Life course analysis on income and incident AMI: a Danish register-based cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 810-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit Kriegbaum ◽  
Charlotte Ørsted Hougaard ◽  
Ingelise Andersen ◽  
Henrik Brønnum-Hansen ◽  
Rikke Lund
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Social Gradient ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundSocial inequality in ischaemic heart disease has been related to socioeconomic position in childhood, early adulthood and late adulthood. However, the impact of relative level of accumulated income periods across adult life course and the potential gender and age differences have not been investigated. The aim was to investigate the association between relative level of accumulated income across the life course and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from age 60+ years and to study if the associations differ by gender and in different age groups (30–39 years, 40–49 years and 50–59 years).MethodsAll Danes born 1935–1954 (N=1 235 139) were followed up in registers for incident AMI (42 669 cases). The accumulated proportional deviation from median equivalised income (APDMEI) for each gender/age/calendar year strata was constructed and divided in quartiles. The associations were analysed by means of Cox’s proportional hazard models.ResultsAmong men, those in the lowest APDMEI quartile had an HR 1.40 (1.35–1.45) of AMI compared with the highest quartile. Those in the second and third highest quartiles had HR of 1.24 (1.20–1.28) and 1.14 (1.10–1.18), respectively. Among women, the lowest quartile had an HR of 1.78 (1.69–1.88), the second 1.45 (1.37–1.53) and the third 1.19 (1.13–1.26). The social gradient was similar across the different age groups.ConclusionThe risk of AMI increased with lower levels of relative accumulated income across the life course. While men generally had a higher risk of AMI, the social gradient was steeper in women. There was no indication of a specific sensitive age period for exposure to relative level of accumulated income.

scholarly journals A life course analysis of income and incident AMI - a Danish register based cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Lund ◽  
M Kriegbaum ◽  
I Andersen ◽  
C O Hougaard ◽  
H Brønnum-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Social Gradient ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Social inequality in ischemic heart disease has been related to socioeconomic position in childhood, early and late adulthood. However, the impact of relative level of accumulated income periods across adult life course and the potential gender and age differences has not been investigated. The aim was to investigate the association between relative level of accumulated income across the life course and Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from age 60+ and to study if the associations differ by gender and exposure in different age groups (30-39 years, 40-49 years and 50-59 years). Methods All Danes born 1935-54 N = 1,235,139 were followed-up in registers for incident AMI (ICD8: 410, ICD10: I20, I21) from age 60+, (42,669 cases). The The Accumulated Proportional Deviation from Median Equivalized Income = APDMEI for each gender/age /calendar year strata was constructed and divided in quartiles. The analyses stratified by birth cohort included all Danes born in 1955-70 (alive and reached age 40) N = 1,144,264, 1945-64 (alive and reached age 50), N = 1,434,769, 1935-1954 (alive and reached age 60) N = 1,235,139 including outcomes in the following 10 year period. Cox’s proportional hazard models adjusted for educational level, ethnic background and birth cohort. Results Among men, those in the lowest APDMEI quartile had a HR 1.40 (1.35-1.45) of AMI compared to the highest quartile, second and third highest quartiles had HR of 1.24 (1.20-1.28) and 1.14 (1.10-1.18), respectively. Among women the lowest quartile had a HR of 1.78 (1.69-1.88), the second 1.45 (1.37-1.53) and the third 1.19 (1.13-1.26). The social gradient was similar across the different age-groups. Conclusions The risk of AMI increased with lower levels of relative accumulated income across the life course. While men generally had a higher risk of AMI, the social gradient was steeper in women. There was no indication of a specific sensitive age period for exposure to relative level of accumulated income. Key messages Accumulated low income is associated with higher AMI risk in both men and women, but with larger relative differences between high and low accumulated income in women. This study adds a new approach to the study of inequalities in AMI by integrating duration and extent of low income into a relative measure of accumulated income.

scholarly journals CONTINUITY OF CAREER OVER THE LIFE COURSE ON LIFE SATISFACTION AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN LATER LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S128-S129
Author(s):  
Melanie S Hill ◽  
James E Hill ◽  
Stephanie Richardson ◽  
Jessica Brown ◽  
Jeremy B Yorgason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Career Choice ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Identity scholars have suggested that having a unified sense of past, present, and future is related to positive well-being outcomes (Whitbourne, Sneed & Skultety, 2009). One’s occupation can have a profound influence on an individual’s identity throughout the life course (Nazar & van der Heijden, 2012). Research has looked at career mobility among younger age groups (Baiyun, Ramkissoon, Greenwood, & Hoyte, 2018); however, less is known about the impact of career stability later in life. Consistency in career choice over the life course may have positive outcomes down the line as career becomes part of an individual's identity. The current study uses the Life and Family Legacies dataset, a longitudinal state-representative sample of 3,348, to examine individual’s careers at three points in the life course: high school (projected career choice), early adulthood, and later life. Results revealed that a match of desired career in high school and actual career in early adulthood was not predictive of life satisfaction or depressive symptoms in later life. However, a match of career in early adulthood and later life was significantly related to better life satisfaction and less depressive symptoms, which was explained through higher levels of job satisfaction. This study highlights the importance of acquiring and maintaining a career that is fulfilling to the individual over the course of early adulthood to later life.

