scholarly journals Strategies and barriers to achieving the goal of Finland’s tobacco endgame

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2018-054779 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S Timberlake ◽  
Ulla Laitinen ◽  
Jaana M Kinnunen ◽  
Arja H Rimpela
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
Control Community ◽  
Legal Constraints ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Tobacco Endgame

ObjectivesFinland boldly legislated the end of tobacco use in its 2010 Tobacco Act, and subsequently expanded the goal in 2016 to eradicate other nicotine-containing products. This study explored stakeholders’ perceptions about the strengths, barriers, solutions and rationale for Finland’s comprehensive but conventional strategy to achieve its nicotine-free goal.DesignStudy participants were selected based on expertise in policy or practice of tobacco control (n=32). Semi-structured interviews, conducted in 2017 and 2018, covered topics ranging from consensus among stakeholders to Finland’s ranking on the 2016 Tobacco Control Scale. The framework method was chosen for analysing interview transcripts.ResultsA perceived strength of Tobacco-Free Finland 2030 was the consensus and cooperation among members of the tobacco control community. The objective of becoming a nicotine- versus smoke-free society had almost unanimous support, challenged by a small minority who argued for greater discussion of harm reduction approaches. The need for maintaining legitimacy and historical successes in tobacco control were reasons for using a conventional strategy. Barriers to achieving the endgame goal included insufficient funding and over-reliance on non-governmental organisations, political/legal constraints, impact of institutional practices on tobacco disparities, ambivalence about the role of mass media and lack of prioritising smoking cessation.ConclusionsStakeholders’ broad confidence in reaching the goal of Finland’s tobacco endgame suggests that future policy initiatives will reflect the current, conventional strategy. If the Finnish government chooses to continue this approach, then it should designate separate funds for Tobacco-Free Finland 2030 and implement structural changes that will facilitate tobacco control initiatives.

scholarly journals Needs of LMIC-based tobacco control advocates to counter tobacco industry policy interference: insights from semi-structured interviews

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e044710
Author(s):  
Britta Katharina Matthes ◽  
Lindsay Robertson ◽  
Anna B Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
National Coalition ◽  
Industry Policy

IntroductionAdvocacy is vital for advancing tobacco control and there has been considerable investment in this area. While much is known about tobacco industry interference (TII), there is little research on advocates’ efforts in countering TII and what they need to succeed. We sought to examine this and focused on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where adoption and implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) tend to remain slower and weaker.MethodWe interviewed 22 advocates from eight LMICs with recent progress in a tobacco control policy. We explored participants’ experiences in countering TII, including the activities they undertake, challenges they encounter and how their efforts could be enhanced. We used Qualitative Description to analyse transcripts and validated findings through participant feedback.ResultsWe identified four main areas of countering activities: (1) generating and compiling data and evidence, (2) accessing policymakers and restricting industry access, (3) working with media and (4) engaging in a national coalition. Each area was linked to challenges, including (1) lack of data, (2) no/weak implementation of FCTC Article 5.3, (3) industry ties with media professionals and (4) advocates’ limited capacity. To address these challenges, participants suggested initiatives, including access to country-specific data, building advocates’ skills in compiling and using such data in research and monitoring, and in coalition development; others aiming at training journalists to question and investigate TII; and finally, diverse interventions intended to advance a whole-of-government approach to tobacco control. Structural changes to tobacco control funding and coordination were suggested to facilitate the proposed measures.ConclusionThis research highlights that following years of investment in tobacco control in LMICs, there is growing confidence in addressing TII. We identify straightforward initiatives that could strengthen such efforts. This research also underscores that more structural changes to enhance tobacco control capacity building should be considered.

scholarly journals Examining the magnitude and perception of summertime overheating in London care homes

2021 ◽  
pp. 014362442110136
Author(s):  
Rajat Gupta ◽  
Alastair Howard ◽  
Mike Davies ◽  
Anna Mavrogianni ◽  
Ioanna Tsoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Subjective Data ◽  
Hybrid Buildings ◽  
Hot Weather

This paper brings together objective and subjective data on indoor temperature and thermal comfort to examine the magnitude and perception of summertime overheating in two London-based care homes occupying modern and older buildings. Continuous monitoring of indoor and outdoor temperature, relative humidity and CO2 levels was conducted in summer 2019 along with thermal comfort surveys and semi-structured interviews with older residents and staff of the care settings. Indoor temperatures were found to be high (>30°C) with bedroom temperatures often higher at night than daytime across both care settings. Limited opening due to window restrictors constrained night-time ventilation. Overheating was prevalent with four out of the five monitored bedrooms failing all four overheating metrics investigated. While 35–42% of staff responses perceived indoor temperatures to be uncomfortably hot, only 13–19% of resident responses were found to do so, indicating that elderly residents tend to be relatively insensitive to heat, leaving them open to overheating without realising it. Residents and staff in the modern care setting were less satisfied with their thermal conditions. As hybrid buildings, care settings need to keep both residents and staff comfortable and healthy during hot weather through night-time ventilation, management of heating and supportive institutional practices. Practical application: Care home designs have focused on keeping residents warm through the winter, neglecting the risks of summertime overheating. Care homes are hybrid buildings serving as living spaces for vulnerable older residents and offices/workspaces for staff. Providing comfort to both groups during periods of hot weather is challenging. Opportunities for ventilation are limited by Health & Safety regulations that mandate up to 10 cm maximum window openings and institutional practices that result in windows routinely kept closed, particularly at night. Utilising natural and where possible cross-ventilation should be considered along with external shading. Heating should be managed to avoid unwanted heat gains in the summer.

