scholarly journals O7D.3 Working conditions and health behaviour as causes of educational inequalities in self-rated health: an inverse odds weighting approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A67.1-A67
Author(s):  
Jolinda Schram ◽  
Joost Oude Groeniger ◽  
Merel Schuring ◽  
Karin Proper ◽  
Sandra van Oostrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Educational Inequalities ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Education

BackgroundThis study aims to estimate to what extent working conditions and health behaviours mediate the increased risk of low educated workers to report a poor health.MethodsRespondents of the longitudinal Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) in 18 European countries were selected aged between 50 years and 64 years, in paid employment at baseline and with information on education and self-rated health (n=15,126). Health behaviours and physical and psychosocial work characteristics were measured at baseline, while self-rated health was measured at 2 year follow up. We used loglinear regression models and Inverse Odds Weighting causal mediation analysis to estimate the total effect of low education on self-rated health and to decompose the effect into natural direct (NDE) and natural indirect effects (NIE).ResultsLower educated workers were more likely to be in poor health compared to higher educated workers. The total effect of low education on self-rated health was RR=1.81 [95% CI 1.66–1.97]. For work conditions, having a physical demanding job was the strongest mediator, followed by lack of job control and lack of job rewards. NIE through working conditions was RR=1.16 [95% CI 1.06–1.25], explaining about 30% of educational inequalities in self-rated health. For health behaviour, body mass index and alcohol were the strongest mediators, followed by smoking. NIE though health behaviour was RR=1.14 [95% CI 1.07–1.20], explaining about 27% of educational inequalities in self-rated health.ConclusionsPreventive interventions focusing on reducing physical work demands as well as improving health behaviour may contribute to reducing educational inequalities in self-rated health among workers in Europe.

scholarly journals First trimester employment, working conditions and preterm birth: a prospective population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-107072
Author(s):  
Tanja Vrijkotte ◽  
Teus Brand ◽  
Gouke Bonsel
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Work Load ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Prolonged Standing ◽  
Physical Work Load ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Induced Hypertension

ObjectivesTo explore the association between working conditions during first trimester and total preterm birth (PTB), and subtypes: spontaneous PTB and iatrogenic PTB, additionally to explore the role of hypertension.MethodsPregnant women from the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study, filled out a questionnaire between January 2003 and March 2004, two weeks after first prenatal screening (singleton liveborn, n=7561). Working conditions were working hours/week, standing/walking hours/week, physical work load and job strain.ResultsProlonged standing/walking during first trimester was associated with an increased risk for total PTB (OR=1.5; 95% CI 1.0–2.3, after adjustments). Other working conditions were not related to total PTB. The separation into spontaneous and iatrogenic PTB revealed that standing/walking was associated with iatrogenic PTB only (OR=2.09; 95% CI 1.00–4.97). The highest risk was found for the combination of a long workweek with high physical work load (OR=3.42; 95% CI 1.04–8.21). Hypertension did not mediate these associations; however, stratified analysis revealed that high physical work load was only related to iatrogenic PTB when pregnancy-induced hypertension was present (OR=6.44; 95% CI 1.21–29.76).ConclusionThis study provides evidence that high physically demanding work is associated with an increased risk for iatrogenic PTB and not with spontaneous PTB. Pregnancy-induced hypertension may play a role: when present, high physical work load leads to a more severe outcome.

scholarly journals Composite health behaviour classifier as the basis for targeted interventions and global comparisons in men’s health

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Kendrick Flannigan ◽  
John L. Oliffe ◽  
Donald R. McCreary ◽  
Nahid Punjani ◽  
Khushabu Kasabwala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Lifestyle Related Diseases ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

