol. The polygenic risk score (PRS) of sex hormone traits were calculated from individual-level genotype data of the United Kingdom (UK) Biobank cohort. We then used logistic and linear regression models to assess the associations between individual PRS of sex hormone traits and the frequency of alcohol consumption, anxiety, intelligence and so on. Finally, genome-wide genetic interaction study (GWGIS) was performed to detect novel candidate genes interacting with the sex hormone traits on the development of fluid intelligence and the frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption by PLINK2.0.Results: We observed positive association between SHBG and the frequency of alcohol consumption (b=0.0101, p=3.84×10–11) in middle-aged males and females. In addition, estradiol was positively associated with the frequency of alcohol consumption (b=0.0128, p=1,96×10–8), fluid intelligence (b=0.0084, p=1.90×10–2) and the frequency of smoking (b=0.0054, p=1.77×10–2) in middle-aged males. Moreover, SHBG was associated with the frequency of alcohol consumption (b=0.0067, p=2.60×10–3), fluid intelligence (b=0.0067, p=4.25×10–2) and anxiety (b=-0.0071, p=3.79×10–2) in middle-aged females. Finally, GWGIS identified one significant loci, Tenascin R (TNR) (rs34633780, p=3.45×10–8) interacting with total testosterone for fluid intelligence.Conclusion: Our study results support the genetic effects of sex hormone traits on the development of intelligence and the frequency of alcohol consumption in middle-aged adults in UK.

Associations of sleep phenotypes with severe intentional self-harm: a prospective analysis of the UK Biobank cohort

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binbin Lei ◽  
Jihui Zhang ◽  
Sijing Chen ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Lulu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Long Sleep ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Future Risk ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Study objectives We aimed to investigate the prospective associations of sleep phenotypes with severe intentional self-harm (ISH) in middle-aged and older adults. Methods A total of 499,159 participants (mean age: 56.55 ± 8.09 years; female: 54.4%) were recruited from the UK Biobank between 2006 and 2010 with follow-up until February 2016 in this population-based prospective study. Severe ISH was based on hospital inpatient records or a death cause of ICD-10 codes X60-X84. Patients with hospitalized diagnosis of severe ISH before the initial assessment were excluded. Sleep phenotypes, including sleep duration, chronotype, insomnia, sleepiness, and napping, were assessed at the initial assessments. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate temporal associations between sleep phenotypes and future risk of severe ISH. Results During a follow-up period of 7.04 years (SD: 0.88), 1,219 participants experienced the first hospitalization or death related to severe ISH. After adjusting for demographics, substance use, medical diseases, mental disorders, and other sleep phenotypes, short sleep duration (HR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.23-1.83, P &lt; .001), long sleep duration (HR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.15-2.12, P = .004), and insomnia (usually: HR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.31-1.89, P &lt; .001) were significantly associated with severe ISH. Sensitivity analyses excluding participants with mental disorders preceding severe ISH yielded similar results. Conclusion The current study provides the empirical evidence of the independent prediction of sleep phenotypes, mainly insomnia, short and long sleep duration, for the future risk of severe ISH among middle-aged and older adults.

scholarly journals Associations of Food Outlet Densities with Obesity Measures Identify Fish and Chip Shops as a Uniquely Important Problem

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Albalawi ◽  
Catherine Hambly ◽  
John Speakman
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Deprivation Level ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Intervention Policy ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Increases in the number of food outlets have been proposed as a key factor driving obesity. This study aimed to investigate the association between the densities of food establishments serving meals (excluding supermarkets and grocery stores), with body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and percentage of body fat among middle-aged adults in the UK. BMIs, WHR, %fat and socioeconomic factors were obtained from 456,079 individuals from the UK Biobank and averaged across 923 postcode districts (PD). The number of Fast-Food Restaurants (FFRs), Full-Service Restaurants (FSRs), delivery shops, takeaways, fish and chip shops, pubs and cafes were also obtained for each PD. We adjusted the obesity measures for deprivation level, education, employment, ethnicity, household size, household income and age. After adjustment, the density of fish and chip shops (per 1000 population) was positively associated with BMI and %fat for both sexes (males: BMI converted (exponentiated coefficient) β = 0.5, R2 = 4.14%, p < 0.0001; %fat converted β = 0.8, R2 = 3.32%, p < 0.0001; females: BMI converted β = 0.9, R2 = 5.31%, p < 0.0001; %fat converted β = 1.4 R2 = 4.65%, p < 0.0001). The densities of FFRs and delivery shops (per 1000 population) were not related to the adjusted obesity measures among males and females, except BMI in males where FFRs were significantly negatively associated. The densities (per 1000 population) of FSRs, pubs, cafes and total food outlets were all significantly inversely related to the obesity measures for both sexes. The number of fish and chip shops per 1000 individuals was significantly positively associated with obesity in middle-aged adults in the UK. A negative association between the other types of food outlet densities and the measures of obesity suggests access to such establishments is not a major driver of obesity. This is potentially because the food supplied at such establishments is not significantly less healthy than what is eaten elsewhere including at home (and may even be better). Paying attention only to fast food and/or full-service restaurants in intervention policy will likely not be effective. Policy intervention should potentially focus on the numbers of fish and chip shops and the deep-fried food served in such restaurants.

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