scholarly journals Examining the relationship of vaping to smoking initiation among US youth and young adults: a reality check

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T Levy ◽  
Kenneth E Warner ◽  
K Michael Cummings ◽  
David Hammond ◽  
Charlene Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Youth Smoking ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Multiple Data Sets

BackgroundThe 2018 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Report found substantial evidence that electronic cigarette use (vaping) by youth is strongly associated with an increased risk of ever using cigarettes (smoking) and moderately associated with progressing to more established smoking. However, the Report also noted that recent increases in vaping have been associated with declining rates of youth smoking. This paper examines the temporal relationship between vaping and youth smoking using multiple data sets to explore the question of whether vaping promotes smoking initiation in the USA.MethodsUsing publicly available, nationally representative data on smoking and vaping among youth and young adults, we conducted a trend line analysis of deviations from long-term trends in smoking starting from when vaping became more prevalent.ResultsThere was a substantial increase in youth vaping prevalence beginning in about 2014. Time trend analyses showed that the decline in past 30-day smoking prevalence accelerated by two to four times after 2014. Indicators of more established smoking rates, including the proportion of daily smokers among past 30-day smokers, also decreased more rapidly as vaping became more prevalent.ConclusionsThe inverse relationship between vaping and smoking was robust across different data sets for both youth and young adults and for current and more established smoking. While trying electronic cigarettes may causally increase smoking among some youth, the aggregate effect at the population level appears to be negligible given the reduction in smoking initiation during the period of vaping’s ascendance.

Electrical features, liquid composition and toxicant emissions from ‘pod-mod’-like disposable electronic cigarettes

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056362
Author(s):  
Soha Talih ◽  
Rola Salman ◽  
Eric Soule ◽  
Rachel El-Hage ◽  
Ebrahim Karam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Liquid Composition ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Nicotine Concentration ◽  
Youth And Young Adults

IntroductionUse of flavoured pod-mod-like disposable electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has grown rapidly, particularly among cost-sensitive youth and young adults. To date, little is known about their design characteristics and toxicant emissions. In this study, we analysed the electrical and chemical characteristics and nicotine and pulmonary toxicant emission profiles of five commonly available flavoured disposable e-cigarettes and compared these data with those of a JUUL, a cartridge-based e-cigarette device that pod-mod-like disposables emulate in size and shape.MethodsDevice construction, electrical power and liquid composition were determined. Machine-generated aerosol emissions including particulate matter, nicotine, carbonyl compounds and heavy metals were also measured. Liquid and aerosol composition were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionisation detection, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.ResultsWe found that unlike JUUL, disposable devices did not incorporate a microcontroller to regulate electrical power to the heating coil. Quality of construction varied widely. Disposable e-cigarette power ranged between 5 and 9 W and liquid nicotine concentration ranged between 53 and 85 mg/mL (~95% in the protonated form). In 15 puffs, total nicotine yield for the disposables ranged between 1.6 and 6.7 mg, total carbonyls ranged between 28 and 138 µg, and total metals ranged between 1084 and 5804 ng. JUUL emissions were near the floors of all of these ranges.ConclusionsDisposable e-cigarettes are designed with high nicotine concentration liquids and are capable of emitting much higher nicotine and carbonyl species relative to rechargeable look-alike e-cigarettes. These differences are likely due to the lower quality in construction, unreliable labelling and lack of temperature control regulation that limits the power during operation. From a public health perspective, regulating these devices is important to limit user exposure to carbonyls and nicotine, particularly because these devices are popular with youth and young adults.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Binge Drinking among Young Adults Using Alcohol: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Bartoli ◽  
Daniele Carretta ◽  
Cristina Crocamo ◽  
Alessandro Schivalocchi ◽  
Giulia Brambilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Prevention Programmes

Background. Although binge drinking prevalence and correlates among young people have been extensively studied in the USA and Northern Europe, less is known for Southern Europe countries with relatively healthier drinking cultures.Objective. We aimed at analyzing prevalence and correlates of binge drinking in a representative sample of young adults in Italy.Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among alcohol-consuming young adults. We carried out univariate and multivariate analyses to assess associations between recent binge drinking and candidate variables.Results. We selected 654 subjects, with 590 (mean age: 20.65 ± 1.90) meeting inclusion criteria. Prevalence for recent binge drinking was 38.0%, significantly higher for females than males. Multivariate analysis showed that high alcohol expectancies, large amount of money available during the weekend, interest for parties and discos, female gender, cannabis use, influence by peers, and electronic cigarettes smoking all were significantly associated with recent binge drinking, whereas living with parents appeared a significant protective factor.Conclusions. More than a third of young adults using alcohol are binge drinkers, and, in contrast with findings from Anglo-Saxon countries, females show higher risk as compared with males. These data suggest the increasing importance of primary and secondary prevention programmes for binge drinking.

