Recurrent pyoderma and its underlying primary diseases: a retrospective evaluation of 157 dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 (15) ◽  
pp. 434-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Seckerdieck ◽  
Ralf S Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Retrospective Evaluation ◽  
Hospital Records ◽  
Flea Infestation ◽  
Primary Disease ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Work Up

Bacterial pyoderma is common in small animal practice. Usually there is an associated underlying disease, but little is known about the prevalence of underlying diseases in dogs with recurrent pyoderma. The aim of this study was to analyse the frequency of the different underlying diseases in dogs with recurrent pyoderma. In total, 157 animals with recurrent pyoderma were identified in hospital records from 2008 to 2013 and the data analysed for primary diseases. The time between recurrences, the type of clinical signs and the age at pyoderma onset were also evaluated. At least one primary disease was found in 107 dogs. Allergies were the primary cause in 63 dogs, environmental allergy was the most frequent (n=45) and was often associated with other allergies, followed by hypothyroidism (n=12) and hyperadrenocorticism (n=6). Sixteen dogs with recurrent pyoderma suffered from demodicosis. In young dogs with recurrent pyoderma an allergy work-up combined with deep skin scrapings should lead to a diagnosis of the underlying disease in most of the cases. In dogs in which pyoderma began in middle or old age, hormonal testing and ruling out a possible flea infestation should be the first steps.

Clinical Signs, Clinicopathological Findings, Etiology, and Outcome Associated With Hemoptysis in Dogs: 36 Cases (1990–1999)

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan L. Bailiff ◽  
Carol R. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Initial Visit ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Clinicopathological Findings ◽  
Heartworm Disease ◽  
Underlying Diseases

Hemoptysis, the expectoration of blood or bloody mucus from the respiratory tract at or below the larynx, was retrospectively evaluated in 36 dogs. Cough, tachypnea, and dyspnea were common historical and physical examination signs. Anemia was documented in 11 dogs, but was severe in only one dog. Other clinicopathological findings reflected the underlying diseases. All thoracic radiographs obtained were abnormal; alveolar and interstitial patterns were most common. Diseases predisposing to hemoptysis included bacterial bronchopneumonia (n=7), neoplasia (n=5), trauma (n=5), immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (n=4), heartworm disease (n=4), rodenticide poisoning (n=3), lung-lobe torsion (n=1), left-sided congestive heart failure (n=1), pulmonary hypertension (n=1), and foreign-body pneumonia (n=1). Four additional dogs had more than one underlying disease process. Nine dogs were either euthanized or died in the hospital during the initial visit. While at least half of the 27 dogs discharged went on to completely recover, five dogs discharged were known to have either died or been euthanized as a result of their disease in <6 months.

scholarly journals Detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii in Hospitalized Children Less Than 3 Years of Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Estelle Menu ◽  
Jean-Sélim Driouich ◽  
Léa Luciani ◽  
Aurélie Morand ◽  
Stéphane Ranque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Pneumocystis Pneumonia ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Respiratory Sample ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Underlying Diseases

Few data are available in the literature regarding Pneumocystis jirovecii infection in children under 3 years old. This retrospective cohort study aimed to describe medically relevant information among them. All children under 3 years old treated in the same medical units from April 2014 to August 2020 and in whom a P. jirovecii evaluation was undertaken were enrolled in the study. A positive case was defined as a child presenting at least one positive PCR for P. jirovecii in a respiratory sample. Medically relevant information such as demographical characteristics, clinical presentation, microbiological co-infections, and treatments were collected. The objectives were to describe the characteristics of these children with P. jirovecii colonization/infection to determine the key underlying diseases and risk factors, and to identify viral respiratory pathogens associated. The PCR was positive for P. jirovecii in 32 children. Cardiopulmonary pathologies (21.9%) were the most common underlying disease in them, followed by severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) (18.8%), hyaline membrane disease (15.6%), asthma (9.4%) and acute leukaemia (6.3%). All SCID children were diagnosed with pneumocystis pneumonia. Co-infection with Pj/Rhinovirus (34.4%) was not significant. Overall mortality was 18.8%. Paediatric pneumocystis is not restricted to patients with HIV or SCID and should be considered in pneumonia in children under 3 years old.

