Diet, Nutrition, and Oral Health: What Influences Mother’s Decisions on What to Feed Their Young Children?

The purpose of this study was to learn about mothers’ experiences with food choices for their pre-school children in underprivileged communities in Greater Western Sydney (GWS). A total of 20 mother-child dyads living in GWS were recruited to a qualitative study from an ongoing birth cohort study. Participants’ houses were visited for semi-structured interviews, which were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically. The interviews yielded five main themes: (i) food choices, nutrition, and health; (ii) accessibility and availability of foods (iii) buying time for parents; (iv) child’s age and their preference on food choices; (v) conditioning certain behaviours by family and cultural factors. Nutrition literacy, child’s preferences, unhealthy food intake by family members, child’s demand, advertising and availability of harmful foods, and time constraints were all mentioned as hurdles to mothers making appropriate meal choices for their children. However, some identified facilitators were promoting parents’ knowledge, increasing access to health educational materials, upskilling mothers to providing healthier alternatives, regulating the marketing of unhealth foods. Although, the present study identified critical factors that influence mothers’ food choices for their young children, making healthy food choices is a complex practice as it is shaped by individual, social and environmental influences.

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Undernutrition and associated factors in orphan children aged 6–59 months in Gambella Southwest, Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045892 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. e045892

Author(s):

Solomon Feleke ◽

Gudina Egata ◽

Firehiwot Mesfin ◽

Gizachew Yilak ◽

Abebaw Molla

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Access To Health Services ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Orphaned Children ◽

Access To Health ◽

Study Participants ◽

Children Under 5

ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight and associated factors in orphaned children under 5 years old.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingGambella City, Ethiopia.ParticipantsA sample of 419 under 5 orphaned children included in the study. Eligible households with orphans had selected using a systematic random sampling method. The lottery method was used when more than one eligible study participants live in the household. An OR with 95% CI was performed to measure the strength of association between each dependent variable and independent variables. Variables with p<0.05 were declared statistically significant.Primary outcomeThe main outcome of this study was the prevalence of undernutrition among orphaned under 5 and its associated factors.ResultsPrevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight in orphan children under 5 were 12.2%, 37.8% and 21.7%, respectively. The prevalnce of wasting peaks among age group of 36–47 months (42.5%), whereas underweight peaks in 48–59 months (27.7%). Food insecurity, wealth index, family size, vitamin A supplementation, diarrhoea, fever 2 weeks before the survey, children under 5 and parents’ death were associated with undernutrition.ConclusionThe prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight among orphan children under 5 was significantly high. Multisectoral collaborative efforts towards access to health services, improving income-generating activities, micronutrient supplementation and social support and protection targeting orphan and vulnerable populations have to be built up.

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4580 Development of a play-based coaching intervention to improve quality of life and wellbeing for mothers with cancer and their young children

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science ◽

10.1017/cts.2020.121 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (s1) ◽

pp. 27-27

Author(s):

Rosa Roman-Oyola ◽

Anita Bundy ◽

Eida Castro ◽

Osiris Castrillo

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Young Children ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Improve Quality ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Yield Data ◽