Introduction: Lifestyle-related diseases are the leading cause of death among North American men. We evaluated health behaviours and their predictors that contribute to morbidity and mortality among Canadian men as a means to making recommendations for targeted interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of Canadian men drawn from 5362 visitors to our online survey page was conducted. The current study sample of 2000 men (inclusion: male and >18 years; exclusion: incomplete surveys) were stratified to the 2016 Canadian census. The primary outcome was the number of unhealthy men classified using our Canadian Composite Classification of Health Behaviour (CCCHB) score. Secondary outcomes included the number of men with unhealthy exercise, diet, smoking, sleep, and alcohol intake, as well as socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with unhealthy behaviours to be used for targeting future interventions. Results: Only 118/2000 (5.9%) men demonstrated 5/5 healthy behaviours, and 829 (41.5%) had 3/5 unhealthy behaviours; 391 (19.6%) men currently smoked, 773 (38.7%) demonstrated alcohol overuse, 1077 (53.9%) did not get optimal sleep (<7 or >9 hours per night), 977 (48.9%) failed to exercise >150 minutes/week, and 1235 (61.8%) had an unhealthy diet. Multivariate analysis indicated that men with high school education were at increased risk of unhealthy behaviours (odds ratio [OR] 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15–2.18; p=0.005), as were men living with relatives (OR 2.10; 95% CI1.04–4.26; p=0.039), or with their partner and children (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.02–1.76; p=0.034). Conclusions: An overwhelming 41.5% of Canadian men had 3/5 unhealthy behaviours, affirming the need for targeted lifestyle interventions. Significant health inequities within vulnerable subgroups of Canadian men were identified and may guide the content and delivery of future interventions.

Abstract MP033: Socioeconomic Disparities in the Risk of Developing Heart Failure: Prospective Findings from the Moli-Sani Study

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marialaura Bonaccio ◽  
Augusto Di Castelnuovo ◽  
Simona Costanzo ◽  
Mariarosaria Persichillo ◽  
Livia Rago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Education ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality is well-established, while the impact of SES on heart failure (HF) incidence is less explored. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis of a SES gradient in the risk of HF. Methods: Population-based cohort study on 22,395 individuals (mean age 55.3±11.7, 47.7% men) free from HF at baseline randomly recruited from the general population included in the Moli-sani study (Italy). The cohort was followed up for a median of 7.6 years (168,031 person-years). Annual household income (Euros) and educational level were used as SES indicators. Presence of risk factors at baseline and a panel of health behaviours were tested as possible mediators of the association between SES and incident HF. Incident HF at follow-up was defined by HF hospitalization or HF death, according to the International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision (ICD-9). Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated by Cox-proportional hazard models. Results: We identified 757 first HF events. Both lowest education (middle and secondary schools) and household income (<60,000 Euros/y) were separately associated with increased risk of HF as compared with the highest category (Table). After simultaneous adjustment, the association of income appeared to be largely explained by education. The inclusion of traditional risk factors, biomarkers of heart failure and health-behaviors into the model attenuated the association of low education with HF incidence by 12%, 3.8% and 11.5%, respectively. Overall, the full explanatory model accounted for 23.8% of the educational gradient in the risk of HF (Table). Conclusions: Educational level, rather than income, is an independent predictor of HF development. Excess risk associated with low education was partially explained by traditional health risk factors, biomarkers of subclinical damage and health-behaviors.

Abstract MP80: Psychosocial Factors and Risk of Incident Heart Failure: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel P Ogilvie ◽  
Susan Everson-Rose ◽  
Carlos Rodriguez ◽  
W.T. Longstreth ◽  
Michelle Albert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Heart Failure

Background: Heart failure is a major source of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Psychosocial factors have frequently been studied as risk factors for coronary heart disease, but not for heart failure. Methods: We examined the relationship between psychological status and incident heart failure among 6,782 individuals from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline. Anger, anxiety, chronic burden, depression, and hostility were measured using validated scales and were modeled categorically. Physician reviewers adjudicated incident heart failure events. Cox proportional hazards models were used to generate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and adjusted for relevant demographic, behavioral, and physiological covariates. In exploratory analyses, we evaluated interactions between self-rated health and each psychosocial factor, and then stratified by baseline self-rated health (fair/poor and good/very good/excellent). Results: During a mean follow up of 9.3 years, 242 participants developed incident heart failure. Compared to participants in the lowest level, hazard ratios for those categorized in the highest level of anger [HR=1.14 (95%CI: 0.81-1.60)], anxiety [HR=0.74 (95%CI: 0.51-1.07), chronic burden [HR=1.25 (95%CI: 0.90-1.72), depression [HR=1.19 (95%CI: 0.76-1.85), and hostility [HR=0.95 (95%CI: 0.62-1.42) revealed no association with incident heart failure. In the exploratory analysis, interactions between the psychosocial factors and self-rated health were only statistically significant for hostility, but stratified models differed according to baseline health status. Compared to the lowest level, hazard ratios for those categorized in the highest level of anxiety [HR=2.11 (95%CI: 1.00-4.47)], chronic burden [HR=2.25 (95%CI: 1.08-4.67)], and depression [HR=2.15 (95%CI: 0.98-4.68)] revealed a positive association with incident heart failure among participants self-rated poor health at baseline, but there was no association for those with good self-rated health at baseline. For hostility, HRs for the highest versus lowest categorization were larger among those with good self-rated health and for anger, associations were similar regardless of self-rated health status. Conclusions: Overall these five psychosocial factors were not significantly associated with incident heart failure. However, for participants reporting poor health at baseline, anxiety, chronic burden, and depression were associated with an increased risk of heart failure. Future research with greater statistical power is necessary to confirm these findings and seek explanations.