scholarly journals Life Course Pathways From Childhood SES to Age-Related Declines in Kidney Function Across Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 832-832
Author(s):  
Agus Surachman ◽  
Alexis Santos ◽  
Jonathan Daw ◽  
Lacy Alexander ◽  
Christopher Coe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Age is a strong predictor of declines in kidney function across adulthood. Using data from 2,045 adults (ages 25-84) in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, we examined the life course pathways through which low parental education, through adult SES and body mass index (BMI), was associated with faster age-related declines in kidney function. Kidney function declines by 0.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year across adulthood. Lower parental education, through adult SES and BMI, was associated with higher kidney function among younger adults (Est = -1.61, SE = 0.62, 95%CI = -2.62, -0.60), but lower kidney function among older adults (Est = 0.93, SE = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.11, 1.79). The impact of early socioeconomic adversity on kidney function is initiated by kidney hyperfiltration in early adulthood and followed by faster declines and development into disease state in later adulthood.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Multigenerational Caregiving Across the Life Course in Europe

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Patterson ◽  
Rachel Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Financial Transfers ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

To better understand how caregiving varies across contexts and the impact of caregiving on social and economic outcomes, we need to understand how it varies across the entire adult life course and how sensitive caregiving estimates are to the inclusion of different directions and types of care. This is the first study to comprehensively describe multigenerational caregiving patterns by gender and age across European countries. We use the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) Wave 1 (N=114,147) to consider multiple definitions of multigenerational caregiving. In addition to personal care and financial transfers, we also include emotional transfers which are rarely examined. We also examine multigenerational care that includes simultaneous care for any two generations rather than just to parents and children which is most often studied. Across our sample of 11 European countries, we find that women are significantly more likely to give care than men across the life course, and these gender gaps are especially large during critical periods like young adulthood and mid-life around retirement ages. Including emotional caregiving as well as horizontal care (to a spouse, sibling, or friend) are both substantively important in shaping the life course pattern of caregiving and the size of the gender gap. The gender gap in the life course pattern of caregiving have implications for aging, intergenerational inequality, and human capital accumulation across the life course.

Depressive Symptoms Imputed Across the Life Course Are Associated with Cognitive Impairment and Cognitive Decline

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Willa D. Brenowitz ◽  
Adina Zeki Al Hazzouri ◽  
Eric Vittinghoff ◽  
Sherita H. Golden ◽  
Annette L. Fitzpatrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
The Life Course

Background: Depressive symptoms may increase risk for dementia, but findings are controversial because late-life depression may be a prodromal dementia symptom. Life course data on depression and dementia risk may clarify this association; however, data is limited. Objective: To impute adult depressive symptoms trajectories across adult life stages and estimate the association with cognitive impairment and decline. Methods: Using a pooled study of 4 prospective cohorts (ages 20–89), we imputed adult life course depressive symptoms trajectories based on Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-10 (CESD-10) and calculated time-weighted averages for early adulthood (ages 20–49), mid-life (ages 50–69), and late-life (ages 70–89) for 6,122 older participants. Adjusted pooled logistic and mixed-effects models estimated associations of imputed depressive symptoms with two cognitive outcomes: cognitive impairment defined by established criteria and a composite cognitive score. Results: In separate models, elevated depressive symptoms in each life stage were associated with cognitive outcomes: early adulthood OR for cognitive impairment = 1.59 (95%CI: 1.35,1.87); mid-life OR = 1.94 (95%CI:1.16, 3.26); and late-life OR = 1.77 (95%CI:1.42, 2.21). When adjusted for depressive symptoms in the other life-stages, elevated depressive symptoms in early adulthood (OR = 1.73; 95%CI: 1.42,2.11) and late-life (OR = 1.43; 95%CI: 1.08,1.89) remained associated with cognitive impairment and were also associated with faster rates of cognitive decline (p <  0.05). Conclusion: Imputing depressive symptom trajectories from pooled cohorts may help expand data across the life course. Our findings suggest early adulthood depressive symptoms may be a risk factor for cognitive impairment independent of mid- or late-life depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Family network size and survival across the lifespan of female macaques

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1854) ◽  
pp. 20170515 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. N. Brent ◽  
A. Ruiz-Lambides ◽  
M. L. Platt
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Network Size ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