Implementation Phase ◽

Coaching Intervention ◽

Phase 1B

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Mothers with cancer who have young children experience life disruptions when treatment procedures limit mother-child interactions. This study proposes the development of an intervention combining the Coaching approach with the Model of Playfulness to improve Quality of Life (QoL) and wellbeing of these patients and their young children. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This embedded mixed method study will be guided by the two initial phases of the ORBIT Model for the development of behavioral interventions for patients with chronic diseases. Participants will be mothers in the post-acute treatment stage of cancer (n = 6) and their children who are between 2 years and a half and 6 years, 11 months. Phase 1A, Definition, builds on qualitative data from a concurrent study exploring the experiences of mothers with cancer playing with their young children. As part of this phase, we will develop a play-based coaching intervention. In Phase 1B, Refinement, we will employ in-depth semi-structured interviews and standardized tools to evaluate acceptability of the intervention and preliminary outcomes. This will serve to further refine the intervention. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Phase 1A will yield a plan for the intervention and data to enhance its initial implementation. Phase 1B will yield data, from the perspective of the mothers, about acceptability of the intervention procedures (e.g., delivery strategy, place for the intervention, time devoted, and outcome measures). This will enable modifications to the intervention. Additionally, Phase IB will yield preliminary data from specific QoL and wellbeing measures. For the mother, data about anxiety and depression symptoms, stress levels, and parental self-efficacy; for the child, emotional and behavioral indicators; for both: playfulness. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This study entails the development of an intervention to enhance QoL and wellbeing of mothers with cancer and their children. Play moments as the centerpiece of the intervention, represent an innovative approach. Findings will guide the design of future feasibility studies to advance the development of this outcome driven intervention.

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‘I was really, really shocked’: A sociological exploration of the transition experiences of English Youth Academy male footballers from school to work

International Review for the Sociology of Sport ◽

10.1177/10126902211005441 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 101269022110054

Author(s):

Nicola Hague ◽

Graeme Law

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

School To Work ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Professional Career ◽

Professional Experiences ◽

Transitional Experiences ◽

The World ◽

Different Types

The world of football arguably brings together and unites people in support of their teams and countries, while inspiring young children and adolescents to dream of a professional career. Existing research in the field has sought to begin to understand what professional footballers experience on their journey through the game. However, much of this UK-based research has focused on first team players and their professional experiences, including transitions from youth team to first team and to retirement. This study, therefore, aimed to examine players during their youth academy scholarship at one English Championship club. This study focused on the transitional experiences of youth players from school to the academy and their resulting embodying of a footballer’s identity. Twelve semi-structured interviews with players aged 17–19, were conducted and then analysed by thematic analysis using figurational sociology concepts. Three different types of transition were identified. Among other reasons, early specialisation in football was a prevalent factor that partly influenced the way the players experienced their transition. The transition into the academy coincided with the transition from youth to adulthood that was arguably anything but linear as players managed the dominant sub-cultures present in the club.

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Young children’s information-seeking practices in center-based childcare

Journal of Librarianship and Information Science ◽

10.1177/0961000620962164 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 096100062096216

Author(s):

Sarah Barriage

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Information Seeking ◽

Day Care ◽

Participant Observation ◽

Photo Elicitation ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Information Practices ◽

The Usa ◽

Concept Of Information ◽

Classroom Resources

Many children in the USA spend a significant amount of time in center-based childcare. However, research has yet to explore their information practices in this setting. This study investigates young children’s perceptions of the concept of information and their own information-seeking practices within the context of their day care classroom. The participants included 13 children between three and five years of age. Data was collected using participant observation, semi-structured interviews, child-led photo tours, and photo-elicitation interviews. The findings indicate that the children did not perceive the concept of information in a manner consistent with adult understandings of the term, and that they engaged in information-seeking related to finding out new things on their own, through interactions with others, and through classroom resources, activities, and routines. The findings have implications for both researchers and practitioners working with young children.

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Willing but wary: Australian women experts’ attitudes to engaging with the news media

Journalism ◽

10.1177/14648849211007038 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 146488492110070

Author(s):

Kathryn Shine

Keyword(s):

News Media ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Time Constraints ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Female Participation ◽

News Content ◽

News Sources ◽

Quantitative Studies ◽

The World ◽

Almost All

Numerous quantitative studies from around the world have found that women are under-represented as sources in news content. This study aims to add to the existing quantitative research by describing female experts’ attitudes about being interviewed as news sources, and their experiences of interacting with journalists. It reports the findings of semi-structured interviews with 30 Australian female academic experts from a broad range of disciplines. Almost all of the women experts in the group were willing to be interviewed by a journalist, and reported that their experiences with the news media had generally been positive. However, they referred to various factors that may act as deterrents. These included a lack of confidence, a reluctance to appear on camera, time constraints and a lack of understanding about how the news media operates. This research provides valuable insights for journalists and editors, and outlines recommendations about how to encourage female participation in the news.

