scholarly journals Non-Invasive Physiological Monitoring for Physical Exertion and Fatigue Assessment in Military Personnel: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8815
Author(s):  
Denisse Bustos ◽  
Joana C. Guedes ◽  
Mário P. Vaz ◽  
Eduardo Pombo ◽  
Ricardo J. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Physiological Monitoring ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Operational Activities

During operational activities, military personnel face extremely demanding circumstances, which when combined lead to severe fatigue, influencing both their well-being and performance. Physical exertion is the main condition leading to fatigue, and its continuous tracking would help prevent its effects. This review aimed to investigate the up-to-date progress on non-invasive physiological monitoring to evaluate situations of physical exertion as a pre-condition to fatigue in military populations, and determine the potential associations between physiological responses and fatigue, which can later result in decision-making indicators to prevent health-related consequences. Adhering to the PRISMA Statement, four databases (Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and PubMed) were used for a literature search based on combinations of keywords. The eligibility criteria focused on studies monitoring physiological variables through non-invasive objective measurements, with these measurements being developed in military field, combat, or training conditions. The review process led to the inclusion of 20 studies. The findings established the importance of multivariable assessments in a real-life context to accurately characterise the effects of military practices. A tendency for examining heart rate variables, thermal responses, and actigraphy measurements was also identified. The objectives and experimental protocols were diverse, but the effectiveness of non-invasive measurements in identifying the most fatigue-inducing periods was demonstrated. Nevertheless, no assessment system for standardised application was presented. Future work may include the development of assessment methods to translate physiological recordings into actionable information in real-time and mitigate the effects of fatigue on soldiers’ performance accurately.

scholarly journals Evidencing the Applicability of Physiological Monitoring For Health Management within Occupational Settings: Protocol for a Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Lidia Denisse Bustos ◽  
Joana Guedes ◽  
Jose Torres Costa
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Physiological Monitoring ◽  
Medical Monitoring ◽  
Physiological Strain ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

Background: The resulting interaction between occupational stress and individual susceptibility to illness demands careful management. This represents a dual challenge to organizations responsible for the well-being of personnel who engage in strenuous physical exertion, imposing requirements to be vigilant for, or even curtail, situations that may result in high physiological strain in healthy personnel and also to identify and protect vulnerable individuals. The emergence of wearable physiological and medical monitoring technologies could prove advantageous in this regard. Objectives: A systematic review is proposed to summarize current progress in the development of physiological monitoring systems for occupational applications. Thus, adhering with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) Statement, this systematic review protocol aims to present adequate guidelines to develop research that can provide appropriate results to the sought objective. Data sources: Five databases will be accessed (SCOPUS, PubMed, Science Direct, Academic Search Complete and Web of Science) and a total of 12 keywords will be combined. Study eligibility and criteria: Working-age study participants will be included. Assessment procedures will be considered when they do not interfere with normal tasks development and involve harmless procedures for participants. Study appraisal and synthesis methods: Two authors will independently screen titles and abstracts against the eligibility criteria at first, and full-texts of potentially eligible records at a second phase, followed by extraction of data from qualifying studies. Two review authors will also assess the risk of bias and the quality of evidence, taking as a reference the Cochrane Collaboration’s Tool.

scholarly journals A Physiological-Monitoring Electronic Platform for Cattle Grazing Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ricardo R. Santos ◽  
Fabiana V. Alves ◽  
Patrik O. Bressan ◽  
Ricardo E. Aguiar ◽  
Wellington O. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Physiological Monitoring ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Grazing Systems

In this work, we present a non-invasive electronic platform for physiological data acquisition on cattle grazing systems. The platform can be used for dairy and beef cattle to continuously monitor physiological variables such as skin temperature, heartbeats, and respiratory frequency. The set of sensors are coupled into a halter so that they are in touch with the animal's forehead. Users can monitor the data acquired by the electronic device using a mobile device (smartphone or tablet) and it visualizes important physiological parameters in the platform cloud system.

