scholarly journals Clinical outcome after infection with Helicobacter pylori does not appear to be reliably predicted by the presence of any of the genes of the cag pathogenicity island

Gut ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 752-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Jenks ◽  
F Mégraud ◽  
A Labigne
Keyword(s):  
Duodenal Ulcer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Pathogenicity Island ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Outcome After Infection

Background—The development of clinical disease after infection with Helicobacter pylori has been reported to be associated with expression of the cagA gene. Recently, it has been shown that cagA is part of a multigene locus, described as the cag pathogenicity island (PAI). The role of this region in determining clinical outcome remains to be established.Aims—To investigate whether the presence ofcagA is always associated with the presence of the complete cag PAI and to evaluate the distribution of selected cag genes in 73 H pylori strains isolated from patients in France.Methods—Clinical strains of H pyloriwere screened for selected genes of the cag PAI by polymerase chain reaction and colony hybridisation.Results—Of 64 strains that harboured thecagA gene, 57 (89%) also contained the entirecag PAI. The entire cag PAI was found in 85% (48/56) and 53% (9/17) of duodenal ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia isolates, respectively. Eight strains had deletions within thecag PAI, including deletion of the cagA gene in one isolate; the deletions were not associated with the insertion sequence IS605. Of eight strains lacking the cag PAI, four were isolated from patients with duodenal ulcer.Conclusion—The cag PAI is not a uniform, conserved entity. Although the presence of thecag PAI is highly associated with duodenal ulcer, the clinical outcome of infection with H pylori is not reliably predicted by any gene of the cag PAI.

scholarly journals Role of apoptosis induced by Helicobacter pylori infection in the development of duodenal ulcer

Gut ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kohda ◽  
K Tanaka ◽  
Y Aiba ◽  
M Yasuda ◽  
T Miwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Duodenal Ulcer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Gastric Epithelium ◽  
Antral Mucosa ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
A Cell ◽  
H Pylori

BACKGROUNDHelicobacter pylori affects gastric epithelium integrity by acceleration of apoptosis. However, it remains unclear what product of the bacteria causes apoptosis, or whether or not the apoptosis is involved in the development of ulcers.AIMSTo elucidate the factor from H pylori that causes acceleration of apoptosis and the role of apoptosis in the development of duodenal ulcer in H pylori infection.PATIENTSFiveH pylori negative healthy volunteers, 47H pylori positive patients with duodenal ulcer, and 35 H pylori positive patients with gastric ulcer.METHODSAn endoscopic examination was carried out to diagnose ulcers and determine their clinical stage. To analyse apoptosis, a cell cycle analysis was performed using biopsy specimens.RESULTSThere was a significant correlation between the urease activity of theH pylori strain and the level of apoptosis induced by this bacterial strain. Moreover, in duodenal ulcer patients infected with H pylori, the patients with an active ulcer exhibited a significantly higher level of apoptosis than those with ulcers at both the healing and scarring stages.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that acceleration of apoptosis in the antral mucosa caused by the urease of H pylori plays a crucial role in the development of ulcers in the duodenum.

scholarly journals Dissemination of cagA and cagE Virulence Genes Among H. Pylori Strains From Sudanese Patients With Gastric Discomfort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esraa Osman ◽  
Maram M. Elnosh ◽  
Aalaa Mahgoub Albasha ◽  
Amira A M Fadl ◽  
Luai Osman Ibrahim Marouf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Duodenal Ulcer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
Pathogenicity Island ◽  
E Gene ◽  
Gastric Biopsies ◽  
H Pylori

Abstract ObjectivesHelicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene pathogenicity island (cag-PAI) is one of the strain-specific genes (they do not exist in all strains). cag-PAI is involved in inducing inflammation, ulceration, and carcinogenesis. This study aimed to detect and characterize cagA and cagE virulence genes among H. pylori strains from Sudanese patients with gastric discomfort.ResultOut of 288 gastric biopsies screened for the presence of H. pylori, 34% (98/288) were positive, cagA gene was present in 41% (40/98) of specimens, mostly in patients with gastritis 72.5% (29/40), followed by duodenal ulcer 15% (6/40), esophagitis 5% (2/40), and 7.5% (3/40) in patients diagnosed normal by endoscopy. cagE gene was present in 39% (38/98) of specimens, the majority 73.7% (28/38) were from patients with gastritis, 10.5% (4/38) duodenal ulcer, 5.3% (2/38) esophagitis, 2.6% (1/38) gastric ulcer, and 7.9% (3/38) were diagnosed as normal. The cagA and cagE protein sequences have synonymous amino acid variations.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori babA, homB, aspA, and sabA Genes and Its Relationship with Clinical Outcomes in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimet Yılmaz ◽  
Meltem Koruk Özer
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Oxidase Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Background and Aims. The cag A and vac A genes ofHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori)are closely associated with the pathogenicity of bacteria. However, the significance of H. pyloribabA, homB, aspA, andsabAgenes is not clear in phenotypic characteristics of virulence. This study aimed to investigate the frequency and importance of these genes in patients with H. pylori positive peptic ulcer (PU).Materials and Methods. Patients with a PU or nonulcer dyspepsia (NUD) based on the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy findings were included in the study. Biopsy samples from antrum and corpus were cultured into Columbia agar.H pyloriwere characterized by urease, catalase, oxidase test, and gram staining. Genomic DNA was extracted and stored. ThebabA, homB, aspA, andsabAgenes were determined by using polymerase chain reaction analysis.Results. A total 214 patients were included (99 PU and 115 NUD) and H. pylori could be isolated in 82 patients (36 PU and 46 NUD). The frequency of thebabA(25% vs. 15.2%, p=0.25),homB(2.7% vs. 4.3%, p=1),aspA(69.4% vs. 73.9%, p=0.2), andsabA(2.7% vs. 10.8%, p=0.88) genotypes was not different between PU and NUD patients. There were some correlations between the presences of these genes.Conclusion. This study managed to determinebabA, homB, aspA,andsabA genes ofH. pylori by PCR. However, the frequency of these factors was not different in patients with PU and NUD. There is no role ofbabA, homB, aspA, andsabA genesfor the development of peptic ulcer in Turkish population.

