The life course, the social gradient, and health

2005 ◽  
pp. 54-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Marmot ◽  
Richard G. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Social Gradient ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Life Course

Life course analysis on income and incident AMI: a Danish register-based cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 810-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit Kriegbaum ◽  
Charlotte Ørsted Hougaard ◽  
Ingelise Andersen ◽  
Henrik Brønnum-Hansen ◽  
Rikke Lund
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Social Gradient ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundSocial inequality in ischaemic heart disease has been related to socioeconomic position in childhood, early adulthood and late adulthood. However, the impact of relative level of accumulated income periods across adult life course and the potential gender and age differences have not been investigated. The aim was to investigate the association between relative level of accumulated income across the life course and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from age 60+ years and to study if the associations differ by gender and in different age groups (30–39 years, 40–49 years and 50–59 years).MethodsAll Danes born 1935–1954 (N=1 235 139) were followed up in registers for incident AMI (42 669 cases). The accumulated proportional deviation from median equivalised income (APDMEI) for each gender/age/calendar year strata was constructed and divided in quartiles. The associations were analysed by means of Cox’s proportional hazard models.ResultsAmong men, those in the lowest APDMEI quartile had an HR 1.40 (1.35–1.45) of AMI compared with the highest quartile. Those in the second and third highest quartiles had HR of 1.24 (1.20–1.28) and 1.14 (1.10–1.18), respectively. Among women, the lowest quartile had an HR of 1.78 (1.69–1.88), the second 1.45 (1.37–1.53) and the third 1.19 (1.13–1.26). The social gradient was similar across the different age groups.ConclusionThe risk of AMI increased with lower levels of relative accumulated income across the life course. While men generally had a higher risk of AMI, the social gradient was steeper in women. There was no indication of a specific sensitive age period for exposure to relative level of accumulated income.

scholarly journals A life course analysis of income and incident AMI - a Danish register based cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Lund ◽  
M Kriegbaum ◽  
I Andersen ◽  
C O Hougaard ◽  
H Brønnum-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Social Gradient ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Social inequality in ischemic heart disease has been related to socioeconomic position in childhood, early and late adulthood. However, the impact of relative level of accumulated income periods across adult life course and the potential gender and age differences has not been investigated. The aim was to investigate the association between relative level of accumulated income across the life course and Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from age 60+ and to study if the associations differ by gender and exposure in different age groups (30-39 years, 40-49 years and 50-59 years). Methods All Danes born 1935-54 N = 1,235,139 were followed-up in registers for incident AMI (ICD8: 410, ICD10: I20, I21) from age 60+, (42,669 cases). The The Accumulated Proportional Deviation from Median Equivalized Income = APDMEI for each gender/age /calendar year strata was constructed and divided in quartiles. The analyses stratified by birth cohort included all Danes born in 1955-70 (alive and reached age 40) N = 1,144,264, 1945-64 (alive and reached age 50), N = 1,434,769, 1935-1954 (alive and reached age 60) N = 1,235,139 including outcomes in the following 10 year period. Cox’s proportional hazard models adjusted for educational level, ethnic background and birth cohort. Results Among men, those in the lowest APDMEI quartile had a HR 1.40 (1.35-1.45) of AMI compared to the highest quartile, second and third highest quartiles had HR of 1.24 (1.20-1.28) and 1.14 (1.10-1.18), respectively. Among women the lowest quartile had a HR of 1.78 (1.69-1.88), the second 1.45 (1.37-1.53) and the third 1.19 (1.13-1.26). The social gradient was similar across the different age-groups. Conclusions The risk of AMI increased with lower levels of relative accumulated income across the life course. While men generally had a higher risk of AMI, the social gradient was steeper in women. There was no indication of a specific sensitive age period for exposure to relative level of accumulated income. Key messages Accumulated low income is associated with higher AMI risk in both men and women, but with larger relative differences between high and low accumulated income in women. This study adds a new approach to the study of inequalities in AMI by integrating duration and extent of low income into a relative measure of accumulated income.

The Social Context and Resources of the Unmarried in Old Age

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat M. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Role Transitions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Life Course

A model of singleness in later life was developed to show how the social context may influence the personal and social resources of older, unmarried persons. The unmarried (especially the divorced) will be an increasing proportion of the aged population in the future, and they will require more services than will the married. Role transitions of the unmarried over the life course, finances, health, and social relationships of older singles are discussed with implications for practice and future research.