scholarly journals Paediatric Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH)—A Review

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 632
Author(s):  
Andrew Malem ◽  
Twishaa Sheth ◽  
Brinda Muthusamy
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Disease Aetiology ◽  
Sight Loss ◽  
Chronic Headaches ◽  
Work Up

Paediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), is a rare but important differential diagnosis in children presenting with papilloedema. It is characterised by raised intracranial pressure in the absence of an identifiable secondary structural or systemic cause and is, therefore, a diagnosis of exclusion. In the adult population, there is a strong predilection for the disease to occur in female patients who are obese. This association is also seen in paediatric patients with IIH but primarily in the post-pubertal cohort. In younger pre-pubertal children, this is not the case, possibly reflecting a different underlying disease aetiology and pathogenesis. Untreated IIH in children can cause significant morbidity from sight loss, chronic headaches, and the psychological effects of ongoing regular hospital monitoring, interventions, and medication. The ultimate goal in the management of paediatric IIH is to protect the optic nerve from papilloedema-induced optic neuropathy and thus preserve vision, whilst reducing the morbidity from other symptoms of IIH, in particular chronic headaches. In this review, we will outline the typical work-up and diagnostic process for paediatric patients with suspected IIH and how we manage these patients.

Serum cobalamin concentrations and small intestinal ultrasound changes in 75 cats with clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease: a retrospective study

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C Jugan ◽  
John R August
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Small Intestinal

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate ultrasonographic changes in the small intestine of cats with clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease and low or low–normal serum cobalamin concentrations. Methods Records for client-owned cats presenting to the small animal hospital with signs of gastrointestinal disease and in which serum cobalamin concentrations were measured from 2000–2013 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were cobalamin concentrations <500 ng/l, abdominal ultrasound within 1 month of cobalamin testing and definitive diagnosis. Results Of 751 serum cobalamin measurements, hypocobalaminemia or low–normal cobalamin was identified in 270 cats, abdominal ultrasound was performed in 207 of those cats and a diagnosis was available for 75 of them. Small intestinal ultrasound changes were detected in 49/75 (65%) cats. Abnormalities included thickening, loss of wall layer definition, echogenicity alterations and discrete masses. Serum cobalamin concentrations <500 ng/l were observed with diagnoses of inflammatory disease, neoplasia, infectious disease and normal histopathology. Cobalamin concentration was significantly lower in cats with lymphoma or inflammatory bowel disease compared with other gastrointestinal neoplasia ( P = 0.031). No difference was found between cobalamin concentration and the presence of ultrasound abnormalities, specific ultrasound changes or albumin concentration. Conclusions and relevance One-third of symptomatic cats with hypocobalaminemia or low–normal cobalamin concentrations may have an ultrasonographically normal small intestine. For the majority of cats in this study, histopathologic abnormalities were observed in the small intestine, regardless of ultrasound changes. These findings suggest gastrointestinal disease should not be excluded based on low–normal cobalamin concentrations, even with a concurrent normal ultrasound examination. Additional studies are needed in cats with low–normal serum cobalamin concentrations, as a definitive diagnosis was not pursued consistently in those cats. However, data from this study suggest that careful monitoring, histopathologic evaluation and future cobalamin supplementation may be warranted.

Animal models of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: optimal choices for the best outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Huang ◽  
Fengyan Zhao ◽  
Yi Qu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Large Animal Models ◽  
Neurological Research ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy

AbstractHypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), a serious disease leading to neonatal death, is becoming a key area of pediatric neurological research. Despite remarkable advances in the understanding of HIE, the explicit pathogenesis of HIE is unclear, and well-established treatments are absent. Animal models are usually considered as the first step in the exploration of the underlying disease and in evaluating promising therapeutic interventions. Various animal models of HIE have been developed with distinct characteristics, and it is important to choose an appropriate animal model according to the experimental objectives. Generally, small animal models may be more suitable for exploring the mechanisms of HIE, whereas large animal models are better for translational studies. This review focuses on the features of commonly used HIE animal models with respect to their modeling strategies, merits, and shortcomings, and associated neuropathological changes, providing a comprehensive reference for improving existing animal models and developing new animal models.