Which psychosocial interventions improve sex worker well-being? A systematic review of evidence from resource-rich countries

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjsrh-2021-201028
Author(s):  
Kevin Turner ◽  
Jane Meyrick ◽  
Danny Miller ◽  
Laura Stopgate
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

ObjectiveTo establish the state of the evidence base around psychosocial interventions that support well-being in sex workers in order to inform policy and practice within a resource-rich geographical context.MethodsPublished and unpublished studies were identified through electronic databases (PsychINFO, CINHAL Plus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and Open Grey), hand searching and contacting relevant organisations and experts in the field. Studies were included if they were conducted in high-income settings with sex workers or people engaging in exchange or transactional sex, and evaluated the effect of a psychosocial intervention with validated psychological or well-being measures or through qualitative evaluation.ResultsA total of 19 202 studies were identified of which 10 studies met the eligibility criteria. The heterogeneity found dictated a narrative synthesis across studies. Overall, there was very little evidence of good quality to make clear evidence-based recommendations. Despite methodological limitations, the evidence as it stands suggests that peer health initiatives improve well-being in female street-based sex workers. Use of ecological momentary assessment (EMA), a diary-based method of collecting real-life behavioural data through the use of twice-daily questionnaires via a smartphone, increased self-esteem and behaviour change intentions.ConclusionsWork with sex workers should be based on an evidence-based approach. Limitations to the existing evidence and the constraints of this work with vulnerable groups are recognised and discussed.

scholarly journals SEM-PLS Approach to Green Building

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 472-481
Author(s):  
Nasim Aghili ◽  
Mehdi Amirkhani
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Building Operation ◽  
The Impact

Green buildings refer to buildings that decrease adverse environmental effects and maintain natural resources. They can diminish energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, the usage of non-renewable materials, water consumption, and waste generation while improving occupants’ health and well-being. As such, several rating tools and benchmarks have been developed worldwide to assess green building performance (GBP), including the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) in the United Kingdom, German Sustainable Building Council (DGNB), Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) in the United States and Canada, Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency (CASBEE) in Japan, Green Star in Australia, Green Mark in Singapore, and Green Building Index in Malaysia. Energy management (EM) during building operation could also improve GBP. One of the best approaches to evaluating the impact of EM on GBP is by using structural equation modelling (SEM). SEM is a commanding statistical method to model testing. One of the most used SEM variance-based approaches is partial least squares (PLS), which can be implemented in the SmartPLS application. PLS-SEM uses path coefficients to determine the strength and significance of the hypothesised relationships between the latent constructs.

The Use of Sonography in Pediatrics: The Bioethical Concerns in Clinical and Research Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 875647932110350
Author(s):  
Nicole Weikle
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Clinical Pediatric

Sonography has been widely used in both a clinical and non-clinical setting. This imaging modality is a common tool of choice for both physicians and researchers. Although sonography is a non-ionizing and non-invasive tool for imaging, special considerations need to be made when working with the pediatric population. Ethical guidelines for clinical pediatric care and research need to consider the varying ethical guidelines and bioethical concerns in children. As sonographers, researchers, educators and clinicians, pediatric care and research must balance the protection of children and the need for imaging to improve pediatric well-being. The discussion of this paper will delve into The Principles Approach developed by Beauchamp and Childress. Each principle will be explored and how those ethical principles could be considered in pediatric care.

scholarly journals Defining successful non‐invasive ventilation initiation: Data from a real‐life cohort

Respirology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégoire Jolly ◽  
Léa Razakamanantsoa ◽  
Emeline Fresnel ◽  
Zouhaier Gharsallaoui ◽  
Antoine Cuvelier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation

scholarly journals Individual Resilience Interventions: A Systematic Review in Adult Population Samples over the Last Decade

