Cumulative exposure to psychosocial stressors at work and global cognitive function: the PROspective Quebec Study on Work and Health

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2021-107407
Author(s):  
Caroline S. Duchaine ◽  
Chantal Brisson ◽  
Denis Talbot ◽  
Mahée Gilbert-Ouimet ◽  
Xavier Trudel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Psychological Demand ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
Prevalence Ratios ◽  
Cumulative Exposures

ObjectivesPsychosocial stressors at work have been proposed as modifiable risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cumulative exposure to psychosocial stressors at work on cognitive function.MethodsThis study was conducted among 9188 white-collar workers recruited in 1991–1993 (T1), with follow-ups 8 (T2) and 24 years later (T3). After excluding death, losses to follow-up and retirees at T2, 5728 participants were included. Psychosocial stressors at work were measured according to the Karasek’s questionnaire. Global cognitive function was measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Cumulative exposures to low psychological demand, low job control, passive job and high strain job were evaluated using marginal structural models including multiple imputation and inverse probability of censoring weighting.ResultsIn men, cumulative exposures (T1 and T2) to low psychological demand, low job control or passive job were associated with higher prevalences of more severe presentation of MCI (MSMCI) at T3 (Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs of 1.50 (1.16 to 1.94); 1.38 (1.07 to 1.79) and 1.55 (1.20 to 2.00), respectively), but not with milder presentation of MCI. In women, only exposure to low psychological demand or passive job at T2 was associated with higher prevalences of MSMCI at T3 (PRs and 95% CI of 1.39 (0.97 to 1.99) and 1.29 (0.94 to 1.76), respectively).ConclusionsThese results support the deleterious effect of a low stimulating job on cognitive function and the cognitive reserve theory. Psychosocial stressors at work could be part of the effort for the primary prevention of cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Effect of cumulative exposure to psychosocial stressors at work on global cognitive function: A 25‐year longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline S Duchaine ◽  
Chantal Brisson ◽  
Denis Talbot ◽  
Mahée Gilbert‐Ouimet ◽  
Xavier Trudel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
Global Cognitive Function

scholarly journals Social networks and cognitive function in older adults: findings from the HAPIEE study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Nie ◽  
Marcus Richards ◽  
Ruzena Kubinova ◽  
Anastasiya Titarenko ◽  
Sofia Malyutina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Activity Participation ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Contact Frequency

Abstract Background Social networks are associated with better cognitive health in older people, but the role of specific aspects of the social network remains unclear. This is especially the case in Central and Eastern Europe. This study examined associations between three aspects of the social network (network size of friends and relatives, contact frequency with friends and relatives, and social activity participation) with cognitive functions (verbal memory, learning ability, verbal fluency, processing speed, and global cognitive function) in older Czech, Polish, and Russian adults. Methods Linear regression estimated associations between baseline social networks and cognitive domains measured at both baseline and follow-up (mean duration of follow-up, 3.5 ± 0.7 years) in 6691 participants (mean age, 62.2 ± 6.0 years; 53.7% women) from the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) study. Results Cross-sectional analyses, adjusted for country, age, and sex, showed positive associations of global cognitive function with social activity participation and network size of friends and relatives, but not with contact frequency in either network. Further adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioural, and health characteristics attenuated the associations with network size of relatives (P-trend = 0.074) but not with network size of friends (P-trend = 0.036) or social activities (P-trend< 0.001). In prospective analyses, network size and social activity participation were also linked with better cognition in simple models, but the associations were much stronger for social activities (P-trend< 0.001) than for network size of friends (P-trend = 0.095) and relatives (P-trend = 0.425). Adjustment for baseline cognition largely explained the prospective associations with network size of friends (P-trend = 0.787) and relatives (P-trend = 0.815), but it only slightly attenuated the association with social activities (P-trend< 0.001). The prospective effect of social activities was largely explained by sociodemographic, health behavioural, and health covariates (P-trend = 0.233). Analyses of specific cognitive domains generally replicated the cross-sectional and prospective findings for global cognitive function. Conclusions Older Central and Eastern European adults with larger social networks and greater social activities participation had better cognitive function, but these associations were stronger at baseline than over the short-term follow-up.

Abstract 11968: Nocturnal Blood Pressure in Young Adults and Cognitive Function in Midlife: The CARDIA Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Yano ◽  
Hongyan Ning ◽  
Paul Muntner ◽  
Jared Reis ◽  
David Calhoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Lower Score ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Nocturnal Blood Pressure

