573 A novel human anti-PD1/IL15 bi-functional protein with robust anti-tumor activity and low systemic toxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A607-A607
Author(s):  
Dan Lu ◽  
Zhanna Polonskaya ◽  
Tzu-Pei Chang ◽  
Stella Martomo ◽  
Xenia Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Systemic Toxicity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Bifunctional Protein ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity

BackgroundIL-15 is a key cytokine promoting CD8+ T, NK, and NKT cell proliferation and has demonstrated clinical activity in cancer patients without evidence of any Treg stimulation.1 2 However, its short half-life and systemic toxicity limit its clinical utility. Kadmon has established an IL-15 fusion protein platform to extend the IL-15 serum half-life and direct its action to the tumor microenvironment.3 A major asset of this platform is anti-PD1/IL15 bifunctional protein. To test the bifunctionality hypothesis of this fusion protein in murine models, four different formats of the surrogate bi-functional proteins were engineered by fusing mouse IL-15 to a mouse-human chimeric anti-mouse PD1 antibody (m3A7). We presented earlier that the single IL-15 N-terminal fusion to anti-PD1 antibody (1N-IL-15/m3A7) showed significantly stronger anti-tumor activity in vivo mainly due to the cis-presentation to the PD1 and IL2Rβγ co-expressed on TILs. The cis-presentation potentially maximizes the bi-functionality of PD1 blockade and IL-15 stimulation.4 Here, the therapeutic single IL-15 N-terminal fusion antibodies containing a novel human PD1 antagonist antibody (38B2) and either wild-type IL15 (1N-IL-15/38B2) or mutated 65S-IL15 (65S-1N-IL-15/38B2) have been constructed; their anti-PD1 functions, IL15 stimulation and anti-tumor activities were evaluated.MethodsPurified 1N-IL-15/38B2 and 65S-1N-IL-15/38B2 were generated and characterized in vitro.4 The anti-tumor activities were examined in the human-PD-1/PD-L1 transgenic BALB/c mice subcutaneously transplanted with the human-PD-L1 positive CT26 colon carcinoma. The treatment was started when tumors reached 100 mm3 (IP, QW).ResultsAll 1N-IL-15/anti-PD1 fusions showed similar potencies in binding to the soluble and cell expressed human PD1 and blocking the hPDL-1 binding to hPD1. Comparing to wild-type 1N-IL-15/38B2, mutated 65S-1N-IL-15/38B2 showed lower stimulation (>150 folds) in the M07e, CTLL2, mouse spleen cells and hPBMC (mainly CD8T+ T cell) proliferation. When we treated hPDL1-CT26 tumor transplanted hPDL1-hPD1 transgenic mice with 65S-1N-IL-15/38B2 at 6 mg/kg, 80% of tumor growth inhibition (TGI) was achieved with no body-weight loss. Although wild-type 1N-IL-15/38B2 at 3 mg/kg demonstrated similar efficacy, a significant mouse body-weight loss was observed and 1/3 mice died after second injection. No anti-tumor activity was observed for 65S-1N-IL-15 non-target fusion in 6 mg/kg.ConclusionsThe previous observation of robust anti-tumor activity of surrogate 1N-IL-15/m3A7 in PD1 resistant LL2 model was replicated with the therapeutic bifunctional protein in this study. We also found that lower stimulation 65S-1N-IL-15/38B2 showed strong anti-tumor activity with significant low systemic toxicity; suggesting that the 65S mutation increased the therapeutic window of this bi-functional proteinReferencesGoldrath, AW etc. Cytokine requirements for acute and basal homeostatic proliferation of naive and memory CD8+ T cells. J Exp Med 2002; 195:1515–1522.Waldmann TA. Cytokines in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018;103. Martomo, S. etc. ESMO 2019 1221P; SITC 2019 P#4854. Polonskaya Z. etc. AACR 2020 #2263