Social Characteristics as Predictors of ADHD Labeling across the Life Course

2020 ◽  
pp. 215686932091653
Author(s):  
Melissa Thompson ◽  
Lindsey Wilkinson ◽  
Hyeyoung Woo
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
First Time

Although originally considered to be a disorder of childhood, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly being diagnosed for the first time in adulthood. Yet we know little about the social characteristics (race, gender, and social class) of those first labeled in adulthood, how these differ from those first labeled in childhood/adolescence, and whether the ADHD label is applied proportionately across social groups given ADHD symptomology. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, the current research considers how typifications of ADHD affect application of the ADHD label in childhood/adolescence and in adulthood. Results indicate that even after controlling for ADHD symptoms, social characteristics are important predictors of the ADHD label in childhood/adolescence but are less influential in predicting ADHD labeling in adulthood. Additionally, results indicate the importance of race in moderating the association between childhood ADHD symptoms and application of the ADHD label throughout the life course.

Citizenship Across the Life Course

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Elaine Lynn-Ee Ho
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
International Borders ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Way

Analyzing emigration, immigration, and re-migration concurrently, under the framework of contemporaneous migration, directs us toward evaluating what it means to stake claims to different components of citizenship in more than one political community across a migrant’s life course. This chapter examines the way the Mainland Chinese migrants negotiate social reproduction concerns that extend across international borders, their multiple national affiliations, and aspirations for recognition and rights as they journey between China and Canada across the life course. Patterns of re-migration are transforming the social relations of citizenship, re-spatializing rights, obligations, and belonging. Source and destination countries are also reversed during repeated re-migration or transnational sojourning. Transnational sojourning forges citizenship constellations that interlink how migrants understand and experience citizenship across different migration sites.

What is ‘impact’? Learning from examples across the professional life course

2018 ◽  
pp. 181-201
Author(s):  
Tina Haux
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Research Impact ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Life Course

The inclusion of research impact in the 2014 Research Excellence Framework in the UK (REF2014) was greeted with scepticism by the academic community, not least due to the challenges of defining and measuring the nature and significance of impact. A new analytical framework of the nature of impact is developed in this chapter and it distinguishes between policy creation, direction, discourse and practice. This framework is then applied to the top-ranked impact case studies in the REF2014 from the Social Work and Social Policy sub-panel and the ESRC Early Career Impact Prize Winners in order to assess impact across the life-course of academics.  

scholarly journals Life Stories of Voluntarily Childless Older People: A Retrospective View on Their Reasons and Experiences

2020 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2094990
Author(s):  
Hannelore Stegen ◽  
Lise Switsers ◽  
Liesbeth De Donder
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Social Critic ◽  
Voluntarily Childless ◽  
Voluntary Childlessness ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Retrospective View ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Life Course

This article investigates the reasons for and experiences of voluntary childlessness throughout the life course. Thirteen voluntarily childless people aged 60 years and older (Belgium) were interviewed using the McAdams approach (2005). Four profiles were derived from the reasons given for voluntary childlessness: the “liberated careerist,” the “social critic,” the “acquiescent partner,” and “voluntarily childless because of life course circumstances.” Results further indicate that older people experience feelings of acceptance, loss (missing familiarity with current trends, being helped, and children’s company), and relief concerning their voluntary childlessness. Moreover, they rarely seem to regret their choice. The discussion indicates the existence of voluntary childlessness among older people, a phenomenon sometimes questioned in the existing scientific literature. As part of a diverse target group, each of these older adults has their personal reasons and experiences regarding childlessness.

The Life-Course and Human Development: An Ecological Perspective

1979 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen H. Elder ◽  
Richard C. Rockwell
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Socioeconomic Environment ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Status Differences

A life-course perspective is applied to the study of human development in ecological context. Three meanings of age (developmental, social, and historical) represent key elements of this perspective and depict lives in terms of aging, career, and historical setting. Age locates people in history (by birth year) and in the social structure. The neglect of such temporal distinctions in problem formulation has consequences in studies of status differences and psychological states, of careers and work satisfaction, of children's socioeconomic environment and the family economy, and of life change and stress. Alternative questions based on the life-course facilitate explanatory assessments of the relation between environmental and personal change.

Sexy till I die: What applied theatre can offer in approaches to sexual health

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-375
Author(s):  
Leah Tidey
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Critical Pedagogy ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Social ◽  
Applied Theatre ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract For older adults in Canada, too often shame and silence describe their experiences of sexual health. With more citizens over the age of 65 than ever before and increasing rates of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) in older adults, we are facing a serious issue. Applied theatre offers an innovative approach to deconstructing social stigma in sexuality across the life course, whereby new understandings and perceptions may emerge for people of all ages. The usefulness, gaps and application of three different approaches to sexual health issues are examined to highlight innovations in addressing sexual health and critique ageist, sexist and heteronormative assumptions through a feminist, critical pedagogy lens. The analysis culminates in a proposed outline for an intergenerational, community-based theatre project to address the social stigma of sexuality across the life course entitled You're Doing What?! At Your Age?!

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