scholarly journals US young adults’ perceived effectiveness of draft pictorial e-cigarette warning labels

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (e1) ◽  
pp. e49-e51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennah Sontag ◽  
Michelle T Bover Manderski ◽  
David Hammond ◽  
Olivia A Wackowski
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Pictorial Warnings ◽  
The Usa

SignificanceResearch shows that pictorial warning labels for cigarettes are more effective than text-only warnings, and preliminary work suggests that pictorial warnings could also be considered for electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Pictorial warnings may be important for maximising their effectiveness among young people and enhancing the salience of the single nicotine addiction warning required for e-cigarettes to date in the USA. This study collected pilot data about the perceived effectiveness of draft e-cigarette pictorial warnings.MethodsParticipants were 876 young adults (ages 18–29) recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk who completed an online e-cigarette survey in 2018. Participants viewed and ranked five versions of the same e-cigarette nicotine addiction warning message—four pictorial and one text-only–on their perceived noticeability, likelihood of capturing young people’s attention, memorability, relevance to the addiction warning text and overall effectiveness in warning people about e-cigarette risks. For each outcome, presentation of the five warning versions was randomised. Pictorials included symbolic images of risk and addiction, and of priority audiences for the warning (ie, young people).ResultsFor all outcomes, pictorial warnings were ranked higher than the text-only warning, and the warning using a yellow triangle caution icon was ranked highest for all outcomes. The text-only warning was ranked as the least likely to be effective for all four outcomes in which it was assessed. Trends were similar for current e-cigarette users and non-users.ConclusionsFuture research should assess perceptions and the appropriateness of pictorial imagery for e-cigarette warnings and test their efficacy against text-only warnings experimentally.

scholarly journals Electronic cigarettes in Canada: Prevalence of use and perceptions among youth and young adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. e97-e102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine D. Czoli ◽  
David Hammond ◽  
Christine M. White
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Youth And Young Adults

scholarly journals Longitudinal pathways of exclusive and polytobacco smokeless use among youth, young adults and adults in the USA: findings from the PATH Study Waves 1–3 (2013–2016)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. s170-s177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Sharma ◽  
Kathryn C Edwards ◽  
Michael J Halenar ◽  
Kristie A Taylor ◽  
Karin A Kasza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Common Pathway ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative

ObjectiveUse of smokeless tobacco (SLT) with other tobacco products is growing, yet gaps in understanding transitions among SLT and other product use remain. The aim of this study is to examine cross-sectional prevalence and longitudinal pathways of SLT use among US youth (12–17 years), young adults (18–24 years) and adults 25+ (25 years and older).DesignData were drawn from the first three waves (2013–2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of US youth and adults. Respondents with data at all three waves (youth, n=11 046; young adults, n=6478; adults 25+, n=17 188) were included in longitudinal analyses.ResultsYoung adults had the highest current SLT use compared with other age groups. Among Wave 1 (W1) past 30-day youth and young adult SLT users, most were SLT and cigarette polytobacco users compared with adults 25+, who more often used SLT exclusively. Among W1 exclusive SLT users, persistent exclusive use across all three waves was more common among adults 25+, while transitioning from exclusive SLT use to SLT polytobacco use at Wave 2 or Wave 3 was more common among youth and young adults. Among W1 SLT and cigarette polytobacco users, a common pathway was discontinuing SLT use but continuing other tobacco use.ConclusionsOur results showed distinct longitudinal transitions among exclusive and SLT polytobacco users. Deeper understanding of these critical product transitions will allow for further assessment of population health impact of these products.

scholarly journals Cohort profile: the Health of Philippine Emigrants Study (HoPES) to examine the health impacts of international migration from the Philippines to the USA

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e032966
Author(s):  
A B de Castro ◽  
Anna K Hing ◽  
Nanette R Lee ◽  
Maria Midea M Kabamalan ◽  
Karen Llave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Data Collection ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Individual