Comparison of an FAP-targeted, CD137 activating DARPin drug candidate with a non-targeted, CD137 activating antibody in a human PBMC transplanted HT-29 mouse tumor model.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14626-e14626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Hepp ◽  
Alexander Link ◽  
Ulrike Fiedler ◽  
Christian Reichen ◽  
Clara Metz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Systemic Toxicity ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Tumor Growth Inhibition ◽  
Human Pbmcs ◽  
Ht 29

e14626 Background: Urelumab (BMS-663513) is a humanized monoclonal antibody binding to CD137 which, upon Fc-clustering, leads to activation of T-cells. Urelumab is currently in Phase 2 clinical development and has been reported to cause significant hepatotoxicities (around 15% Grade ≥2 ALT and AST elevation) when given as infusion every 3 weeks at doses ≥0.3 mg/kg. Currently ongoing clinical trials report decreased systemic toxicity but limited efficacy at lower doses of urelumab. We hypothesized that more effective triggering of CD137 without associated systemic toxicity may be achieved by targeting a CD137 agonistic engager without Fc to fibroblast activation protein (FAP) which is abundantly expressed in the stroma of many solid tumors. To achieve this, a targeted molecule belonging to the DARPin family of binding proteins was composed of one FAP- and two CD137-binding domains in a “beads on a string” format and tested in a mouse model with human PBMCs. Methods: Human PBMCs were used to reconstitute the immune system in NOG mice implanted subcutaneously with HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Mice were monitored for survival, body weight, and tumor size during the treatment phase of two weeks. Results: None of the mice in the control group died and no significant body weight loss was observed. Six of ten (60%) mice in the CD137 antibody group showed strong signs of graft vs. host disease and either died or reached the termination criterion of ≥20% body weight loss and were sacrificed. One of 30 (3%) mice died in the DARPin drug candidate groups but none of the animals showed body weight loss of ≥20% (p < 0.001, Log-rank test). Tumor growth inhibition was comparable for all treatment groups (around 20-30% at Day 18, p < 0.05 vs. control, Mann Whitney Test). Conclusions: This study confirms the hypothesis that systemic toxicities caused by the urelumab mode of action can be circumvented by FAP-targeting of a CD137 agonistic DARPin drug candidate while achieving comparable tumor growth inhibition. Consequently, higher clinical doses of tumor stroma-targeted agonistic DARPin drug candidates might be possible, and may result in stronger tumor growth inhibition.

scholarly journals TFL Deletion Induces Incredible CXCL13 Secretion and Cachexia in Vavp-Bcl2Transgenic Mice

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 3908-3908
Author(s):  
Kentaro Minagawa ◽  
Kanako Wakahashi ◽  
Fukui Chie ◽  
Shinichiro Nishikawa ◽  
Noboru Asada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
B Cell Lymphomas

