scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori Recombinant CagA Regulates Th1/Th2 Balance in a BALB/c Murine Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
Nafiseh Paydarnia ◽  
Behzad Mansoori ◽  
Davoud Esmaeili ◽  
Tohid Kazemi ◽  
Mahyar Aghapour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cytotoxin Associated Gene A ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Antibody Levels

Purpose: Helicobacter pylori is recognized as one of the prevalent causes of human gastricinfection. In the present study, the role of mixed immunization with H. pylori lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and recombinant cytotoxin-associated gene A (rCagA) as a stimulator of host immuneresponses was determined. Methods: BALB/c mice were immunized with different formulations by the systemic administrationat 14-day intervals. The effects of the formulations plus CpG adjuvants were assessed before andpost-immunization in separated studies. Moreover, the expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines wasquantified in sera of immunized mice using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR)test and the protein levels confirmed with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Finally, the specific antibody levels in sera were studied by ELISA and the tendency of cellularresponse was examined by IgG1/IgG2a ratio. Results: Data of Western blotting verified the presence of constructed protein. Analysisof lymphocyte proliferation showed that CpG-conjugated rCagA increases lymphocytesproliferation compared to the control group. Also, it was shown that formulations containing LPSand rCagA promote a Th1 response indicated by interferon-gamma expression and induced Th1/Th2 balance. Additionally, the specific IgG1, total IgG and IgG2a levels elevated in response toall treatments. Ultimately, the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio in the mice immunized with rCagA-containingformulations increased. Conclusion: These results indicated that rCagA protein carried with CpG adjuvant not onlymaintained its antigenicity throughout the experiment but also induced robust Th1-biasedimmune responses. Therefore, it holds promise for the production of an efficient vaccine againstH. pylori infection. <br />

scholarly journals Chemokines in the gastric mucosa in Helicobacter pylori infection

Gut ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Yamaoka ◽  
M Kita ◽  
T Kodama ◽  
N Sawai ◽  
T Tanahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Inflammatory Protein ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Macrophage Inflammatory Protein

Background—Although chemokines have been suggested to play an important role in Helicobacter pyloriassociated gastritis, few studies have investigated the role of chemokines other than interleukin 8 (IL-8) in gastric mucosa.Aims—To investigate the expression and production patterns of various chemokines using gastric biopsy specimens.Methods—In 192 patients, expression patterns of C-X-C chemokines (IL-8 and growth regulated α (GROα)) and C-C chemokines (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF), macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), and MIP-1β) were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).cagA gene was identified using PCR.Results—H pylori infection was associated with increased rates of expression of mRNA for IL-8, GROα, RANTES, and MIP-1α and with increased levels of mucosal IL-8 and GROα. IL-8 and GROα levels correlated with the density of H pylori in both the antrum and corpus. The levels of these chemokines correlated with cellular infiltration in the antrum but not the corpus. cagA gene positive H pyloriinfection was associated with increased rates of expression of mRNA for IL-8 and GROα and with increased levels of these chemokines.Conclusion—H pylori infection is associated with increased expression rates and production of C-X-C chemokines (IL-8 and GROα), but not with increased production of C-C chemokines. Although H pylori infection is associated with increased C-X-C chemokines in the antrum and corpus, there is a difference in the inflammatory response between these two areas of the stomach.

scholarly journals Immune Responses to Differentiated Forms of Helicobacter pylori in Children with Epigastric Pain

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 866-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bee Ling Ng ◽  
Seng Hock Quak ◽  
Marion Aw ◽  
Kee Tai Goh ◽  
Bow Ho
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Coccoid Form ◽  
Spiral Form ◽  
H Pylori

ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori infection affects human populations of all ages. This gastric bacterium exists in spiral form and the reported viable but nonculturable coccoid form. The present study aims to examine the probable role of the coccoid form in H. pylori infection by comparing the seroprevalences of the spiral and the coccoid forms in children with epigastric pain. Four hundred eighty-nine children (mean age, 8.5 years) with epigastric pain formed the basis of this study. Five hundred ninety-nine schoolchildren of comparable ages and with no record of dyspepsia served as controls. The seroprevalence of antigens prepared from both morphological forms was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that 65 (13.3%) and 273 (55.8%) of 489 symptomatic children were seropositive for antigens of the H. pylori spiral and coccoid forms, respectively. In contrast, only 7.0% of the control group had elevated levels of immunoglobulin G antibodies against the spiral form, while 26.5% were positive for antibodies against the coccoid form. There were no significant differences between genders or among ethnic groups. The study showed a rise in seroprevalence corresponding with age: 7.1% for those ≤5 years to 21.4% for those ≥11 years. The seroprevalence of antigens of the H. pylori spiral and coccoid forms in children with epigastric pain was twofold higher than that in the control subjects. Interestingly, there was a fourfold increase in seropositivity for coccoid-form antigen compared to that for the spiral-form antigen among the symptomatic pediatric patients as well as the control group, indicating a possible infective role of the coccoid form of H. pylori in the pediatric patients with epigastric pain.

