scholarly journals Association between Industry Payments and Scholarly Impact among Academic Ophthalmologists

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. e1-e8
Author(s):  
Michael Solotke ◽  
Susan Forster ◽  
Jessica Chow ◽  
Jenesis Duran ◽  
Hasna Karim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Academic Rank ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
H Index ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Scholarly Impact ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Open Payments

Purpose The aim of this article is to examine the association between industry payments to ophthalmologists and scholarly impact. Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods All ophthalmology faculty at United States accredited ophthalmology residency programs were included in this study. The main exposure was industry payments to ophthalmologists in 2016, as reported in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payments Database. The primary outcome was Hirsch index (H-index), a measure of scholarly impact. Results Among 1,653 academic ophthalmologists in our study, 1,225 (74%) received industry payments in 2016. We did not observe a difference between the mean H-index of ophthalmologists receiving any industry payments versus those not receiving any payments (p = 0.68). In analysis including only ophthalmologists who received industry payments, H-index differed significantly by payment amount: 12.6 for ophthalmologists receiving less than $100, 12.2 for those receiving $100 to 1,000, 18.8 for those receiving $1,000 to 10,000, 21.3 for those receiving $10,000 to 100,000, and 29.4 for those receiving greater than $100,000 (p < 0.001). Within each academic rank and gender, industry payments greater than $1,000 were associated with a higher H-index (p < 0.05). Conclusions Although our analysis cannot prove causality, we observed a significant association between industry payments and scholarly impact among academic ophthalmologists, even after adjusting for gender, academic rank, and subspecialty. Prospective studies should further evaluate this relationship.

scholarly journals Analysis of Surgical Recurrence after Larynx Microsurgery for Benign Lesions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Theresa Costa Ramos de Oliveira Patrial ◽  
Rogério Hamerschmidt ◽  
Jorge Eduardo Fouto Matias ◽  
Evaldo Dacheux de Macedo Filho ◽  
Bettina Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Surgical Recurrence ◽  
Retrospective Data Collection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Benign Laryngeal Lesions ◽  
Reinke Edema

Abstract Introduction The study of larynx lesions is of great importance. More than 50% of people with vocal complaints have benign vocal fold alterations and some require surgery. Objective To determine which factors are related to surgical recurrence of benign laryngeal lesions and to determine which videolaryngoscopic diagnoses are related to the risk or protection of surgical relapses over time. Methods Observational, analytical, cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection of 1,383 surgeries in 1,301 patients. Results The mean age at the first surgery was 39.2 years old. The predominant gender was female (65.6%).There were 396 cases of polyps (25.34%), 349 cases of cysts (22.33%), 261 cases of Reinke edema (16.7%), 175 cases of nodules (11.2%), 153 cases of minor structural alterations (MSAs) (9.79%), 94 cases of leukoplakia (6.01%), 77 cases of granulomas (4.93%) and 58 cases of pseudocysts (3.71%). The age presented statistical significance with the risk of surgical relapses (p = 0.016). Male gender was associated with the greatest chance of relapse.Diagnosis of granuloma (p < 0.001) and of leukoplakia (p < 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of surgical recurrence. Cyst diagnosis was associated with protection (p = 0.015) in relation to the chance of further surgeries. Patients with associated lesions, bilaterals or voice professionals did not present a statistically significant association with surgical recurrence. Conclusion Age and gender are statistically related to the increase of surgical relapses. Leukoplakia and granuloma are associated with increased surgical relapses. Patients submitted to cyst microsurgery appear to be protected against surgical recurrence.

Prevalence of Colorectal Carcinoma With Respect to Age and Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3198-3199
Author(s):  
Pervez Muhammad ◽  
Sajjad Muhammad ◽  
Muhammad Tariq ◽  
Amir Khan ◽  
Akhtar Munir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Carcinoma ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Gender Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Aim: Prevalence of colorectal carcinoma with respect to age and gender Study design: Observational / cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at the Department of Pathology and Surgery, Post Graduate Medical Institute Lahore and Jinnah Medical College Peshawar from July, 2013 to February, 2015 Methodology: Surgical specimens of 60 histopathologically diagnosed cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma were included in this study. Age and sex were evaluated in CRC. Results: The mean±sd of age was 54.4±19.7 yrs. Out of 60 cases, 6 (10%) were between 16-29 yrs, 9 (15%) cases were between 30-49 yrs, 34 cases (56.7%) were of 50-69 yrs and 11 cases (18.33%) were of 70 yrs. Out of sixty cases, males were 33 (55%) and females were 27(45%). Conclusion: There are 34 out of 60(56.7%) patients were 50-69 years and 33 out of 60 (55%) cases were males i.e. males dominance. Keywords: Colorectal adenocarcinoma, immunohistochemistry, gender

