Intersectional effects of gender and ethnicity? A quantitative analysis of bonus pay gap data for Shelford Hospital consultants

BackgroundMale hospital consultants earn 13% more than their female counterparts. The intersectional effects of ethnicity and gender are not known.ObjectiveTo describe and analyse the mean bonus pay gap in terms of gender and ethnicity for consultants across the Shelford Group.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingHospitals in the Shelford Group.ParticipantsShelford Group hospitals.Main outcome measuresMean bonus pay gap for male vs female and White vs Black, Asian, Minority Ethnic (BAME) consultants.ResultsSeven of the 10 Shelford Group hospitals provided data for financial year 2018/2019. The average mean bonus gender pay gap was in favour of male consultants (30%; range 12%–48%), and also favoured White consultants compared with BAME consultants (17%; range 7%–31%). The average mean bonus pay gap between White male and BAME male consultants was 20% (range 7%–34%) in favour of White male consultants, while that for White male and BAME female consultants was 46% (range 26%–60%) in favour of White male consultants.ConclusionsOur data show for the first time that there may be an intersectional effect of gender and ethnicity associated with mean bonus pay for consultants. Action is needed to address this imbalance.

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Analysis of Surgical Recurrence after Larynx Microsurgery for Benign Lesions

International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1718529 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Theresa Costa Ramos de Oliveira Patrial ◽

Rogério Hamerschmidt ◽

Jorge Eduardo Fouto Matias ◽

Evaldo Dacheux de Macedo Filho ◽

Bettina Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Associated Lesions ◽

Surgical Recurrence ◽

Retrospective Data Collection ◽

The Mean ◽

And Gender ◽

Benign Laryngeal Lesions ◽

Reinke Edema

Abstract Introduction The study of larynx lesions is of great importance. More than 50% of people with vocal complaints have benign vocal fold alterations and some require surgery. Objective To determine which factors are related to surgical recurrence of benign laryngeal lesions and to determine which videolaryngoscopic diagnoses are related to the risk or protection of surgical relapses over time. Methods Observational, analytical, cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection of 1,383 surgeries in 1,301 patients. Results The mean age at the first surgery was 39.2 years old. The predominant gender was female (65.6%).There were 396 cases of polyps (25.34%), 349 cases of cysts (22.33%), 261 cases of Reinke edema (16.7%), 175 cases of nodules (11.2%), 153 cases of minor structural alterations (MSAs) (9.79%), 94 cases of leukoplakia (6.01%), 77 cases of granulomas (4.93%) and 58 cases of pseudocysts (3.71%). The age presented statistical significance with the risk of surgical relapses (p = 0.016). Male gender was associated with the greatest chance of relapse.Diagnosis of granuloma (p < 0.001) and of leukoplakia (p < 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of surgical recurrence. Cyst diagnosis was associated with protection (p = 0.015) in relation to the chance of further surgeries. Patients with associated lesions, bilaterals or voice professionals did not present a statistically significant association with surgical recurrence. Conclusion Age and gender are statistically related to the increase of surgical relapses. Leukoplakia and granuloma are associated with increased surgical relapses. Patients submitted to cyst microsurgery appear to be protected against surgical recurrence.

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Association between Industry Payments and Scholarly Impact among Academic Ophthalmologists

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1677681 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (01) ◽

pp. e1-e8

Author(s):

Michael Solotke ◽

Susan Forster ◽

Jessica Chow ◽

Jenesis Duran ◽

Hasna Karim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Outcome ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Academic Rank ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

H Index ◽

Residency Programs ◽

Scholarly Impact ◽

The Mean ◽

And Gender ◽

Open Payments

Purpose The aim of this article is to examine the association between industry payments to ophthalmologists and scholarly impact. Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods All ophthalmology faculty at United States accredited ophthalmology residency programs were included in this study. The main exposure was industry payments to ophthalmologists in 2016, as reported in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payments Database. The primary outcome was Hirsch index (H-index), a measure of scholarly impact. Results Among 1,653 academic ophthalmologists in our study, 1,225 (74%) received industry payments in 2016. We did not observe a difference between the mean H-index of ophthalmologists receiving any industry payments versus those not receiving any payments (p = 0.68). In analysis including only ophthalmologists who received industry payments, H-index differed significantly by payment amount: 12.6 for ophthalmologists receiving less than $100, 12.2 for those receiving $100 to 1,000, 18.8 for those receiving $1,000 to 10,000, 21.3 for those receiving $10,000 to 100,000, and 29.4 for those receiving greater than $100,000 (p < 0.001). Within each academic rank and gender, industry payments greater than $1,000 were associated with a higher H-index (p < 0.05). Conclusions Although our analysis cannot prove causality, we observed a significant association between industry payments and scholarly impact among academic ophthalmologists, even after adjusting for gender, academic rank, and subspecialty. Prospective studies should further evaluate this relationship.