PurposeThe Health of Philippine Emigrants Study (HoPES) longitudinally investigates over 3 years whether migrating from the Philippines to the USA results in increased risk for obesity relative to non-migrants in the Philippines. The study is designed to test the healthy immigrant hypothesis by collecting health measures from migrants starting from a pre-migration baseline and enrolling a non-migrant cohort matched on age, gender and education for comparison.ParticipantsA migrant cohort (n=832; 36.5% of eligible individuals) was recruited from clients of the Commission on Filipinos Overseas prior to exiting the Philippines. A non-migrant cohort (n=805; 68.6% eligible individuals) was recruited from community households in municipalities throughout the cities of Manila and Cebu. By intention, these two cohorts are comparable demographically, including urban/rural status of residency in the Philippines at baseline.Findings to dateAt baseline, compared with non-migrants, migrants report significantly better self-rated health and less depression, and have significantly larger hip circumference and lower waist-to-hip ratio, as well as significantly higher mean systolic blood pressure and higher mean level of apolipoprotein B. Baseline results can offer insight into the health status of both migrant and non-migrant populations and may be useful for obesity prevention efforts.Future plansLongitudinal data collection is scheduled to be completed in December 2020 when the final data collection wave (36 months after baseline) will conclude. Both migrant and non-migrant cohorts will be maintained beyond the current prospective study, so long as research funding allows and emerges for new study questions. Findings from future longitudinal analyses can inform the need and design of health-related/relevant interventions, whether clinical, behavioural, educational, or policy, that can be implemented at the individual or population level.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of JUUL use among a national sample of youth and young adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M Vallone ◽  
Morgane Bennett ◽  
Haijun Xiao ◽  
Lindsay Pitzer ◽  
Elizabeth C Hair
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
The Usa

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of JUUL use and identify demographic and psychosocial correlates of use among youth and young adults in the USA.MethodsA national, probability-based sample was recruited via address-based sampling, with subsamples recruited from an existing probability-based online panel. Participants (N=14 379) ages 15–34 were surveyed about JUUL use, tobacco use, electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) harm perceptions, sensation seeking and demographic characteristics. Data were collected February–May 2018. Χ2 analyses assessed differences in JUUL use by demographic and psychosocial characteristics. Logistic regressions identified significant correlates of ever and current JUUL use.ResultsOverall, 6.0% reported ever JUUL use, and 3.3% reported past 30-day (ie, current) use. Rates were higher among participants aged 15–17 and 18–21 years, with 9.5% and 11.2% reporting ever use, and 6.1% and 7.7% reporting current use, respectively. Among current users aged 15–17 years, 55.8% reported use on 3 or more days in the past month, and over a quarter reported use on 10–30 days. Significant correlates of use included younger age, white race, greater financial comfort, perceptions of ENDS as less harmful than cigarettes, household ENDS use, high sensation seeking and current combustible tobacco use.ConclusionJUUL use was significantly higher among young people, with those under 21 having significantly higher odds of ever and current use. Frequency of use patterns suggest youth may not be experimenting with the device but using it regularly. Given the high nicotine content of JUUL, there is concern over the potential for addiction and other serious health consequences among young people. Findings suggest strong regulatory actions are needed to prevent youth and young adult uptake.

Association between e-cigarette use initiated after cigarette smoking and smoking abstinence: a cross-sectional study among adolescent established smokers in the USA

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-055943
Author(s):  
Franziska S Saller ◽  
Israel T Agaku ◽  
Filippos T Filippidis
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa

BackgroundRecent years have seen a rapid increase in the popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among adolescents in the USA. Evidence on their role in the continuation of or abstinence from cigarette smoking among young smokers remains scarce.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between e-cigarette use initiated after cigarette smoking and abstinence from cigarette smoking among US adolescent established smokers.MethodsThe data were drawn from the 2015–2018 National Youth Tobacco Survey—a nationally representative survey of US middle and high school students. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between ever e-cigarette use and past 30-day abstinence from cigarette smoking. The analytical sample comprised ever established cigarette smokers with or without a history of e-cigarette use after smoking initiation.ResultsNeither experimental (adjusted OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.39–1.14) nor prior established (adjusted OR 1.56, 95% CI 0.96–2.56) nor current established (adjusted OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.41–1.03) e-cigarette use was statistically significantly associated with subsequent abstinence from cigarette smoking among adolescent ever established smokers. These findings were largely consistent across sensitivity analyses using alternative key definitions, although experimental and current established e-cigarette use was significantly negatively associated with past 6-month abstinence.ConclusionsWe found no evidence that e-cigarette use among US adolescents already smoking cigarettes is associated with subsequent abstinence from cigarette smoking; there was some evidence of an inverse association among experimental and current established e-cigarette users. These findings could inform future regulatory and public health efforts regarding youth e-cigarette use and the reduction of youth cigarette smoking in the USA.