scholarly journals ORAL HEALTH;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1894-1898
Author(s):  
Shahid Ali Mirani ◽  
Syed Yousif Ali Shah ◽  
Muhammad Ameen Sahito
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the dental students’perception about condition of their gums and teeth and prevalence of dental caries. StudyDesign: Descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: Liaquat University of Medical and HealthSciences. Period: July 2011 to December 2011. Material and Method: The sample size was200 students comprising of both male and female. Clinical Oral examination was performedwith the help of mouth mirror and explorer in dental chair. The perception of dental studentsabout condition of their gums and teeth was obtained through questionnaire. Results: Theresults revealed that 25 % of students in present study had dental decay. The mean DMFT scorewas 0.625. Moreover, the mean DMFT score for male and female students was 0.658 and 0.576respectively. The results about distribution of DMFT components indicated that the decayed(D) teeth were in greatest number followed by filled (F) and missed (M) teeth. Conclusion:There was statistically no significant association between dental caries and gender. Moreover,prevalence of dental caries was significantly different between those who perceived their gumsand teeth condition excellent and good compared to the students who perceived their gumsand teeth condition as poor.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study on Subjective Fever Assessment in Children by Palpation: Are Fathers as Reliable as Mothers?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ehud Rosenbloom ◽  
Crysta Balis ◽  
Dustin Jacobson ◽  
Melanie Conway ◽  
Ji Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background. Fever is common in pediatric patients. Often, parents rely solely on palpation when assessing their child’s fever. The objective of the current study was to determine the accuracy of parents in detecting their child’s fever by palpation. Methods. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary pediatric hospital. Infants and children, 0–4 years of age, presenting to the ED with both parents were included. Parents were separately asked if their child had a fever and, if so, were asked to assess the temperature by palpation. A nurse obtained the rectal temperature. The primary outcome measure was the accuracy of fathers and mothers in detecting fever. Results. A total of 170 children with their parents were enrolled. The mean ages of the children, mothers, and fathers were 18.9 (SD 0.8) months, 31.1 (SD 6.4) years, and 33.7 (SD 6.9) years, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between mothers and fathers in the ability to assess fever by palpation (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.39,−1.08). Sensitivities for detecting fever by palpation for mothers and father were 86.4% and 88.2%, respectively (specificity among mothers: 54.2% and specificity among fathers: 43.1%). The overall negative and positive predictive values were 65.9% (95% CI 55%–75.7%) and 75.7% (95% CI 69.9%–80.8%), respectively. Conclusions. Mothers and fathers do not differ in their ability to accurately assess their child’s fever by palpation. The low positive and negative predictive values indicate that if temperature was not measured, physicians cannot rely on parents’ reports.

Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Association of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among University Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.29) ◽  
pp. 688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanil S Hishan ◽  
Heethal Jaiprakash ◽  
Suresh Ramakrishnan ◽  
Jaiprakash Mohanraj ◽  
Jayanthi Shanker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Positive Reframing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Prevalence of Stress, anxiety and depression has been identified to be high among university students which may affect their social and professional lives. The study aims at assessing the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression among university students and analyzes their association with gender, ethnicity and area of upbringing. The study also intends to identify their coping strategies. This was a cross sectional study utilizing validated questionnaires. It was conducted among a total of 143 university students in Johar bahru. The questionnaires used were the socio-demographic questionnaire, DAAS-21 questionnaire and Brief coping strategy Questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics was used. The mean age of the students under the study was 25.02±8.6 years. Depression was seen in 62.2% of the students and anxiety and stress were seen in 78.3% and 55.9 % students respectively. Depression, anxiety and stress were found more in females than males. Anxiety was more in Malays and depression and stress was more among other ethnic groups. Anxiety and depression were seen more in students with a rural upbringing and stress in students with a urban upbringing. There was no significant association between depression, anxiety, stress and gender, ethnicity and area of upbringing. The mean score for the common coping strategies employed which was acceptance, positive reframing and self distraction were 2.8±0.9, 2.8±1.0, 2.8±1.0 respectively. Prevalence of anxiety was more compared to stress or depression. Students used active coping Strategies to cope with stress.  