Two decades of research suggest social relationships have a common evolutionary basis in humans and other gregarious mammals. Critical to the support of this idea is growing evidence that mortality is influenced by social integration, but when these effects emerge and how long they last is mostly unknown. Here, we report in adult female macaques that the impact of number of close adult female relatives, a proxy for social integration, on survival is not experienced uniformly across the life course; prime-aged females with a greater number of relatives had better survival outcomes compared with prime-aged females with fewer relatives, whereas no such effect was found in older females. Group size and dominance rank did not influence this result. Older females were less frequent targets of aggression, suggesting enhanced experience navigating the social landscape may obviate the need for social relationships in old age. Only one study of humans has found age-based dependency in the association between social integration and survival. Using the largest dataset for any non-human animal to date, our study extends support for the idea that sociality promotes survival and suggests strategies employed across the life course change along with experience of the social world.

scholarly journals Overview

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Gowland ◽  
Bennjamin Penny-Mason
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Age Identity ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Source Of Information

Historical evidence has provided a rich source of information concerning the structure and experience of the medieval life-course. Archaeology has also contributed to these debates, through the material remains associated with different age groups and the structural remains of houses, but primarily via the wealth of evidence provided by the medieval cemeteries. Human skeletal remains are proving to be a particularly fruitful source of data for understanding the relationship between chronological, biological, and social ages in medieval England. This overview examines the historical, archaeological, and bioarchaeological evidence for the medieval life-course, from infancy to old age. This range of evidence is integrated and discussed with reference to current theoretical approaches to the life course and age identity within the social sciences.

scholarly journals Gender and Age Patterns on WhatsApp Statuses as Used by Jordanians: A Sociolinguistic Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Ala'a Mohammad Al-Smadi
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Third ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Age Patterns ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact

This study aims at investigating the WhatsApp statuses as used by Jordanian people from a sociolinguistic point of view. It attempts to examine the use of the WhatsApp statuses in relation to the impact of gender and age on the topic being used. To achieve this goal, 400 statuses were collected from Jordanian males and females who are divided into two main age groups: the first one consists of participants whose age is above 30 years old, and the second group whose participants are under 30 years old. Then, the data were analyzed quantitatively and categorized based on the main following topics; religious, social, political, economic and fixed statuses. The results show that gender and age have essential impacts on the statuses being used. For example, the religious statuses are the most frequently used topic by Jordanian females whereas the social statuses are the most frequently used topic by Jordanian males. However, the political and economic statuses are the least frequent statuses used among Jordanian. Moreover, the results show that the most frequently used topic among males who are above 30 years old is the fixed statuses suggested by the mobile itself whereas the most frequently used topic among males who are under 30 years old is the social topic. On the other hand, the impact of age among females is clearly manifested in the use of the fixed statuses suggested by the mobile itself. For instance, the females who are above 30 years old use the fixed statuses more dramatic than the females who are under 30 years old. Also, the fixed statuses are the second frequently used topic by the females who are above 30 years old whereas they are the third frequently used topic by females who are under 30 years old.

scholarly journals Inequalities in all-cause and cause-specific mortality across the life course by wealth and income in Sweden: a register-based cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 917-925
Author(s):  
S Vittal Katikireddi ◽  
Claire L Niedzwiedz ◽  
Ruth Dundas ◽  
Naoki Kondo ◽  
Alastair H Leyland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Economic Position ◽  
Wealth Inequalities

Abstract Background Wealth inequalities are increasing in many countries, but their relationship to health is little studied. We investigated the association between individual wealth and mortality across the adult life course in Sweden. Methods We studied the Swedish adult population using national registers. The amount of wealth tax paid in 1990 was the main exposure of interest and the cohort was followed up for 18 years. Relative indices of inequality (RII) summarize health inequalities across a population and were calculated for all-cause and cause-specific mortality for six different age groups, stratified by sex, using Poisson regression. Mortality inequalities by wealth were contrasted with those assessed by individual and household income. Attenuation by four other measures of socio-economic position and other covariates was investigated. Results Large inequalities in mortality by wealth were observed and their association with mortality remained more stable across the adult life course than inequalities by income-based measures. Men experienced greater inequalities across all ages (e.g. the RII for wealth was 2.58 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.54–2.63) in men aged 55–64 years compared with 2.29 (95% CI 2.24–2.34) for women aged 55–64 years), except among the over 85s. Adjustment for covariates, including four other measures of socio-economic position, led to only modest reductions in the association between wealth and mortality. Conclusions Wealth is strongly associated with mortality throughout the adult life course, including early adulthood. Income redistribution may be insufficient to narrow health inequalities—addressing the increasingly unequal distribution of wealth in high-income countries should be considered.

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