scholarly journals Decreased Expression of GPER1 Gene and Protein in Goiter

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Weber ◽  
Ana Paula Santin Bertoni ◽  
Laura Walter Bessestil ◽  
Ilma Simoni Brum ◽  
Tania Weber Furlanetto
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Protein Expressions ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Goiter is more common in women, suggesting that estrogen could be involved in its physiopathology. The presence of classical estrogen receptors (ERαand ERβ) has been described in thyroid tissue, suggesting a direct effect of estrogen on the gland. A nonclassic estrogen receptor, the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER1), has been described recently in several tissues. However, in goiter, the presence of this receptor has not been studied yet. We investigated GPER1 gene and protein expressions in normal thyroid and goiter using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot, respectively. In normal thyroid (n=16) and goiter (n=19), GPER1 gene was expressed in all samples, while GPER1 protein was expressed in all samples of normal thyroid (n=15) but in only 72% of goiter samples (n=13). When comparing GPER1 gene and protein levels in both conditions, gene expression and protein levels were higher in normal thyroid than in goiter, suggesting a role of this receptor in this condition. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of GPER1 in normal thyroid and goiter.

scholarly journals Macrophage migration inhibitory factor may play a protective role in osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Liu ◽  
Zikun Xie ◽  
Guang Sun ◽  
Liujun Chen ◽  
Dake Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Migration Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Macrophage Migration ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis and the major cause of disability and overall diminution of quality of life in the elderly population. Currently there is no cure for OA, partly due to the large gaps in our understanding of its underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a procytokine that mediates pleiotropic inflammatory effects in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). However, data on the role of MIF in OA is limited with conflicting results. We undertook this study to investigate the role of MIF in OA by examining MIF genotype, mRNA expression, and protein levels in the Newfoundland Osteoarthritis Study. Methods One hundred nineteen end-stage knee/hip OA patients, 16 RA patients, and 113 healthy controls were included in the study. Two polymorphisms in the MIF gene, rs755622, and -794 CATT5-8, were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and PCR followed by automated capillary electrophoresis, respectively. MIF mRNA levels in articular cartilage and subchondral bone were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Plasma concentrations of MIF, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results rs755622 and -794 CATT5-8 genotypes were not associated with MIF mRNA or protein levels or OA (all p ≥ 0.19). MIF mRNA level in cartilage was lower in OA patients than in controls (p = 0.028) and RA patients (p = 0.004), while the levels in bone were comparable between OA patients and controls (p = 0.165). MIF protein level in plasma was lower in OA patients than in controls (p = 3.01 × 10−10), while the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in plasma were all significantly higher in OA patients than in controls (all p ≤ 0.0007). Multivariable logistic regression showed lower MIF and higher IL-1β protein levels in plasma were independently associated with OA (OR per SD increase = 0.10 and 8.08; 95% CI = 0.04–0.19 and 4.42–16.82, respectively), but TNF-α and IL-6 became non-significant. Conclusions Reduced MIF mRNA and protein expression in OA patients suggested MIF might have a protective role in OA and could serve as a biomarker to differentiate OA from other joint disorders.

scholarly journals Genotyping pattern of the vacuolating cytotoxin A and cytotoxin associated gene A of the Helicobacter pylori strains detected in fecal samples of household dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asieh Bolandi ◽  
Saam Torkan ◽  
Iman Alavi
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cytotoxin Associated Gene A ◽  
H Pylori

In despite of the high clinical impact of Helicobacter pylori, its exact sources and routes of transmission are unknown. Dogs may play an imperative role in the transmission of H. pylori to humans. The current investigation was done to study the status of vacA and cagA genotypes in the H. pylori strains of dogs. One-hundred and fifty fecal samples were collected from healthy and complicated household dogs. Genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples and presence of 16S rRNA gene was studied using the PCR amplification. Distribution of vacA and cagA genotypes were studied by the multiplex PCR. Thirteen out of 150 fecal samples (8.66%) were positive for H. pylori 16S rRNA gene. Prevalence of H. pylori in healthy and complicated dogs were 5.55% and 8.57%, respectively. Male had the higher prevalence of H. pylori (P=0.038). The most commonly detected genotypes among the H. pylori strains were vacAs1A (61.53%), cagA (38.46%), vacAm1a (38.46%), vacAs2 (30.76%) and vacAm2 (30.76%). The most commonly detected combined genotypes were s1aCagA (30.76%), s1am1a (23.07%), s2m1a (23.07%) and s2CagA (23.07%). Iranian household dogs harbor H. pylori in their fecal samples similar in genotypes of the vacA and cagA alleles which suggest that complicated and even healthy dogs may be the latent host of the H. pylori and its genotypes. However, supplementary studies are required to found the exact role of dogs as a definitive host of the H. pylori.