scholarly journals Chemokines in the gastric mucosa in Helicobacter pylori infection

Gut ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Yamaoka ◽  
M Kita ◽  
T Kodama ◽  
N Sawai ◽  
T Tanahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Inflammatory Protein ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Macrophage Inflammatory Protein

Background—Although chemokines have been suggested to play an important role in Helicobacter pyloriassociated gastritis, few studies have investigated the role of chemokines other than interleukin 8 (IL-8) in gastric mucosa.Aims—To investigate the expression and production patterns of various chemokines using gastric biopsy specimens.Methods—In 192 patients, expression patterns of C-X-C chemokines (IL-8 and growth regulated α (GROα)) and C-C chemokines (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF), macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), and MIP-1β) were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).cagA gene was identified using PCR.Results—H pylori infection was associated with increased rates of expression of mRNA for IL-8, GROα, RANTES, and MIP-1α and with increased levels of mucosal IL-8 and GROα. IL-8 and GROα levels correlated with the density of H pylori in both the antrum and corpus. The levels of these chemokines correlated with cellular infiltration in the antrum but not the corpus. cagA gene positive H pyloriinfection was associated with increased rates of expression of mRNA for IL-8 and GROα and with increased levels of these chemokines.Conclusion—H pylori infection is associated with increased expression rates and production of C-X-C chemokines (IL-8 and GROα), but not with increased production of C-C chemokines. Although H pylori infection is associated with increased C-X-C chemokines in the antrum and corpus, there is a difference in the inflammatory response between these two areas of the stomach.

The Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication on the Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Patients with Duodenal Ulcer

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Xiaoying Zhou ◽  
Shuping Xiao ◽  
Feng Ye ◽  
Guoxin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Duodenal Ulcer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Eradication ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Control Study

Background: Recent reports have indicated that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) might have an effect on gastrointestinal flora; moreover, gastric commensual bacteria have been observed in the development of duodenal ulcer (DU). Aims: In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of H. pylori eradication on gastrointestinal flora in DU patients. Methods: A case-control study was performed at Jiangsu Shengze Hospital between December, 2013 and April, 2014. The patients received antibiotic eradication therapy if H. pylori testing was positive. At least four weeks after cessation of the eradication therapy, a repeat gastroscopy was performed to collect biopsies again in the same position. Gastric mucosa samples and feces specimens were collected to extract bacteria DNA and then to quantify by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: After the eradication of H. pylori, an increase of Lactobacillus group, Clostridium leptum subgroup, Enterobacteria and a decrease of Clostridium coccoides subgroup were found in the antrum. In the corpus, the number of bacteria in the Lactobacillus group was increased and the expression of Clostridium coccoides subgroup was significantly down-regulated. In the feces samples, only the number in the Lactobacillus group was increased. Moreover, the distribution was significantly different between female and the male patients. Conclusions: The presence of H. pylori in the stomach suppressed the colonization with Lactobacillus group, Clostridium leptum subgroup and Enterobacteria. Gender might affect the distribution and/or recolonization of the bacteria in DU patients. Abbreviations: DU: duodenal ulcer; GI: gastrointestinal; GIN: gastrointestinal neoplasia; GU: gastric ulcer; PPI: proton pump inhibitors; UBT: urea breath test.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori Recombinant CagA Regulates Th1/Th2 Balance in a BALB/c Murine Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
Nafiseh Paydarnia ◽  
Behzad Mansoori ◽  
Davoud Esmaeili ◽  
Tohid Kazemi ◽  
Mahyar Aghapour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cytotoxin Associated Gene A ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Antibody Levels