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Pharmacists in advanced clinical practice roles in emergency departments (PARED)

International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy ◽

10.1007/s11096-021-01275-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

David Terry ◽

Shalini Ganasan ◽

Matthew Aiello ◽

Chi Huynh ◽

Veronica Wilkie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Departments ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Career Transition ◽

Support Service ◽

Clinical Activity ◽

X Rays ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Clinical Supervisors ◽

Practitioner Training ◽

Study Participants

AbstractBackground Following evidence published in the Pharmacists in Emergency Departments (PIED 2016) study Health Education England funded novel advanced clinical practitioner training for pharmacists (ACP-p), to support service delivery.Objective To explore experiences and clinical activity of trainee ACP-p, and opinions and recommendations of both trainees and clinical supervisors.Setting Five Urgent/Emergency Care Departments in London UK.Method Longitudinal mixed-methods study in three phases of registered UK pharmacists appointed as trainee ACP-p. Phase 1 (May-July 2019) – early semi-structured interviews and focus group using an experiences, opinions and recommendations (EOR) framework, Phase 2 (January-December 2019) – prospective recording of trainee clinical activity, standardised using bespoke spreadsheet, Phase 3 (November-December 2019) – as Phase 1 but at conclusion of training.Main outcome measure Experiences, clinical activity, opinions and recommendations of study participants.Results Twelve (92 %) eligible trainee ACP-p and five supervisors were recruited. Identified themes were: trainee personality, educational components, length of programme, support/supervision, career transition, university and placement training alignment, recommendations. Success was dependent on effective support and supervision. Clinical supervisors should be allocated adequate supervision time. Trainees, their supervisors and emergency department staff should be given a clear brief. Study participants agreed that the programme could be successful. Trainee ACP-p reported that they could manage 82 % of 713 pre-selected clinical presentations. Additional training needs include: ECGs, X-rays and CT scans.Conclusions Pharmacists can successfully train as ACP-p in this setting over a two-year period. This career transition needs careful management and clear structures. Training ACP-p is a useful way of enhancing skills and supporting clinical services to large numbers of patients.

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Context-Specific Challenges, Opportunities, and Ethics of Drones for Healthcare Delivery in the Eyes of Program Managers and Field Staff: A Multi-Site Qualitative Study

Drones ◽

10.3390/drones4030044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

Vyshnave Jeyabalan ◽

Elysée Nouvet ◽

Patrick Meier ◽

Lorie Donelle

Keyword(s):

Thematic Analysis ◽

Health Program ◽

Healthcare Delivery ◽

Health It ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Field Staff ◽

Program Managers ◽

Context Specific ◽

Diverse Context ◽

Study Participants

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, have significant potential in the healthcare field. Ethical and practical concerns, challenges, and complexities of using drones for specific and diverse healthcare purposes have been minimally explored to date. This paper aims to document and advance awareness of diverse context-specific concerns, challenges, and complexities encountered by individuals working on the front lines of drones for health. It draws on original qualitative research and data from semi-structured interviews (N = 16) with drones for health program managers and field staff in nine countries. Directed thematic analysis was used to analyze interviews and identify key ethical and practical concerns, challenges, and complexities experienced by participants in their work with drones for health projects. While some concerns, challenges, and complexities described by study participants were more technical in nature, for example, those related to drone technology and approval processes, the majority were not. The bulk of context-specific concerns and challenges identified by participants, we propose, could be mitigated through community engagement initiatives.