Sonographic Measurement and Sex Variability of Portal Vein Using US scan in a sample of Sudanese Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Elbagir Mustafa ◽  
Mohamed Abdulkarim ◽  
Khalid A. Awad ◽  
Alaa Osman Mohamed Koko
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Diameter ◽  
Vein Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Computed Topography ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background: Measurements of the normal portal venous dimension in a specified population is so crucial. portal vein can be measured by several methods for assessing different parameters, Computed topography (CT) and sonographic imaging are common examples. The diagnosis of portal hypertension depends on the transverse portal vein diameter (normal diameter from 6-15 mm). The aim of this study is to establish baseline value for the portal vein diameter and assess the correlation with age, gender, weight, height and BMI in Sudanese populations.Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that included a sample of Sudanese adults who were requested to have routine abdominal sonographic scanning due to reasons not related to liver or portal vein problems. The study was carried out at the Radiology Department of Qatar Alnada Hospital, Umbadda, Khartoum, Sudan 2020.Results: In this study, 376 participants were included of which more than half were females (56.1%, n=211), while 165(43.9%) were males. The mean age of the participants was 38.12 + 15.57 years. The mean portal vein diameter was 10.79 + 1.27 millimeters. From this study the portal vein diameter varied with age (p value = 0.000), weight (p value = 0.002), height (p value = 0.000) and gender (p value = 0.000). It is not related to BMI (p value = 0.3).Conclusion: This study has revealed that the portal vein diameter has positive correlation with age, gender, height, and weight of the person and has no correlation with the BMI.

scholarly journals Associations between midlife chronic conditions and medication use with anxiety and depression: A cross-sectional analysis of the PREVENT Dementia study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 2235042X2092044
Author(s):  
Lucy E Stirland ◽  
Sarah Gregory ◽  
Tom C Russ ◽  
Craig W Ritchie ◽  
Graciela Muniz-Terrera
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Antidepressant Use ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Background: Multimorbidity including physical and mental illness is increasing in prevalence. We aimed to investigate the associations between physical conditions and medication use with anxiety and depression in midlife. Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study of volunteers in the PREVENT Dementia study. Using logistic and linear regression, we investigated the association between increasing numbers of self-reported chronic physical conditions and medications with self-reported depression and anxiety disorder, and scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) state subtest. Results: Of the 210 participants, 148 (71%) were women and 188 (90%) Caucasian. The mean age was 52 (standard deviation (SD) = 5.5) years. The mean number of physical conditions was 2.2 (SD = 1.9) and medications 1.7 (SD = 2.2). Each additional physical condition was associated with increased odds of self-reported depression (odds ratio (OR) 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.80; p = 0.004, adjusted for age and gender) and anxiety disorder (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.30–2.37; p < 0.001). Increasing medication use was associated with self-reported depression (adjusted OR per additional medication 1.35, 95% CI 1.08–1.71; p = 0.008) but not anxiety disorder. For each additional condition, CES-D scores increased by 0.72 (95% CI 0.11–1.33; p = 0.020) and for each extra medication, by 0.88 (95% CI 0.32–1.44; p = 0.002). There was no significant association between increasing conditions and medications with STAI scores. In models accounting for antidepressant use, all associations were attenuated. Conclusions: Having more physical conditions is associated with anxiety and depression in midlife, and taking more medications is associated with depression but not anxiety.

Frequency of Thrombocytopenia in Neonatal Sepsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3381-3383
Author(s):  
Naheem Ahmed ◽  
Khawaja Tahir Aziz ◽  
Rashada Bibi ◽  
Munazza Nazir ◽  
Sadaf Nawaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Hypertension ◽  
Neonatal Thrombocytopenia ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Objective: To determine the frequency of neonatal thrombocytopenia among patients presented with sepsis at tertiary care Hospital. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of pediatrics SKBZ/CMH Muzaffarabad, during six months from September 2018 to March 2019. All the diagnosed septic neonates, age < 28 days and either gender were included. Their basic demographic data like age and gender, along with their contact details were taken. The sample of blood was sent in blood culture bottles to hospital laboratory to confirm bacterial growth, that was diagnosed as sepsis. Blood sample was sent to the hospital also to diagnose thrombocytopenia. Reports were consulted by the pathologist. All the data were collected by a structured study proforma. All data were entered and analyzed with the help of SPSS version 22. Results: The mean age of patients was 8.92 ± 5.40 days with minimum and maximum age as 1 and 27 days. There were 117(47.56%) males and 129(52.44%) female cases. A total of 40(16.26%) cases had their maternal hypertension, 54(21.95%) neonates had gram + and 157(63.82%) neonates had Gram negative. A total of 63(25.61%) cases had thrombocytopenia while 183(74.39%) neonates were seen without thrombocytopenia. The frequency of thrombocytopenia was statistically insignificant according to gender and types of culture (p->0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that frequency of thrombocytopenia in neonatal sepsis was found in a quarter of the cases. In neonatal sepsis, thrombocytopenia must be ruled out at patient’s presentation and must be treated as early as possible as thrombocytopenia is an independent risk factor for sepsis-associated mortality. Keywords: Incidence, thrombocytopenia, neonatal sepsis