Purpose: Helicobacter pylori is recognized as one of the prevalent causes of human gastricinfection. In the present study, the role of mixed immunization with H. pylori lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and recombinant cytotoxin-associated gene A (rCagA) as a stimulator of host immuneresponses was determined. Methods: BALB/c mice were immunized with different formulations by the systemic administrationat 14-day intervals. The effects of the formulations plus CpG adjuvants were assessed before andpost-immunization in separated studies. Moreover, the expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines wasquantified in sera of immunized mice using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR)test and the protein levels confirmed with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Finally, the specific antibody levels in sera were studied by ELISA and the tendency of cellularresponse was examined by IgG1/IgG2a ratio. Results: Data of Western blotting verified the presence of constructed protein. Analysisof lymphocyte proliferation showed that CpG-conjugated rCagA increases lymphocytesproliferation compared to the control group. Also, it was shown that formulations containing LPSand rCagA promote a Th1 response indicated by interferon-gamma expression and induced Th1/Th2 balance. Additionally, the specific IgG1, total IgG and IgG2a levels elevated in response toall treatments. Ultimately, the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio in the mice immunized with rCagA-containingformulations increased. Conclusion: These results indicated that rCagA protein carried with CpG adjuvant not onlymaintained its antigenicity throughout the experiment but also induced robust Th1-biasedimmune responses. Therefore, it holds promise for the production of an efficient vaccine againstH. pylori infection. <br />

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori genotypes in Lithuanian patients with chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer

Medicina ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Miciulevičienė ◽  
Henrikas Čalkauskas ◽  
Laimas Jonaitis ◽  
Gediminas Kiudelis ◽  
Vytas Tamošiūnas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Duodenal Ulcer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Chronic Gastritis ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Specific Virulence ◽  
Bacterial Genotypes

Objective. Clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection might be associated with specific virulence-associated bacterial genotypes. The distribution of different bacterial genotypes varies geographically. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between cagPAI, vacA, and iceA status and severity of the disease in patients from Lithuania, infected by H. pylori. Material and methods. H. pylori from 81 patients (37 with duodenal ulcer and 44 with chronic gastritis) was isolated from gastric biopsy specimens and cultured. Bacterial genotypes cagPAI, vacA (s and m subtypes) and iceA were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction using specific primers. Results. The cagPAI was identified in 59.3% of Lithuanian H. pylori strains investigated. H. pylori strains cultured from duodenal ulcer (DU) patients more frequently (P<0.01) contained cagPAI and vacA s1 genotypes (75.7% and 75.7%, respectively) in comparison to isolates from chronic gastritis (CG) patients (45.5% and 40.9%, respectively). Evaluation of nucleotide sequence of the vacA middle-region revealed that vacA s2/m2 genotype was more frequent in CG than in DU patients (56.8% and 24.3%, respectively; P<0.05). We have not found any differences in the frequency of iceA1 genotype between the DU and CG patients (46.0% and 40.9%, respectively; P>0.05). Conclusion. Our study suggests that cagPAI and vacA s1 genotypes are associated with peptic ulceration in Lithuanian patients infected by H. pylori.

scholarly journals Geographic distribution of the cagA, vacA, iceA, oipA and dupA genes of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated in China

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijing Xue ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
Dongxing Su ◽  
Xiangfeng Song ◽  
Xin Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Geographic Diversity ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽  
H Pylori

Abstract Background There are geographic variations in the genotypes of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) cagA, vacA, iceA, oipA and dupA. The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of these genotypes among H. pylori strains from five regions of China and their association with clinical outcomes. Materials and methods Gastric biopsy specimens were obtained from 348 patients with different gastrointestinal diseases in the five regions of China. The regional distribution was 89 patients from Shandong, 91 from Guangxi, 57 from Hunan, 58 from Qinghai and 53 from Heilongjiang. The presence of cagA, vacA, iceA, oipA and dupA genotypes was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from H. pylori DNA. Results A total of 269 H. pylori isolates were obtained, of which 74 isolates were from Shandong, 78 from Guangxi, 46 from Hunan, 33 from Qinghai and 38 from Heilongjiang. The cagA-positive status was predominant in the five regions. The predominant vacA genotypes were s1c (73.4%), m2 (70.6%) and i1 (92.9%). In strains from Shandong, s1a and m1 were dominant. By contrast, s1c was dominant in Guangxi and i1 was dominant in Hunan and Heilongjiang. The prevalence of m2 subtype in Qinghai (78.8%) was significantly higher than that in other regions (P < 0.05). The predominant iceA genotype was iceA1 and the frequency of iceA1 was significantly more prevalent in Hunan than in other regions (P < 0.05). The oipA status “on” gene was more frequent in Shandong (91.9%) and Guangxi (91%) than in Heilongjiang (71.7%) (P < 0.05). Conversely, the dupA-positive status was less than half in Shandong (31.1%) and Guangxi (15.4%), whereas it was 73.9% in Hunan and 81.8% in Qinghai (P < 0.001). There were no significant associations between the cagA, vacA, iceA, oipA genotypes and clinical outcomes. The dupA-positive strains were more common in peptic ulcer disease (PUD) patients than in non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) patients in Shandong and Guangxi (P < 0.05), but the association was not observed in other geographic regions. Conclusions There was significant geographic diversity of H. pylori genotypes in different regions of China and the presence of dupA gene can be considered as a marker for the development of gastroduodenal diseases. However, the cagA, iceA, vacA and oipA genes cannot be regarded for prediction of the clinical presentation of H. pylori infection in China.

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