scholarly journals Self-rated health trajectory and frailty among community-dwelling older adults: evidence from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (TLSA)

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e049795
Author(s):  
Wei-Min Chu ◽  
Hsin-En Ho ◽  
Chih-Jung Yeh ◽  
Yu-Han Hsiao ◽  
Pi-Shan Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectivesSelf-rated health (SRH) is an assessment and predictor of health based on an individual’s general condition; however, evidence of the value of SRH for predicting frailty remains scarce for older Asian adults. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between SRH score trajectory and frailty among older individuals in Taiwan.DesignAn 8-year retrospective cohort study.SettingData were retrieved from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging from 1999 to 2007.ParticipantsRespondents aged 53–69 years old who were not frail or disabled in 1999 (n=1956).Primary and secondary outcome measuresFrailty was defined using the Fried criteria. The group-based trajectory modelling technique was used to estimate SRH trajectories. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between changes in SRH and frailty.ResultsFour SRH trajectory classes were identified across the 8-year follow-up: 232 participants (11.9%) were classified into the constantly poor SRH group, 1123 (57.4%) into the constantly fair SRH group, 335 (17.1%) into the constantly good SRH group and 266 (13.6%) into the good-to-fair SRH group. After adjusting for gender, age, level of education, income, social participation, health behaviours and major comorbidities, it was found that age, poor income satisfaction, without job and constantly poor SRH were associated with increased risk of frailty, while constantly good SRH (OR 0.04, 95% CI (0.01 to 0.32)) and good-to-fair SRH (OR 0.19, 95% CI (0.06 to 0.63)) were associated with reduced risks of frailty.ConclusionsConstantly poor SRH was associated with an increased risk of frailty in older age. SRH in older adults should be recognised as a predictive tool for future frailty. Diet and exercise interventions may help to prevent frailty among high-risk older individuals with constantly low SRH.

scholarly journals Applying behavioural science to improve physicians’ ability to help people improve their own health behaviours

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Lavoie
Keyword(s):  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Behavioural Science ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Physician Health ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Issue/problem Poor health behaviours are at the centre of most non-communicable chronic diseases and account for a significant amount of morbidity and mortality. Healthcare professionals, and especially physicians, are in a unique position to be able to positively influence their patients and aid them in changing poor health behaviours. However, most physicians report having low confidence or a lack of skills to effectively achieve this. Description of the problem The main approach that physicians take to influence their patients’ poor health behaviours is to provide them with advice and evidence about the impact of the poor health behaviours. This strategy has been shown to have limited impact on changing patient behaviour. As such, there is a need to develop effective interventions that target changing physician health behaviour counselling behaviours, effectively, a behaviour change intervention for physicians so that they are better at helping patients change their behaviour. Results Using a structured stakeholder-oriented approach (the ORBIT model for developing behavioural interventions) we have systematically developed a robust behaviour change-based continuing medical education curriculum (leveraging motivational communication), and online assessment tool to improve physician competency. These were developed by a pan-Canadian team with notable international input through the IBTN. Lessons The use of a structured stakeholder-driven process, we have developed an intervention which seems to have greater relevancy to the target audience, lead to greater engagement, and a higher probability of implementation than a researcher led approach. Whilst the studies are still ongoing, it is anticipated that this intervention will be able to dramatically improve the health of individuals through effective health behaviour change interventions by healthcare professionals.

scholarly journals Association between Working Hours and Self-Rated Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2736
Author(s):  
Jongha Jeon ◽  
Wanhyung Lee ◽  
Won-Jun Choi ◽  
Seunghon Ham ◽  
Seong-Kyu Kang
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Work Schedule ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Professional Workers ◽  
Low Education