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Prevalence of Colorectal Carcinoma With Respect to Age and Gender

10.53350/pjmhs2115123198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 3198-3199

Author(s):

Pervez Muhammad ◽

Sajjad Muhammad ◽

Muhammad Tariq ◽

Amir Khan ◽

Akhtar Munir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Carcinoma ◽

Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Medical Institute ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Medical College ◽

Gender Study ◽

The Mean ◽

And Gender

Aim: Prevalence of colorectal carcinoma with respect to age and gender Study design: Observational / cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at the Department of Pathology and Surgery, Post Graduate Medical Institute Lahore and Jinnah Medical College Peshawar from July, 2013 to February, 2015 Methodology: Surgical specimens of 60 histopathologically diagnosed cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma were included in this study. Age and sex were evaluated in CRC. Results: The mean±sd of age was 54.4±19.7 yrs. Out of 60 cases, 6 (10%) were between 16-29 yrs, 9 (15%) cases were between 30-49 yrs, 34 cases (56.7%) were of 50-69 yrs and 11 cases (18.33%) were of 70 yrs. Out of sixty cases, males were 33 (55%) and females were 27(45%). Conclusion: There are 34 out of 60(56.7%) patients were 50-69 years and 33 out of 60 (55%) cases were males i.e. males dominance. Keywords: Colorectal adenocarcinoma, immunohistochemistry, gender

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Maxillary Frenulum in Newborns: Association with Breastfeeding

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/0194599820913605 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 162 (6) ◽

pp. 954-958 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Reena Razdan ◽

Sarah Callaham ◽

Renee Saggio ◽

Mary Chafin ◽

Michele M. Carr

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Academic Hospital ◽

Birth Mothers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Breastfeeding Education ◽

Biological Children ◽

The Mean ◽

First Time

Objective To relate maxillary and lingual frenulum configuration to breastfeeding success. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Newborn nursery in tertiary care academic hospital. Subjects and Methods Newborns were observed between 24 and 72 hours after birth. Mothers were asked a series of questions relating to their breastfeeding experience. The maxillary and lingual frenula were examined and scored. Corresponding LATCH scores were recorded. Results A total of 161 mothers with newborns participated. The mean gestational age of newborns was 38.81 weeks (95% CI, 38.65-38.98); 82 (50.9%) male and 79 (49.1%) female newborns were included. In sum, 70.8% had the maxillary frenulum attached to the edge of the alveolar ridge; 28.6%, attached to the fixed gingiva; and 0.6%, attached to mobile gingiva. In addition, 3.7% had anterior ankyloglossia, and 96.3% had no obvious anterior ankyloglossia. There was no significant correlation between maxillary frenulum scores or lingual frenulum scores and LATCH scores ( P > .05). Of the mothers included in the study, 56.5% were first-time mothers. Overall, 43.5% of the mothers had other biological children, with 70.0% of those mothers having previously breastfed. Experienced mothers who had breastfed for >3 months had significantly higher LATCH scores. Those who had previously breastfed had a mean LATCH score of 9.16 (95% CI, 8.80-9.52), as compared with those who had not, with a mean of 8.14 (95% CI, 7.43-8.85). Conclusion We did not find that maxillary frenulum configuration correlated with LATCH scores. Mothers experienced with breastfeeding had better LATCH scores. Attention toward breastfeeding education, particularly in new mothers, should precede maxillary frenotomy in neonates with breastfeeding difficulties.

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Evaluation of Maternal Confidence in Neonatal Care Among Primiparous Pregnant Women in Sari, Iran

Tabari Biomedical Student Research Journal ◽

10.18502/tbsrj.v2i1.2579 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mahshid Ahmadi ◽

Hamed J Jafarpour ◽

Jaber Mousavi ◽

Alireza Razavi

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Confidence Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Neonatal Care ◽