Nocturnal blood pressure (BP) is associated with risk for cardiovascular events. However, the effect of nocturnal BP in young adults on cognitive function in midlife remains unclear. We used data from the ambulatory BP monitoring substudy of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study, including 224 participants (mean age 30 years, 45% men, 63% African Americans) followed for 20 years (6 visits). At the 20-year follow-up, the Stroop test (higher score indicates worse executive function), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST, lower score indicates worse psychomotor speed), and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT, lower score indicates worse verbal memory) were assessed. Baseline mean office, daytime, and nocturnal BP were 109/73mmHg, 120/74mmHg, and 107/59mmHg, respectively. Nocturnal BP dipping, calculated as (nocturnal systolic BP [SBP]-daytime SBP)х100/daytime SBP, was divided into quartiles (Q1;-39.3% to -16.9%, Q2;-16.8% to -13.2%, Q3 [reference];-13.1% to -7.8%, and Q4;-7.7% to +56.4%). Cognitive function score according to the quartile of nocturnal SBP dipping is shown in Figure. In linear regression models, the least nocturnal SBP dipping (Q4 vs. reference) and higher nocturnal diastolic BP (DBP) level were associated with worse Stroop scores, with adjustments for demographic and clinical characteristics, and cumulative exposure of BP during follow-up (β [standard error]: 0.37[0.18] and 0.19[0.07] respectively; all P<0.05). Neither DSST nor RALVT was associated with either nocturnal BP dipping or nocturnal SBP/DBP levels. Among healthy young adults, less nocturnal SBP dipping and higher nocturnal DBP levels were associated with lower executive function in midlife, independent of long-term office BP levels. Nocturnal BP measures in young adults could be potentially useful to identify those who may be at risk for developing lower cognitive function in midlife.

scholarly journals Watching TV and Cognition: The SPAH 2-Year Cohort Study of Older Adults Living in Low-Income Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Fajersztajn ◽  
Vanessa Di Rienzo ◽  
Carina Akemi Nakamura ◽  
Marcia Scazufca
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Watching Tv

Watching TV is a highly prevalent leisure activity among older adults and, in many cases, the only leisure option of those living in low-income communities. While engaging in leisure activities have proven to protect older adults from cognitive decline, the effects of watching TV on cognition of this population is controversial in the literature. This study investigated the impact of watching TV on global cognitive function, immediate memory, verbal fluency, risk of dementia of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) in a cohort of older adults residents of socioeconomically deprived areas of São Paulo, Brazil. We used data from the São Paulo Aging &amp; Health Study (SPAH). Participants aged 65 years or over, with no dementia diagnosis at baseline and who completed the 2-year follow-up assessment were included in this study (n = 1,243). Multivariable linear regression models were performed to assess the effect of watching TV on global cognitive function, immediate memory and verbal fluency. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the risk of developing dementia and aMCI. Models were controlled by cognitive performance at baseline, sociodemographic characteristics and functional status. Cognitive performance at baseline and follow-up were similar. Thirty-one participants were diagnosed with dementia, and 23 with aMCI 24 months after inclusion in the study. Watching TV did not show any positive or negative effect on global cognitive function, immediate memory, verbal fluency, risk of dementia and risk of aMCI. It is good news that watching TV did not predict the decline in cognition in elders. However, it is essential to increase opportunities for other leisure activities for low-income and low-educated older adults if we do consider that leisure activities protect cognition decline in older adults. In the coming decades, developing countries will experience the highest burden of dementia and more than fun, public policies to promote leisure activities might be a strategy to alleviate this burden shortly.

Global Cognitive Function in Late-Life Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analytic Review

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzin Irani ◽  
Solomon Kalkstein ◽  
Emily A. Moberg ◽  
Paul J. Moberg
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Analytic Review

scholarly journals Vascular risk factors and incident late-life depression in a Korean population

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Min Kim ◽  
Robert Stewart ◽  
Sung-Wan Kim ◽  
Su-Jin Yang ◽  
Il-Seon Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Vascular Status

BackgroundCausal relationships between vascular factors and late-life depression are controversial.AimsTo investigate prospective associations between risk factors for vascular disease and incidence of late-life depression.MethodOf 661 community participants aged 65 years or over, without depression at baseline, 521 (79%) were re-evaluated 2 years later. At baseline and follow-up, a diagnostic interview for depression was carried out and information on vascular status, disability and cognitive function was gathered.ResultsPre-existing heart disease, incident stroke and lower baseline high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level were significantly associated with incidence of late-life depression, independently of disability and cognitive function.ConclusionsThese results provide some support for a vascular aetiology of late-life depression. However, important risk factors for cerebrovascular disease such as hypertension and diabetes were not implicated, and the associations with lipid levels might still be explained by affective states earlier in life.

scholarly journals Global Sensory Impairment Independently Predicts Decreased Social Function Over Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 414-414
Author(s):  
Anna Huang ◽  
Kristen Wroblewski ◽  
Ashwin Kotwal ◽  
Linda Waite ◽  
Martha McClintock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The classical senses (vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell) play a key role in social function by allowing interaction and communication. We assessed whether sensory impairment across all 5 modalities (global sensory impairment [GSI]) was associated with social function in older adults. Sensory function was measured in 3,005 home-dwelling older U.S. adults at baseline in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project and GSI, a validated measure, was calculated. Social network size and kin composition, number of close friends, and social engagement were assessed at baseline and 5- and 10-year follow-up. Ordinal logistic regression and mixed effects ordinal logistic regression analyzed cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships respectively, controlling for demographics, physical/mental health, disability, and cognitive function (at baseline). Adults with worse GSI had smaller networks (β=-0.159, p=0.021), fewer close friends (β=-0.262, p=0.003) and lower engagement (β=-0.252, p=0.006) at baseline, relationships that persisted at 5 and 10 year follow-up. Men, older people, African-Americans, and those with less education, fewer assets, poor mental health, worse cognitive function, and more disability had worse GSI. Men and those with fewer assets, worse cognitive function, and less education had smaller networks and lower engagement. African-American and Hispanic individuals had smaller networks and fewer close friends, but more engagement. Older respondents also had more engagement. In summary, GSI independently predicts smaller social networks, fewer close friends, and lower social engagement over time, suggesting that sensory decline results in decreased social function. Thus, rehabilitating multisensory impairment may be a strategy to enhance social function as people age.