This study compared the association between working hours and self-rated health (SRH) according to sex, socioeconomic status, and working conditions. In all, 25,144 participants were selected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), conducted from 2010 to 2018. The risks of poor SRH, according to working hours, were investigated using multiple logistic regression. Both short and long working hours were associated with poor SRH. Men working short hours and women working long hours were at risk of poor SRH. Workers with fewer than nine years of education were at risk of poor SRH when working short hours, whereas workers with more than nine years of education were at risk when working long hours. Similarly, simple laborers were at risk of poor SRH when working short hours, while managers and professional workers were at risk when working long hours. When working for short hours, paid employees were at risk of poor SRH. Workers with a non-fixed work schedule showed no risk of poor SRH when working long or short hours. In conclusion, workers working short hours with low education and workers working long hours with high education were at risk of poor SRH. Working conditions were significantly related to the association between SRH and working hours.

scholarly journals The Health Behaviour of German Outpatient Caregivers in Relation to Their Working Conditions: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5942
Author(s):  
Natascha Mojtahedzadeh ◽  
Elisabeth Rohwer ◽  
Felix Alexander Neumann ◽  
Albert Nienhaus ◽  
Matthias Augustin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
German Population ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Health Promoting

Ongoing demographic change is leading to an increasingly older society and a rising proportion of people in need of care in the German population. Therefore, the professional group of outpatient caregivers is highly relevant. Their work is characterised not only by interacting with patients in a mobile setting but also by working in shifts. Health behaviour under these specific working conditions is crucial for ensuring long-term work ability and performance. Little is known about the health behaviour of German outpatient caregivers and its potential impact on their work. The aims of the study were (1) to examine health behavioural patterns (nutrition, exercise, smoking, regeneration) of outpatient caregivers, (2) to illuminate their personal health-promoting behaviours, and (3) to identify potential work-related factors influencing their health behaviour. Fifteen problem-centred interviews were conducted with outpatient caregivers working in Northern Germany in the period January–April 2020. Interviews were analysed by using qualitative content analysis. Outpatient caregivers reported improvable nutrition and hydration, with simultaneous high coffee consumption, low physical activity, poor regeneration (breaks and sleep quality), and good personal health-promoting behaviour (e.g., back-friendly habits), although the majority were smokers. Barriers to the implementation of health-promoting behaviours were a high perception of stress due to increased workload and time pressure, while aids to better health-promoting behaviour were described as being social support and personal resources. The respondents perceived their working conditions as potentially influencing their health behaviour. On the basis of their descriptions, various practice-relevant strategies were derived. The data explore a potential need for outpatient care services to develop interventions on behavioural and structural levels that can help create healthier working conditions for their employees so these caregivers can adopt better health behaviours.

Working conditions and occupational pathology of coal miners in the Arctic

2019 ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Gorbanev ◽  
S. A. Syurin ◽  
N. M. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Due to the impact of adverse working conditions and climate, workers in coal-mining enterprises in the Arctic are at increased risk of occupational diseases (OD).The aim of the study was to study the working conditions, causes, structure and prevalence of occupational diseases in miners of coal mines in the Arctic.Materials and methods. Th e data of social and hygienic monitoring “Working conditions and occupational morbidity” of the population of Vorkuta and Chukotka Autonomous District in 2007–2017 are studied.Results. It was established that in 2007–2017 years, 2,296 ODs were diagnosed for the first time in 1851 coal mines, mainly in the drifters, clearing face miners, repairmen and machinists of mining excavating machines. Most often, the ODs occurred when exposed to the severity of labor, fibrogenic aerosols and hand-arm vibration. The development of professional pathology in 98% of cases was due to design flaws of machines and mechanisms, as well as imperfections of workplaces and technological processes. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system (36.2%), respiratory organs (28.9%) and nervous system (22.5%) prevailed in the structure of professional pathology of miners of coal mines. Among the three most common nosological forms of OD were radiculopathy (32.1%), chronic bronchitis (27.7%) and mono-polyneuropathy (15.4%). In 2017, coal miners in the Arctic had a professional morbidity rate of 2.82 times higher than the national rates for coal mining.Conclusions. To preserve the health of miners of coal mining enterprises, technical measures to improve working conditions and medical interventions aimed at increasing the body’s resistance to the effects of harmful production and climatic factors are necessary.

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