scholarly journals Prevalence of the Helicobacter pylori babA2 Gene in Children Mainly Depends on the PCR Primer Set Used

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anja Šterbenc ◽  
Maja M. Lunar ◽  
Matjaž Homan ◽  
Boštjan Luzar ◽  
Nina Zidar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Pcr Primer

Various polymerase chain reaction- (PCR-) based methods with varying positivity rates were designed to detect the Helicobacter pylori babA2 gene. To compare different primer sets, babA2 prevalence was determined in 279 H. pylori-positive pediatric samples using the 832 bp, 139 bp, and 271 bp PCR primer sets, resulting in 34.0%, 51.3%, and 79.6% prevalence of the babA2 gene, respectively. The babA2 status determined using the 832 bp and 139 bp PCR primer sets significantly correlated with bacterial density and activity of inflammation, whereas no such correlations were found using the 271 bp PCR primer set. The 139 and 832 bp PCR primer sets concordantly detected the babA2 gene in 93 cases; however, in comparison to the 832 bp PCR primer set, the 139 bp PCR primer set detected additional 50 babA2 cases, whereas only two 832 bp positive cases were missed. The 271 bp PCR primer set missed 32 babA2 cases that were 832 bp and/or 139 bp PCR positive, but tested solely positive in 109 cases. Interestingly, cloning of a subset of 271 bp PCR positive samples revealed amplification of the babA/B gene chimera. Hence, in our opinion, the 271 bp PCR protocol is not a reliable diagnostic tool for detecting the babA2 gene in children. Our results reaffirm previous observations that the use of certain babA2 PCR primer sets can significantly impact estimation of the prevalence and clinical relevance of the H. pylori babA2 gene in children, suggesting babA2 detection methods should be carefully selected.

scholarly journals Serological evidence of association between Helicobacter pylori infection and coronary artery disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
S.M. EL-Ageery ◽  
N.S. Gouda ◽  
I.M. Fawzy ◽  
A. Bahy-Eldeen ◽  
R. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Autoimmune Reaction ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
H Pylori

Background: Studies have reported relationship between chronic  Helicobacter pylori infection and coronary artery disease (CAD). The  cytotoxin-associated gene A product (CagA) is an immunodominant protein which indicates infection with virulent H. pylori strains. Significant  associations of CagA-positive H. pylori strains with coronary artery disorders have been widely reported. H. pylori is also known to produce different heat shock proteins (HSPs) which can stimulate the production of specific  antibody against microbial proteins and capable of eliciting autoimmune reaction against human tissue expressing HSPs such as vascular  endothelial cells. The objectives of this study are to investigate the  association between H. pylori and CagA with coronary atherosclerosis and CAD, and to determine the possible role of H. pylori HSP60 protein in increasing the risk of CAD development. Methods: This study included 70 patients with stable angina and 70 age and gender-matched controls. Each group was evaluated by clinical history, physical examination, cardiac echocardiography (ECHO) and electrocardiography (ECG) with and without exercise. Fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides (TG) were estimated by automated enzymatic methods. H. pylori IgG, CagA IgG and HSP60 IgG were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for both groups. Results: The seroprevalence of H. pylori infection was high in both groups; 75.7% in case and 68.6% in control (p=0.346). Serum IgG levels were significantly higher for CagA (p=0.028) and HSP60 (p<0.001) in cases than in controls. There was significant association between H. pylori and CagA IgGs in cases (p=0.007) but no association in controls (p=0.700). Higher HSP60 IgG level was significantly associated with both positive H. pylori IgG (p<0.001) and CagA IgG (p<0.001) in cases but no significant association was found with H. pylori (p=0.815) or CagA (p=0.332) IgG levels in the control group. Serum values were significantly higher for TC (p<0.001), TG (p<0.001) and LDL (p=0.004) while value for HDL was significantly lower (p<0.001) in H. pylori IgG-positive subjects (case and control). Conclusion: There is serological evidence that H. pylori infection may pose a significant risk factor for CAD. Since H. pylori can be eliminated by specific treatment, this may be a good preventive approach for CAD.Key words: H. pylori, coronary artery disease, CagA, HSP60, serology.