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Perspective of people with epilepsy about Epilepsy

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v20i2.51551 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 374-378

Author(s):

Zeighami Reza ◽

Shokati M ◽

Hossein Zadeh K ◽

Sahar Parsipur

Keyword(s):

Social Isolation ◽

Patient Perspective ◽

Medical Science ◽

Epilepsy Patient ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Targeted Sampling ◽

Hermeneutic Approach ◽

Divine Punishment ◽

Study Participants ◽

Disease Present

Objective: This study aims to define epilepsy patient perspective about epilepsy. Material & methods:Phenomenological hermeneutic approach is used by emphasizing on van Manon (2001) method. In this study participants have chosen by targeted sampling. Semi structured interviews as well as observation have deployed for data collection Results: Patient’s perspective explored by main four themes including: dumb concept, destructive agent of present and future’s life, the cause of social isolation and divine punishment. Conclusion:Epilepsy is a disorder which is bounded by ambiguity and unawareness among patients and societies. The disease also known by them as an incurable and destructive disease, present and future’s life destructive element, the cause of social isolation, divine punishment and atonement for sins. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.374-378

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Feast and famine: Socioeconomic disparities in global nutrition and health

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn19980005 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 23-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

I Darnton-Hill ◽

ET Coyne

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Young Children ◽

Low Income ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Socioeconomic Disparities ◽

Differential Mortality ◽

Nutrition And Health ◽

Global Nutrition

AbstractObjective:To review current information on under- and over-malnutrition and the consequences of socioeconomic disparities on global nutrition and health.Design:Malnutrition, both under and over, can no longer be addressed without considering global food insecurity, socioeconomic disparity, both globally and nationally, and global cultural, social and epidemiological transitions.Setting:The economic gap between the more and less affluent nations is growing. At the same time income disparity is growing within most countries, both developed and developing. Concurrently, epidemiological, demographic and nutrition transitions are taking place in many countries.Results:Fully one-third of young children in the world's low-income countries are stunted because of malnutrition. One-half of all deaths among young children are, in part, a consequence of malnutrition. Forty per cent of women in the developing world suffer from iron deficiency anaemia, a major cause of maternal mortality and low birth weight infants. Despite such worrying trends, there have been significant increases in life expectancy in nearly all countries of the world, and continuing improvements in infant mortality rates. The proportion of children malnourished has generally decreased, although actual numbers have not in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. Inequalities are increasing between the richest developed countries and the poorest developing countries. Social inequality is an important factor in differential mortality in both developed and developing countries. Many countries have significant pockets of malnutrition and increased mortality of children, while obesity and non-communicable disease (NCDs) prevalences are increasing. Not infrequently it is the poor and relatively disadvantaged sectors of the population who are suffering both. In the industrialized countries. cardiovascular disease incidence has declined, but less so in the poorer socioeconomic strata.conclusions:The apparent contradicitions found represent a particular point in time (population responses generally lag behind social and environmental transitions). They do also show encouraging evidence that interventions can have a positive impact, sometimes despite disadvantageous circumstances. However, it seems increasingly unlikely that food production will continue to keep up with population growth. It is also unlikely present goals for reducing protein-energy malnutrition prevalence will be reached. The coexistence of diseases of undernutrition and NCDs will have an impact on allocation of resources. Action needs to be continued and maintained at the international, national and individual level.

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Sudden violent death: social workers’ strategies for coping with a traumatic event in a Bedouin community

The British Journal of Social Work ◽

10.1093/bjsw/bcab056 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nuzha Allassad Alhuzail ◽

Merav Moshe Grodofsky

Keyword(s):

Social Workers ◽

Cultural Values ◽

Traumatic Event ◽

Violent Death ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Traumatic Death ◽

And Coping ◽

Study Participants

Abstract This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to explore challenges and coping strategies of social workers following the traumatic death of eight women from a Bedouin village in southern Israel. The data highlight how religion and indigenous Bedouin knowledge and customs both assisted and impeded the study participants’ strategies. The findings suggest that familiarity with religion and indigenous knowledge and customs may be useful to social workers in helping to manage traumatic events. However, the findings also suggest that religious and cultural values that encourage suppression of emotion may have long-term negative effects on social workers.

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