scholarly journals Diet, Nutrition, and Oral Health: What Influences Mother’s Decisions on What to Feed Their Young Children?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8159
Author(s):  
Amit Arora ◽  
Louise Chew ◽  
Kaye Kang ◽  
Lily Tang ◽  
Mohamed Estai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Study Participants

The purpose of this study was to learn about mothers’ experiences with food choices for their pre-school children in underprivileged communities in Greater Western Sydney (GWS). A total of 20 mother-child dyads living in GWS were recruited to a qualitative study from an ongoing birth cohort study. Participants’ houses were visited for semi-structured interviews, which were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically. The interviews yielded five main themes: (i) food choices, nutrition, and health; (ii) accessibility and availability of foods (iii) buying time for parents; (iv) child’s age and their preference on food choices; (v) conditioning certain behaviours by family and cultural factors. Nutrition literacy, child’s preferences, unhealthy food intake by family members, child’s demand, advertising and availability of harmful foods, and time constraints were all mentioned as hurdles to mothers making appropriate meal choices for their children. However, some identified facilitators were promoting parents’ knowledge, increasing access to health educational materials, upskilling mothers to providing healthier alternatives, regulating the marketing of unhealth foods. Although, the present study identified critical factors that influence mothers’ food choices for their young children, making healthy food choices is a complex practice as it is shaped by individual, social and environmental influences.

scholarly journals Pharmacists in advanced clinical practice roles in emergency departments (PARED)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Terry ◽  
Shalini Ganasan ◽  
Matthew Aiello ◽  
Chi Huynh ◽  
Veronica Wilkie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Career Transition ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Clinical Supervisors ◽  
Practitioner Training ◽  
Study Participants

AbstractBackground Following evidence published in the Pharmacists in Emergency Departments (PIED 2016) study Health Education England funded novel advanced clinical practitioner training for pharmacists (ACP-p), to support service delivery.Objective To explore experiences and clinical activity of trainee ACP-p, and opinions and recommendations of both trainees and clinical supervisors.Setting Five Urgent/Emergency Care Departments in London UK.Method Longitudinal mixed-methods study in three phases of registered UK pharmacists appointed as trainee ACP-p. Phase 1 (May-July 2019) – early semi-structured interviews and focus group using an experiences, opinions and recommendations (EOR) framework, Phase 2 (January-December 2019) – prospective recording of trainee clinical activity, standardised using bespoke spreadsheet, Phase 3 (November-December 2019) – as Phase 1 but at conclusion of training.Main outcome measure Experiences, clinical activity, opinions and recommendations of study participants.Results Twelve (92 %) eligible trainee ACP-p and five supervisors were recruited. Identified themes were: trainee personality, educational components, length of programme, support/supervision, career transition, university and placement training alignment, recommendations. Success was dependent on effective support and supervision. Clinical supervisors should be allocated adequate supervision time. Trainees, their supervisors and emergency department staff should be given a clear brief. Study participants agreed that the programme could be successful. Trainee ACP-p reported that they could manage 82 % of 713 pre-selected clinical presentations. Additional training needs include: ECGs, X-rays and CT scans.Conclusions Pharmacists can successfully train as ACP-p in this setting over a two-year period. This career transition needs careful management and clear structures. Training ACP-p is a useful way of enhancing skills and supporting clinical services to large numbers of patients.

scholarly journals Context-Specific Challenges, Opportunities, and Ethics of Drones for Healthcare Delivery in the Eyes of Program Managers and Field Staff: A Multi-Site Qualitative Study

Drones ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Vyshnave Jeyabalan ◽  
Elysée Nouvet ◽  
Patrick Meier ◽  
Lorie Donelle
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Health It ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Field Staff ◽  
Program Managers ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Diverse Context ◽  
Study Participants