scholarly journals Correlates of infection with Helicobacter pylori positive and negative cytotoxin-associated gene A phenotypes among Arab and Jewish residents of Jerusalem

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Muhsen ◽  
R. Sinnereich ◽  
G. Beer-Davidson ◽  
H. Nassar ◽  
W. Abu Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Sibship Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cytotoxin Associated Gene A ◽  
H Pylori

Abstract We examined the prevalence and correlates of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection according to cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) phenotype, a main virulence antigen, among the ethnically diverse population groups of Jerusalem. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Arab (N = 959) and Jewish (N = 692) adults, randomly selected from Israel's national population registry in age-sex and population strata. Sera were tested for H. pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. Positive samples were tested for virulence IgG antibodies to recombinant CagA protein, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multinomial regression models were fitted to examine associations of sociodemographic factors with H. pylori phenotypes. H. pylori IgG antibody sero-prevalence was 83.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 80.0%–85.5%) and 61.4% (95% CI 57.7%–65.0%) among Arabs and Jews, respectively. Among H. pylori positives, the respective CagA IgG antibody sero-positivity was 42.3% (95% CI 38.9%–45.8%) and 32.5% (95% CI 28.2%–37.1%). Among Jews, being born in the Former Soviet Union, the Middle East and North Africa, vs. Israel and the Americas, was positively associated with CagA sero-positivity. In both populations, sibship size was positively associated with both CagA positive and negative phenotypes; and education was inversely associated. In conclusion, CagA positive and negative infection had similar correlates, suggesting shared sources of these two H. pylori phenotypes.

Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with chronic nonspecific pharyngitis: preliminary study

2007 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
İ Aladag ◽  
Y Bulut ◽  
M Guven ◽  
A Eyibilen ◽  
K Yelken
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
And Control

AbstractBackground and objectives:Chronic nonspecific pharyngitis is a chronic inflammation of the pharynx. It is found worldwide, and treatment is difficult. The underlying aetiopathogenesis is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in chronic nonspecific pharyngitis patients without other possible causative factors for chronic pharyngeal irritation and without H pylori gastric mucosal infection.Materials and methods:Forty-one patients with symptoms of chronic nonspecific pharyngitis and 30 healthy control subjects were enrolled in this prospective, controlled, clinical study. In both study and control groups, selected patients were shown to have gastric mucosa uninfected by H pylori, as demonstrated by the 14C-urea breath test. Comprehensive otorhinolaryngological examination did not elicit any factor contributing to the chronic pharyngeal complaint. Serum H pylori immunoglobulin G antibody titres were assayed using serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The difference between the study and control groups was analysed by the chi-square test (the likelihood ratio was used).Results:Thirty-two of the 41 patients (78 per cent) and 14 of the 30 control subjects (46.7 per cent) were found to be H pylori positive. Patients with chronic nonspecific pharyngitis were found to have a significantly higher rate of H pylori seropositivity than the control group (p = 0.016).Conclusion:These data may be important in developing future treatment strategies for chronic nonspecific pharyngitis.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin G Antibody against Helicobacter pylori: Clinical Implications of Levels Found in Serum

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1044-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tseng-Shing Chen ◽  
Fen-Yau Li ◽  
Full-Young Chang ◽  
Shou-Dong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Chronic Gastritis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT The clinical significance of high levels of antibody against Helicobacter pylori is still unclear. We sought to evaluate whether the serum antibody levels could predict the presence of macroscopic gastroduodenal disease, to identify factors that correlate with antibody levels in a multivariate context, and to determine the predictive value of antibody levels for diagnosing H. pylori infection. The grades of gastritis and density of H. pylori colonization were scored separately using the updated Sydney system for antral and body mucosa. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantitative detection in serum of IgG antibodies to H. pylori was performed. Of the 170 dyspeptic patients, 105 (62%) had H. pylori infection. There was no difference in antibody levels among endoscopic findings of normal mucosa, chronic gastritis, and duodenal ulcer. On multivariate linear regression analysis, the status of H. pylori infection, mononuclear cell infiltration of body mucosa, and age correlated with antibody levels. The negative predictive value for antibody levels of <30 U/ml is 94%, and the positive predictive value of antibody levels of >70 U/ml is 98%. We conclude that serum antibody levels do not predict the severity of gastroduodenal diseases or the density of H. pylori colonization in H. pylori-infected dyspeptic patients. Higher levels are associated with the presence of H. pylori infection, the chronic gastritis score of the corpus, and older age. Setting a gray zone is necessary for ELISA, since the accuracy in this zone does not allow a precise determination of H. pylori status.

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