Platelet Dysregulation in the Pathobiology of COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) encompasses a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.Patients with severe disease present with hyperinflammation which can affect multiple organs which often include observations of microvascular and macrovascular thrombi. COVID-19 is increasingly recognized as a thromboinflammatory disease where alterations of both coagulation and platelets are closely linked to mortality and clinical outcomes. Although platelets are most well known as central mediators of hemostasis, they possess chemotactic molecules, cytokines, and adhesion molecules that are now appreciated as playing an important role in the regulation of immune response. This review summarizes the current knowledge of platelet alterations observed in the context of COVID-19 and their impact upon disease pathobiology.

Prominent rash and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in a 29-year-old patient with COVID-19: a case report

Background Adult patients with coronavirus disease present primarily with respiratory symptoms, but children and some adults may display a more systemic inflammatory syndrome with rash, fever, mucosal changes, and elevated inflammatory biomarkers. Case presentation Here, we report the case of a 29-year-old Hispanic patient presenting with significant rash and multisystem inflammation. We describe his clinical course, review dermatological manifestations of coronavirus disease, and summarize the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease-associated multisystem inflammation. Conclusion This case should alert physicians to the atypical nature of presenting rash with minimal respiratory symptoms in coronavirus disease.

Molecular and Clinical Aspects of Chronic Manifestations in Chagas Disease: A State-of-the-Art Review

Chronic manifestations of Chagas disease present as disabling and life-threatening conditions affecting mainly the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. Although meaningful research has outlined the different molecular mechanisms underlying Trypanosoma cruzi’s infection and the host-parasite interactions that follow, prompt diagnosis and treatment remain a challenge, particularly in developing countries and also in those where the disease is considered non-endemic. This review intends to present an up-to-date review of the parasite’s life cycle, genetic diversity, virulence factors, and infective mechanisms, as well as the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options of the main chronic complications of Chagas disease.

CORRELATION BETWEEN C- REACTIVE PROTEIN AND LIPID ABNORMALITIES IN SUBJECTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE

Cerebrovascular accident, which has considerable mortality and morbidity,deservesattention towards its prevention. The first lines of defense in stroke prevention are detecting and adequately treating manageable risk factors, C-Reactive protein, an acute phase reactant is an indicator ofunderlying systemic inflammation and a novel marker for atherothrombotic disease. Present study is an attempt to study the levels of C-Reactive protein in acute thromboembolic stroke and to correlate between serum C Reactive protein levels and lipid profile in acute ischemic stroke.

Timely and early respiratory rehabilitation in patients with covid 19 pneumonia in a referral hospital

SARS-CoV-2 is a beta-coronavirus of the same subgenus as SARS and MERS viruses, they share the same gene binding receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2). (1) The spectrum of disease severity is varied, with the mild form being the most frequent (81%), and severe disease present in 14% of cases, with critical presentation being present in 5%, with a mortality of 2.3%.(2) The post-pneumonia respiratory sequela caused by beta-Coronaviruses is diffuse alveolar damage with fibrotic lesions; the pathophysiological mechanism is multifactorial, which involves activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)(3), IL1, IL6, MCP1 and TNF-α secondary to epithelial injury and subsequent inflammation. In addition, exposure to high O2 concentrations and effects of barotrauma, caused by advanced oxygen/ventilatory support, activate the pro-fibrotic TGF-β pathway, resulting in aberrant repair characterized by exaggerated deposition of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and collagen. Forty-seven percent and 25% of patients who survive moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia have decreased carbon monoxide diffusion and predicted total lung capacity, respectively. (4)

A case of the Morgagni-Adams-Stokes'a symptom complex

Cases of the Morgagni-Adams-Stokes symptom complex are of interest in three respects: firstly, this disease is far from common and has not yet been sufficiently studied (for example, over the past 10 years, the Faculty Therapeutic Clinic of Kazan University had only three cases of this disease); secondly, sometimes, as was the case in our case, patients with this disease present very interesting phenomena from the heart, found during auscultation of the heart, especially direct, that is, auscultation with the ear without a stethoscope; thirdly, finally, the cases of the Morgagni-Adams-Stokes'a symptom complex are interesting because of the instructive picture given by the latest research methods used in cardiology in this disease, namely, sphygmophlebography and especially electrocardio diagnostics. The latter, in cases of the cardiogenic type of the named disease, makes it possible to make a very accurate anatomical diagnosis with confidence.