Abstract Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) are heterogeneous diseases caused by several genetic aberrations. The novel post-transcriptional regulator gene called transformed follicular lymphoma (TFL) was first identified from t(2;6)(p12;q23), which appeared during the transformation of FL to DLBCL (Minagawa et al. Br J Haematol 2007). Normal human lymphocytes generally express TFL, but it is defective in some leukemia/lymphoma cell lines. TFL overexpression in such cell lines inhibited cell growth, suggesting that TFL functions as a tumor suppressor (Minagawa et al. Mol Cancer Res 2009). TFL locates in mRNA processing body in the cytoplasm and has the unique CCCH-type zinc finger motif functioning as RNase. TFL regulates several cytokines, including IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-17a, via mRNA degradation. In an experimental autoimmune encephalitis model, TFL null mice (TFL-/-) demonstrated persistent paralysis, resulting from more infiltration of Th17 cells into CNS with markedly increased IL-17a mRNA levels. Therefore, a TFL-driven feedback mechanism for excessive inflammation is indispensable to suppress T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases (Minagawa et al. J Immunol 2014). TFL deletion examined by FISH using a 110kbp DNA probe containing an entireTFL locus was found in 12.8% of mature B-cell lymphomas (n=86, FL=30, DLBCL=40). However, the pathological significance of TFL deletion has not yet been clarified. To investigate how TFL loss affects lymphoma biology, we developed VavP-bcl2 transgenic (Bcl2-Tg)/TFL-/-mice. Although the survival of TFL-/- was comparable to the wild-type, Bcl2-Tg/TFL-/- died about 19 weeks earlier than Bcl2-Tg (Fig. 1). Both strains developed lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly similarly. No different microscopic finding was noted in lymph nodes, spleen, or bone marrow (BM). No additional malignancy was found in Bcl2-Tg/TFL-/- on autopsy. However, significant body weight loss appeared by 30 weeks in Bcl2-Tg/TFL-/- but not in Bcl2-Tg (Fig. 3). To identify what causes earlier death in Bcl2-Tg/TFL-/-, we carefully examined the phenotypic change of BM lymphocytes. We found a unique B220-IgM+ population in Bcl2-Tg BM, which was not found in wild-type. We speculated that TFL deficiency in this population might drive the deterioration in Bcl2-Tg/TFL-/-. To identify which mRNA was dysregulated by TFL deficiency, we comprehensively analyzed mRNA expression profiles in B220-IgM+ cells in both strains using cDNA microarray chip. Among several genes upregulated at least threefold in Bcl2-Tg/TFL-/- than Bcl2-Tg, we paid attention to CXCL13, the mRNA expression of which in Bcl2-Tg/TFL-/- was 4.19-fold higher than that in Bcl2-Tg (p=0.03). In fact, CXCL13 concentration in BM extracellular fluid as well as plasma in Bcl2-Tg/TFL-/- showed incredible increase in a logarithmic scale (Fig. 2). As a noteworthy event, body weight loss in Bcl2-Tg/TFL-/- followed the increase of CXCL13 in plasma by 30 weeks (Fig. 3). To confirm that TFL post-transcriptionally regulates CXCL13 mRNA through the degradation of its 3′UTR, we performed a reporter assay with a plasmid vector containing 3′UTR of CXCL13 mRNA. Co-transfection with a TFL expression vector showed decreased luciferase activity compared to the control. This suggests that TFL directly regulates CXCL13 mRNA via its 3′UTR degradation. This regulation occurs more prominently in B-cell lineage rather than myeloid or T-cell lineage, whereas IL-2 mRNA regulation occurs promiscuously. CXCL13 secretion was significantly increased in the culture supernatant of BM cells but not spleen cells derived from Bcl2-Tg/TFL-/-. We further sorted several cell populations, including B220-IgM+ in BM, and cultured them for 96 h. CXCL13 secretion from B220-IgM+ population was increased significantly compared to other populations. Thus, we concluded that B220-IgM+ cells in BM are the main producer of CXCL13 in Bcl2-Tg/TFL-/-. Loss of TFL-driven attenuation for excessive inflammation in lymphoma-bearing mice could contribute to the short survival. It is of interest whether high plasma CXCL13 directly affects cachexia and early death in Bcl2-Tg/TFL-/-. TFL deletion in human lymphoma might contribute not only to malignant transformation but also to a major B symptom, i.e., weight loss. Our findings may open a new window for the predictive factor on the prognosis of B-cell lymphoma and/or new therapeutic intervention by targeting CXCL13. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

217-LB: YH34160, a Novel Long-Acting GDF15 Fusion Protein, Elicits Potent and Sustained Body Weight Loss in Obese Animal Models

Diabetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 217-LB
Author(s):  
SEYOUNG LIM ◽  
JIEUN YANG ◽  
DO-HOON KIM ◽  
MI KYEONG JU ◽  
SUKYUNG KIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Obese Animal ◽  
Long Acting