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7564
Author(s):  
Mafalda Ferreira ◽  
António Marques ◽  
Paulo Veloso Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Individual Resilience ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Great Heterogeneity

Resilience interventions have been gaining importance among researchers due to their potential to provide well-being and reduce the prevalence of mental disorders that are becoming an increasing concern, especially in Western countries, because of the costs associated. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify the intervention studies carried out in the last decade in adult population samples, evaluate their methodological quality and highlight the trends of these types of interventions. This review was performed using systematic literature searches in the following electronic databases: B-on, PubMed, PsycNet and Science Direct. The application of eligibility criteria resulted in the inclusion of 38 articles, of which 33 were randomized controlled trials and the other five were nonrandomized controlled studies. Although most studies showed statistical significance for their results, these were constrained by the great heterogeneity of the studies, the lack of power of the samples and their fair methodological quality. Therefore, it is important to consolidate the theoretical basis and standardize certain methodologies so that the effects of the interventions can be compared through a meta-analysis.

scholarly journals Should my robot know what's best for me? Human–robot interaction between user experience and ethical design

AI & Society ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Fronemann ◽  
Kathrin Pollmann ◽  
Wulf Loh
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Interaction Design ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Ethical Design

AbstractTo integrate social robots in real-life contexts, it is crucial that they are accepted by the users. Acceptance is not only related to the functionality of the robot but also strongly depends on how the user experiences the interaction. Established design principles from usability and user experience research can be applied to the realm of human–robot interaction, to design robot behavior for the comfort and well-being of the user. Focusing the design on these aspects alone, however, comes with certain ethical challenges, especially regarding the user’s privacy and autonomy. Based on an example scenario of human–robot interaction in elder care, this paper discusses how established design principles can be used in social robotic design. It then juxtaposes these with ethical considerations such as privacy and user autonomy. Combining user experience and ethical perspectives, we propose adjustments to the original design principles and canvass our own design recommendations for a positive and ethically acceptable social human–robot interaction design. In doing so, we show that positive user experience and ethical design may be sometimes at odds, but can be reconciled in many cases, if designers are willing to adjust and amend time-tested design principles.

Trajectory of Performance Status and Symptom Scores for Patients With Cancer During the Last Six Months of Life

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1151-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsien Seow ◽  
Lisa Barbera ◽  
Rinku Sutradhar ◽  
Doris Howell ◽  
Deborah Dudgeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Status ◽  
Symptom Assessment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Average Pain ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Over Time

Purpose Ontario's cancer system is unique because it has implemented two standardized assessment tools population-wide to improve care: the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) measures severity of nine symptoms (scale 0 to 10; 10 indicates the worst) and the Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) measures performance status (scale 0 to 100; 0 indicates death). This article describes the trajectory of ESAS and PPS scores 6 months before death. Patients and Methods Observational cohort study of cancer decedents between 2007 and 2009. Decedents required ≥1 ESAS or PPS assessment in the 6 months before death for inclusion. Outcomes were the decedents' average ESAS and PPS scores per week before death. Results Ten thousand seven hundred fifty-two (ESAS) and 7,882 (PPS) decedents were included. The mean age was 65 years, half were female, and approximately 75% of assessments occurred in cancer clinics. Average PPS score declined slowly over the 6 months before death, starting at approximately 70 and ending at 40, declining more rapidly in the last month. For ESAS symptoms, average pain, nausea, anxiety, and depression scores remained relatively stable over the 6 months. Conversely, shortness of breath, drowsiness, well-being, lack of appetite, and tiredness increased in severity over time, particularly in the month before death. More than one third of the cohort reported moderate to severe scores (ie, 4 to 10) for most symptoms in the last month of life. Conclusion In this large outpatient cancer population, trajectories of mean ESAS scores followed two patterns: increasing versus generally flat. The latter was perhaps due to available treatment (eg, prescriptions) for those symptoms. Future research should prioritize addressing symptoms that worsen over time.

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