scholarly journals Social isolation, rather than loneliness, is associated with cognitive decline in older adults: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bin Yu ◽  
Andrew Steptoe ◽  
Yongjie Chen ◽  
Xiaohua Jia
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Confounding Variables

Abstract Background Social isolation and loneliness have each been associated with cognitive decline, but most previous research is limited to Western populations. This study examined the relationships of social isolation and loneliness on cognitive function among Chinese older adults. Methods This study used two waves of data (2011 and 2015) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and analyses were restricted to those respondents aged 50 and older. Social isolation, loneliness, and cognitive function were measured at baseline. Follow-up measures on cognitive function were obtained for 7761 participants (mean age = 60.97, s.d. = 7.31; male, 50.8%). Lagged dependent variable models adjusted for confounding factors were used to evaluate the association between baseline isolation, loneliness, and cognitive function at follow-up. Results Loneliness was significantly associated with the cognitive decline at follow-up (episodic memory: β = −0.03, p < 0.01; mental status: β = −0.03, p < 0.01) in the partially adjusted models. These associations became insignificant after additional confounding variables (chronic diseases, health behaviors, disabilities, and depressive symptoms) were taken into account (all p > 0.05). By contrast, social isolation was significantly associated with decreases in all cognitive function measures at follow-up (episodic memory: β = −0.05, p < 0.001; mental status: β = −0.03, p < 0.01) even after controlling for loneliness and all confounding variables. Conclusions Social isolation is associated with cognitive decline in Chinese older adults, and the relationships are independent of loneliness. These findings expand our knowledge about the links between social relationships and the cognitive function in non-Western populations.

scholarly journals Multimorbidity, Disadvantage, and Trends in Disability-Free Life Expectancy: The CFAS Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 641-641
Author(s):  
Andrew Kingston ◽  
Holly Bennett ◽  
Louise Robinson ◽  
Lynne Corner ◽  
Carol Brayne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy ◽  
Reported Health

Abstract The combined contribution of multi-morbidity and socio-economic position (SEP) to trends in disability free life expectancy (DFLE) is unknown. We use longitudinal data from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (CFAS I: 1991; CFAS II: 2011), with two year follow up. Disability was defined as difficulty in activities of daily living, and SEP as area-level deprivation. Multi-morbidity was constructed from nine self-reported health conditions and categorised as 0-1, 2-3, 4+ diseases. In 1991 and 2011, shorter total and disability-free years were associated with greater multi-morbidity. Between 1991 and 2011, gains in life expectancy and DFLE were observed at all levels of multi-morbidity, the greatest gain in DFLE being 4 years for men with 0-1 diseases. As multi-morbidity is more prevalent in more disadvantaged groups, further analyses will investigate whether SEP differences remain at all levels of multi-morbidity.

scholarly journals Cognitive Function in Adults with Enduring Anorexia Nervosa

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 859
Author(s):  
Maria Seidel ◽  
Helen Brooker ◽  
Kamilla Lauenborg ◽  
Keith Wesnes ◽  
Magnus Sjögren
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Attention Tasks ◽  
Inclusion Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe and often enduring disorder characterized by restriction of food intake, low body weight, fear of weight gain, and distorted body image. Investigations on cognition performance in AN patients have yielded conflicting results. Using an established and sensitive computerized cognitive test battery, we aimed to assess core aspects of cognitive function, including attention span, information processing, reasoning, working and episodic memory, in AN patients and controls. Patients were recruited from the Danish Prospective Longitudinal all-comer inclusion study in Eating Disorders (PROLED). Included were 26 individuals with AN and 36 healthy volunteers (HV). All were tested with CogTrack (an online cognitive assessment system) at baseline, and AN patients were tested again at a follow-up time point after weight increase (n = 13). At baseline, AN patients showed faster reaction times in the attention tasks, as well as increased accuracy in grammatical reasoning compared to HV. There were no differences in cognitive function between AN patients and HV in the other cognitive domains measured (sustained attention, working and episodic memory, speed of retrieval, and speed of grammatical reasoning). No differences were visible in the AN sample between baseline and follow-up. Performance did not correlate with any clinical variables in the AN sample. These findings supplement results from other studies suggesting increased concentration and reasoning accuracy in patients suffering from AN, who showed increased performance in cognitive tasks despite their illness.

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