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, have significant potential in the healthcare field. Ethical and practical concerns, challenges, and complexities of using drones for specific and diverse healthcare purposes have been minimally explored to date. This paper aims to document and advance awareness of diverse context-specific concerns, challenges, and complexities encountered by individuals working on the front lines of drones for health. It draws on original qualitative research and data from semi-structured interviews (N = 16) with drones for health program managers and field staff in nine countries. Directed thematic analysis was used to analyze interviews and identify key ethical and practical concerns, challenges, and complexities experienced by participants in their work with drones for health projects. While some concerns, challenges, and complexities described by study participants were more technical in nature, for example, those related to drone technology and approval processes, the majority were not. The bulk of context-specific concerns and challenges identified by participants, we propose, could be mitigated through community engagement initiatives.

scholarly journals Perspective of people with epilepsy about Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-378
Author(s):  
Zeighami Reza ◽  
Shokati M ◽  
Hossein Zadeh K ◽  
Sahar Parsipur
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Patient Perspective ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Epilepsy Patient ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Targeted Sampling ◽  
Hermeneutic Approach ◽  
Divine Punishment ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Disease Present

Objective: This study aims to define epilepsy patient perspective about epilepsy. Material & methods:Phenomenological hermeneutic approach is used by emphasizing on van Manon (2001) method. In this study participants have chosen by targeted sampling. Semi structured interviews as well as observation have deployed for data collection Results: Patient’s perspective explored by main four themes including: dumb concept, destructive agent of present and future’s life, the cause of social isolation and divine punishment. Conclusion:Epilepsy is a disorder which is bounded by ambiguity and unawareness among patients and societies. The disease also known by them as an incurable and destructive disease, present and future’s life destructive element, the cause of social isolation, divine punishment and atonement for sins. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.374-378

scholarly journals Smokers’ support for tobacco endgame measures in Canada: findings from the 2016 International Tobacco Control Smoking and Vaping Survey

CMAJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. E412-E422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Chung-Hall ◽  
Geoffrey T. Fong ◽  
Pete Driezen ◽  
Lorraine Craig
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Endgame

scholarly journals Agenda-setting of tobacco control policy in Iran: a retrospective policy analysis study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Ravaghi ◽  
Sogand Tourani ◽  
Rahim Khodayari-Zarnaq ◽  
Baharak Aghapour ◽  
Azita Pishgoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Policy Window ◽  
National Control

Abstract Background The prevalence of tobacco use, especially hookah, has increased in Iran In recent years, particularly among young people and women, and the age of onset of use has decreased. Tobacco use is the fourth leading risk factor for non-communicable diseases in Iran. These issues cause concerns in the country and led to the present study on tobacco control agenda-setting in Iran over a 30-year timeframe. Methods We conducted this retrospective analytical study to investigate process analysis in Iran using Kingdon’s multiple-streams framework (MSF). We collected the data using semi-structured interviews with key informants (n = 36) and reviewing policy documents (n > 100). Then, we analyzed the policy documents and in-depth interviews using the document and framework analysis method. We used MAXQDA 11 software to classify and analyze the data. Results Iran’s accession to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) opened a window of opportunity for tobacco control. The policy window opens when all three streams have already been developed. The adoption of the comprehensive law on the national control and campaign against tobacco in the Islamic Consultative Assembly in 2006 is a turning point in tobacco control activities in Iran. Conclusions The tobacco control agenda-setting process in Iran was broadly consistent with MSF. The FCTC strengthened the comprehensive plan for national control of tobacco as a policy stream. However, there are several challenges in developing effective policies for tobacco control in the Iranian setting.

Sudden violent death: social workers’ strategies for coping with a traumatic event in a Bedouin community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuzha Allassad Alhuzail ◽  
Merav Moshe Grodofsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Violent Death ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Traumatic Death ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to explore challenges and coping strategies of social workers following the traumatic death of eight women from a Bedouin village in southern Israel. The data highlight how religion and indigenous Bedouin knowledge and customs both assisted and impeded the study participants’ strategies. The findings suggest that familiarity with religion and indigenous knowledge and customs may be useful to social workers in helping to manage traumatic events. However, the findings also suggest that religious and cultural values that encourage suppression of emotion may have long-term negative effects on social workers.

Investigating Barriers That May Influence the Implementation and Use of E-HRM Tools in the Organization

2021 ◽  
pp. 350-370
Author(s):  
Hamid Agahi ◽  
Sarist Gulthawatvichai
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Human Resource Managers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Selection Of

Human resource managers (HRMs) can use electronic-human resource management (E-HRMs) tools to improve human resources practices, including recruitment and selection of employees. Grounded in the theoretical framework of a unified theory of acceptance (UTAUT), this present qualitative case study investigated the potential barriers that influence the implementation and use of E-HRMs in Thailand's business sector. Human resource professionals from the business sector, including hotels in Thailand, were the study participants. Semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were used as data collection instruments. Qualitative data collected was analyzed using thematic content analysis. The challenges impact the recruitment and selection process by making the employment process complex and poor selection of employees. HRMs should support E-HRMs as the advanced technologies to improve recruitment and selection of competent employees. In conclusion, E-HRMs are effective information systems that support electronic recruitment and selection of qualified employees.

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