ASSESSMENT OF DENTAL CARIES IN INDIVIDUALS WITH INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER IN KOZHIKODE DISTRICT– A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Nimmy S Mukundan ◽  
Prasanth Balan ◽  
Jayasree S
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Background: Individuals with intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) suffers from poor oral health due to impaired physical coordination and cognitive skills. However, their dental caries status is mostly underreported particularly in low-income countries. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the dental caries status of individuals with IDD as compared to age and gender matched healthy individuals in India. Methodology: In this comparative cross-sectional study, dental caries status of 266 individuals with IDDs aged 13-35 years and 266 age and gender-matched healthy individuals were assessed using the DMFT index. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed ranks test, Kruskal Wallis Test and Mann Whitney test. Results: Of the 266 individuals with IDD, IDD associated with autism (n=40, 15%) was the most common type of disability. 10.9% of the case and 30.5% of controls were caries-free. The mean number of decayed tooth and the DMFT score (DT= 4.16±4.17 vs 0.65±0.90; DMFT= 4.56±4.55 vs 1.41±1.42); P Value=0.00) were signicantly higher among disabled compared to their healthy controls. Whereas the mean number of the lled tooth (0.18±0.81 vs 0.68±1.1; Pvalue=0.00) was signicantly lower. DT and DMFT increased signicantly with the severity of disability (P value<0.05). Conclusion:Individuals with IDD had a highercaries experience and considerably lower lled tooth ratecompared to healthy individuals. Uplifting the priority given to oral health by oral health education programs and implementing strategies to improve access to dental services will help to address many of the challenges faced by these lessfortunate individuals.

scholarly journals Determinants of Stress and Effects on Performance in Part of Lebanese University Medical Residents During Fourth Quarter of 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-148
Author(s):  
Zaynab Toufic Zaylaa ◽  
Aicha Toufic Zaylaa ◽  
Rouwayda Dana ◽  
Bassem Abou Merhi ◽  
Ahmad Mohamad Adawiye
Keyword(s):  
Medical Errors ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Residents ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Background and Objective: Medical residents face challenges that expose them to high risk of developing stress. Stress could reach burnout levels and become harmful to residents and patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of stress in current Lebanese University (LU) residents and assessing correlations with some risk factors and consequences. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 130 current LU residents who filled out a questionnaire concerning their demographic data, residency specialty and year, workload, special habits, depression, stress, and frequency of medical errors. Depression and stress scores were obtained using DASS-21 scale. Collected data was analyzed using ANOVA and chi- Square tests in SPSS to find descriptive statistics and correlations. Results: Out of the enrolled residents, 70% had stress ranging between mild and extreme severity. The mean age of the residents was 27.2 years. Females had higher stress than males and gender accounted for 14.1% of variance in stress among residents. Our results implied that internal medicine specialty imposes higher stress than surgery specialty with a significant difference of 4.04 points and working more than 50 hours per week which accounts for 7.6% of variance in stress. Residents had, on average, 4.38 hours of sleep per night and a negative association was found between sleep and stress. Depression was prevalent; 18.5% had severe depression, 3.1% had extremely severe depression, and stress was significantly correlated with it. Similarly, stress was associated with medical errors. No significant correlation was detected between age, marital status, parenting, and residency year, on call duties, or special habits and stress. Conclusion: Stress among medical residents is high due to the different challenges at the personal and occupational level. Stress should be managed especially that it could lead to harmful consequences on the resident’s health and patient’s safety.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document