scholarly journals P088 TLR3 ameliorates colitis-associated colon tumourigenesis in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S179-S179
Author(s):  
Y K Jun ◽  
S J Koh ◽  
H W Gang ◽  
K Y Chung ◽  
J M Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tumour Development ◽  
Iκb Kinase ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signalling regulates innate and adaptive immune systems by the recognition of dsRNA. Activation of TLR3 signalling by poly(I:C) attenuates dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced murine colitis. However, little information is available on the role of TLR3 signalling in the development of colitis-associated colon tumourigenesis. Methods Wild-type (WT) and TLR3-deficient (TLR3−/−) mice were intraperitoneally injected azoxymethane (AOM) 12.5 mg/kg on day 0 followed by three cycles of 2% DSS for 5 days and 2 weeks of free water consumption. Clinical indices such as weight change, colon length, the number of tumours, and the histologic severity of colitis were evaluated in each experiment. Immunohistochemical or immunofluorescence analyses for phospho-IκB kinase (IKK) and β-catenin were performed in colon tissues. To elucidate the antitumourigenic mechanism by colon inflammation, poly(I:C) or PBS was intraperitoneally injected in the AOM/DSS-induced tumourigenesis model in WT mice. To evaluate direct antitumor effect on tumourigenesis, as first experimental model, both WT and TLR3−/− mice were intraperitoneally injected AOM weekly for 12 weeks without DSS treatment. As the second experimental model, WT and TLR3−/− mice were received 2% DSS mixed with drinking water three times for 5 days every 2 weeks after one intraperitoneal AOM injection. Results TLR3−/− mice exhibited a higher tumour burden compared with wild-type mice. Body weight loss was greater in TLR3−/− mice than in WT mice. However, here was no significant difference in colon length and the severity of colitis between the two groups. Immunoreactivity for β-catenin was markedly increased in TLR3−/− mice. However, there was no difference in IKK expression. Activation of TLR3 by poly(I:C) was not associated with the reduced tumour development in WT mice. However, repeated AOM injections without DSS resulted in greater body weight loss in TLR3−/− mice than in WT mice, which was associated with the increased tumour development in TLR3−/−mice. Conclusion TLR3 signalling attenuated colitis-associated colon cancer development. Based on our experiments, TLR3 signalling inhibits colon tumourigenesis by direct antitumor activity rather than anti-inflammatory effect of colitis.

1965-P: Glucagon Receptor Agonism Stimulates Body Weight Loss in Antibiotic Treatment in Obese Mice

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1965-P
Author(s):  
TEAYOUN KIM ◽  
JESSICA P. ANTIPENKO ◽  
SHELLY NASON ◽  
NATALIE PRESEDO ◽  
WILLIAM J. VAN DER POL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Glucagon Receptor

Relation between change in treatment for central diabetes insipidus and body weight loss

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako Ito ◽  
Aya Nozaki ◽  
Ichiro Horie ◽  
Takao Ando ◽  
Atsushi Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Central Diabetes Insipidus

scholarly journals Isoquinoline Alkaloids in Sows’ Diet Reduces Body Weight Loss during Lactation and Increases IgG in Colostrum

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2195
Author(s):  
Ester Arévalo Sureda ◽  
Xuemei Zhao ◽  
Valeria Artuso-Ponte ◽  
Sophie-Charlotte Wall ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloids ◽  
Back Muscle ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
And Performance

Isoquinoline alkaloids (IQ) exert beneficial antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects in livestock. Therefore, we hypothesized that supplementing sows’ diets with IQ during gestation would decrease farrowing stress, affecting the piglets’ development and performance. Sows were divided into: IQ1, supplemented with IQ from gestation day 80 (G80) to weaning; IQ2, supplemented from gestation day 110 (G110) to weaning, and a non-supplemented (NC) group. Sow body weight (BW), feed intake, back-fat thickness and back-muscle thickness were monitored. Cortisol, glucose and insulin were measured in sows’ blood collected 5 d before, during, and after 7 d farrowing. Protein, fat, IgA and IgG were analyzed in the colostrum and milk. Piglets were monitored for weight and diarrhea score, and for ileum histology and gene expression 5 d post-weaning. IQ-supplemented sows lost less BW during lactation. Glucose and insulin levels were lower in the IQ groups compared to NC-sows 5 d before farrowing and had higher levels of protein and IgG in their colostrum. No other differences were observed in sows, nor in the measured parameters in piglets. In conclusion, IQ supplementation affected sows’ metabolism, reducing body weight loss during lactation. Providing IQ to sows from their entrance into the maternity barn might be sufficient to induce these effects. IQ improved colostrum quality, increasing the protein and IgG content, improving passive immunity for piglets.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document