scholarly journals Longitudinal pathways of exclusive and polytobacco hookah use among youth, young adults and adults in the USA: findings from the PATH Study Waves 1–3 (2013–2016)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. s155-s162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Sharma ◽  
Maansi Bansal-Travers ◽  
Kathryn C Edwards ◽  
Michael J Halenar ◽  
Kristie A Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Common Pathway ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Exclusive Or

ObjectiveThe goal of this study is to examine cross-sectional rates of use and longitudinal pathways of hookah use among US youth (ages 12-17), young adults (ages 18-24), and adults 25+ (ages 25 and older).DesignData were drawn from the first three waves (2013–2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of US adults and youth. Respondents with data at all three waves (youth, n=11 046; young adults, n=6478; adults 25+, n=17 188) were included in longitudinal analyses.ResultsYoung adults had higher ever, past 12-month (P12M) and past 30-day cross-sectional prevalence of hookah use at each wave than youth or adults 25+. The majority of Wave 1 (W1) hookah users were P12M users of other tobacco products (youth: 73.9%, young adults: 80.5%, adults 25+: 83.2%). Most youth and adult W1 P12M hookah users discontinued use in Wave 2 or Wave 3 (youth: 58.0%, young adults: 47.5%, adults 25+: 63.4%). Most W1 P12M hookah polytobacco users used cigarettes (youth: 49.4%, young adults: 59.4%, adults 25+: 63.2%) and had lower rates of quitting all tobacco than exclusive hookah users or hookah polytobacco users who did not use cigarettes.ConclusionsHookah use is more common among young adults than among youth or adults 25+. Discontinuing hookah use is the most common pathway among exclusive or polytobacco hookah users. Understanding longitudinal transitions in hookah use is important in understanding behavioural outcomes at the population level.

scholarly journals Electronic Cigarette Cessation in Youth and Young Adults: A Case Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1179173X2110266
Author(s):  
Gautam Sikka ◽  
MopeninuJesu Oluyinka ◽  
Raiza Schreiber ◽  
Panagis Galiatsatos
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Medical Regimen ◽  
Tobacco Treatment ◽  
Treatment Clinic ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Cigarette Cessation

Introduction: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) usage use has increased exponentially, especially in youth and young adults. For many, the usage of these products results in a severe addiction, one that is difficult to discontinue. Further, e-cigarette cessation is challenging as there are no specific guidelines directing such medical management for patients and their respective clinicians. Here, we report a case series of patients who we are attempting to wean from e-cigarettes with medical guidance. Methods: Six patients who self-reported daily e-cigarette usage and were enrolled in our Tobacco Treatment Clinic (TTC) were followed for 12-months. An inventory of the e-cigarette product and usage was captured, along with responses to identify when the patients experienced majority of their cravings. Co-morbidities, if present, were documented. Documentation of interventions, counseling with or without pharmacological therapies, were captured. Primary outcome was cessation at 6-months. Results: The 6 patients enrolled in clinic ranged in age from 17 to 31 years, with 4 of the patients identifying as males and 2 as females. Patients were using e-cigarettes for 1 to 6 years prior to enrolling into the TTC. As for interventions, all patients received counseling and pharmacological interventions in the form of nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs). Three of the 6 patients were weaned off e-cigarettes by 6-months, with a fourth patient weaned off at the 8-month mark. Variables identified as barriers to cessation included non-compliance with medical regimen and peer influence. Discussion: Here we present a case series of attempting to wean persons from electronic cigarettes use. Given the lack of international guidelines in e-cigarette addiction management, we believe this case series will be of value for clinicians and their patients. Further studies are warranted to help patients with e-cigarette addiction in their attempt at cessation.

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