Life Stages ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Confidence ◽

The Mean ◽

First Time ◽

And Task

Introduction: The first 28 days after birth is one of the most critical neonate life stages and mother is the most important person meeting the basic needs of the baby. Besides the importance of knowledge about neonatal care maternal confidence is also important. The aim of this study was the evaluation of maternal confidence in neonatal care among primiparous pregnant women.Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 445 pregnant women who experienced pregnancy for the first time and referred to maternity care centers for prenatal care were studied. The translated Chinese version of the Maternal Confidence Questionnaire to local language was used. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by three experienced pediatrics professors. Reliability of the questionnaire using the test-retest method examined, 35 pregnant women (selected from a similar setting but out of the study area). Cronbach's alpha with r = 0.81 was acceptable.Results: In this study, information about 445 women were evaluated. The mean age of the subjects was 28.39 years (SD = 4.66, range = 19 - 39). The mean (SD) of the total maternal confidence score was 58.87(3.75), Which included knowledge (21.09 ± 2.1), tasks (22.09 ± 1.8) and feelings (15.67 ± 1.17).Conclusion: Higher maternal confidence was related to knowledge and task subgroups and the feeling subgroup had the lowest score.

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ORAL HEALTH;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.12.605 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (12) ◽

pp. 1894-1898

Author(s):

Shahid Ali Mirani ◽

Syed Yousif Ali Shah ◽

Muhammad Ameen Sahito

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Female Students ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Male And Female ◽

The Mean ◽

And Gender ◽

Study Setting

Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the dental students’perception about condition of their gums and teeth and prevalence of dental caries. StudyDesign: Descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: Liaquat University of Medical and HealthSciences. Period: July 2011 to December 2011. Material and Method: The sample size was200 students comprising of both male and female. Clinical Oral examination was performedwith the help of mouth mirror and explorer in dental chair. The perception of dental studentsabout condition of their gums and teeth was obtained through questionnaire. Results: Theresults revealed that 25 % of students in present study had dental decay. The mean DMFT scorewas 0.625. Moreover, the mean DMFT score for male and female students was 0.658 and 0.576respectively. The results about distribution of DMFT components indicated that the decayed(D) teeth were in greatest number followed by filled (F) and missed (M) teeth. Conclusion:There was statistically no significant association between dental caries and gender. Moreover,prevalence of dental caries was significantly different between those who perceived their gumsand teeth condition excellent and good compared to the students who perceived their gumsand teeth condition as poor.

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The Prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes in Children of Mazandaran Province

Iranian Journal Of Health Sciences ◽

10.18502/jhs.v6i2.45 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Zamanfar ◽

Pooneh Yazdani ◽

Mohsen Aarabi ◽

Hedieh Pournorooz

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Delivery Method ◽

Mazandaran Province ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Onset Of Diabetes ◽

The Mean ◽

First Time

Introduction: The prevalence of type 1 diabetes in all countries throughout the world is different. In this study, an introduction is, therefore, provided for the development of type 1 diabetes in children in Mazandaran province by using all available resources.Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the prevalence of patients with initial diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus, aging from 6 months to 18 years, was located through contacting and referring to all organizations of insurers and doctors or experts in children endocrinologist and adolescent diseases in Mazandaran province.Results: 289 patients with type 1 diabetes were identified, 138 of whom were male (47.8%), and 151 were women (52.2%) with an overall prevalence of 0.04%, and the rate of this prevalence was 48 cases among 100000 people (50 cases among 100000 girls and 36 cases among 100000 boys). The mean age of the patients was 11.5 years old. In the study of delivery method, 180 patients (62.3%) were diagnosed with cesarean section, and 109 (37.7%) were born through natural delivery method. The mean age of onset of diabetes was 7 years. The minimum and maximum ages were 7 months and 18 years, respectively. 97 (33.6%) of the patients were also hospitalized for the first time due to ketoacidosis, and were diagnosed with diabetes.Conclusion: Type 1 diabetes in Mazandaran province was more prevalent than the similar study in southern Iran and neighboring countries. It is essential to pay greater attention to this disease through studying it in the other parts of the country.

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Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Association of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among University Students

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i2.29.13998 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2.29) ◽

pp. 688 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sanil S Hishan ◽

Heethal Jaiprakash ◽

Suresh Ramakrishnan ◽

Jaiprakash Mohanraj ◽

Jayanthi Shanker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Professional Lives ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Demographic Questionnaire ◽

Positive Reframing ◽

The Mean ◽

And Gender

Prevalence of Stress, anxiety and depression has been identified to be high among university students which may affect their social and professional lives. The study aims at assessing the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression among university students and analyzes their association with gender, ethnicity and area of upbringing. The study also intends to identify their coping strategies. This was a cross sectional study utilizing validated questionnaires. It was conducted among a total of 143 university students in Johar bahru. The questionnaires used were the socio-demographic questionnaire, DAAS-21 questionnaire and Brief coping strategy Questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics was used. The mean age of the students under the study was 25.02±8.6 years. Depression was seen in 62.2% of the students and anxiety and stress were seen in 78.3% and 55.9 % students respectively. Depression, anxiety and stress were found more in females than males. Anxiety was more in Malays and depression and stress was more among other ethnic groups. Anxiety and depression were seen more in students with a rural upbringing and stress in students with a urban upbringing. There was no significant association between depression, anxiety, stress and gender, ethnicity and area of upbringing. The mean score for the common coping strategies employed which was acceptance, positive reframing and self distraction were 2.8±0.9, 2.8±1.0, 2.8±1.0 respectively. Prevalence of anxiety was more compared to stress or depression. Students used active coping Strategies to cope with stress.

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Sonographic Measurement and Sex Variability of Portal Vein Using US scan in a sample of Sudanese Adults

10.21203/rs.3.rs-944749/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Elbagir Mustafa ◽

Mohamed Abdulkarim ◽

Khalid A. Awad ◽

Alaa Osman Mohamed Koko

Keyword(s):

Portal Vein ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Radiology Department ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Normal Diameter ◽

Vein Diameter ◽

The Mean ◽

Computed Topography ◽

And Gender

Abstract Background: Measurements of the normal portal venous dimension in a specified population is so crucial. portal vein can be measured by several methods for assessing different parameters, Computed topography (CT) and sonographic imaging are common examples. The diagnosis of portal hypertension depends on the transverse portal vein diameter (normal diameter from 6-15 mm). The aim of this study is to establish baseline value for the portal vein diameter and assess the correlation with age, gender, weight, height and BMI in Sudanese populations.Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that included a sample of Sudanese adults who were requested to have routine abdominal sonographic scanning due to reasons not related to liver or portal vein problems. The study was carried out at the Radiology Department of Qatar Alnada Hospital, Umbadda, Khartoum, Sudan 2020.Results: In this study, 376 participants were included of which more than half were females (56.1%, n=211), while 165(43.9%) were males. The mean age of the participants was 38.12 + 15.57 years. The mean portal vein diameter was 10.79 + 1.27 millimeters. From this study the portal vein diameter varied with age (p value = 0.000), weight (p value = 0.002), height (p value = 0.000) and gender (p value = 0.000). It is not related to BMI (p value = 0.3).Conclusion: This study has revealed that the portal vein diameter has positive correlation with age, gender, height, and weight of the person and has no correlation with the BMI.

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Associations between midlife chronic conditions and medication use with anxiety and depression: A cross-sectional analysis of the PREVENT Dementia study

Journal of Comorbidity ◽

10.1177/2235042x20920443 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 2235042X2092044

Author(s):

Lucy E Stirland ◽

Sarah Gregory ◽

Tom C Russ ◽

Craig W Ritchie ◽

Graciela Muniz-Terrera

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Medication Use ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physical Conditions ◽

Antidepressant Use ◽

The Mean ◽

And Gender

Background: Multimorbidity including physical and mental illness is increasing in prevalence. We aimed to investigate the associations between physical conditions and medication use with anxiety and depression in midlife. Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study of volunteers in the PREVENT Dementia study. Using logistic and linear regression, we investigated the association between increasing numbers of self-reported chronic physical conditions and medications with self-reported depression and anxiety disorder, and scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) state subtest. Results: Of the 210 participants, 148 (71%) were women and 188 (90%) Caucasian. The mean age was 52 (standard deviation (SD) = 5.5) years. The mean number of physical conditions was 2.2 (SD = 1.9) and medications 1.7 (SD = 2.2). Each additional physical condition was associated with increased odds of self-reported depression (odds ratio (OR) 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.80; p = 0.004, adjusted for age and gender) and anxiety disorder (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.30–2.37; p < 0.001). Increasing medication use was associated with self-reported depression (adjusted OR per additional medication 1.35, 95% CI 1.08–1.71; p = 0.008) but not anxiety disorder. For each additional condition, CES-D scores increased by 0.72 (95% CI 0.11–1.33; p = 0.020) and for each extra medication, by 0.88 (95% CI 0.32–1.44; p = 0.002). There was no significant association between increasing conditions and medications with STAI scores. In models accounting for antidepressant use, all associations were attenuated. Conclusions: Having more physical conditions is associated with anxiety and depression in midlife, and taking more medications is associated with depression but not anxiety.

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