scholarly journals Retrospective analysis of pleural effusion in cats

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1102-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla König ◽  
Katrin Hartmann ◽  
Ralf S Mueller ◽  
Gerhard Wess ◽  
Bianka S Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Lower Protein

Objectives Pleural effusion is a common presenting cause for feline patients in small animal practice. The objectives of this study were to identify possible correlations between the aetiology of effusion and clinical and laboratory findings. Methods In this retrospective study of 306 cats diagnosed with pleural effusion of established aetiology, cats were divided into six major groups: cardiac disease (CD), feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), neoplasia, pyothorax, chylothorax and miscellaneous. Clinical, laboratory and radiographic parameters were compared between groups. Results CD was the most common aetiology (35.3%), followed by neoplasia (30.7%), pyothorax (8.8%), FIP (8.5%), chylothorax (4.6%) and miscellaneous diseases (3.7%). In 26 (8.5%) cats, more than one underlying disease was diagnosed as a possible aetiology for pleural effusion. Cats with FIP were significantly younger than those with CD ( P <0.001) and neoplasia ( P <0.001). Cats with CD were presented with a significantly lower body temperature compared with cats with FIP ( P = 0.022). Cats with CD had significantly higher serum alanine aminotransferase activity compared with all other cats (FIP and pyothorax, P <0.001; neoplasia and chylothorax, P = 0.02) and serum alkaline phosphatase activity compared with the pyothorax ( P <0.001) and FIP groups ( P = 0.04), and significantly lower protein concentrations (FIP, pyothorax and neoplasia, P <0.001; chylothorax, P = 0.04) and nucleated cell counts in the effusion than all other groups (pyothorax and neoplasia, P <0.001; chylothorax, P = 0.02; FIP, P = 0.04). The glucose level in the effusion of cats with pyothorax was significantly lower than glucose levels in patients with CD, neoplasia and chylothorax ( P <0.001). Of 249 cats with a follow-up of at least 10 days, 55.8% died or were euthanased during that time. Conclusions and relevance CD and neoplasia were the most common causes for feline pleural effusion. Age, liver enzymes, as well as cell count, protein and glucose levels in the effusion can aid in the investigation of underlying aetiologies.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of selamectin of flea infestation in dags

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
S. SOTIRAKI (Σ. ΣΩΤΗΡΑΚΗ) ◽  
C. HIMONAS (Χ. ΧΕΙΜΩΝΑΣ) ◽  
P. DEBOUCK ◽  
G. BITSAS (Γ. ΜΠΙΤΖΑΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Flea Infestation ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Monthly Dose ◽  
Adult Flea

The study was conducted at three dog shekers in Thessaloniki Greece, το confirm die efficacy and safety of selamectin aτ a minimum dosage of 6 mg/kg adminisτered topically as a monthly dose repeaτed three times in die treatment of natural i n f l a t i o n s of Ctenocephalides spp. Twenty (20) dogs, with confirmed naturally acquired flea inflations, were enrolled in die sttidy as primary patiems. All animals completed the study on day 90. Twenty-two in cornai dogs were also treated but not evaluated for efficacy (secondary patiems). There was no untreated group. Only one live adult flea was recovered on only one animal on study day 30, a reduction of die geomettical mean of 99.7 % (p < 0.0001) compared to the sτarτ of die study. Dead fleas were found on 3 animals aτ day 30 (1 or 2 per animal). No live or dead fleas were found on day 60 or on day 90. Ατ sttidy beginning on Day 0, seventy percem of sttidy animals had various clinical signs of flea inflation. These signs gradually decreased and by die end of die sttidy on day 90, only one animal remained widi a score of 1, indicating a low imensity in a single area of die body. All odier animals were free of clinical signs. No abnormal clinical signs or suspend adverse drug reactions were observed after treatment of die 20 primary or die 22 secondary patiems. The daτa collected confirm that under field conditions diree consecutive mondily doses of selamectin are highly effective and safe in die treatment and comrol of fleas in dogs.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and anosmia: The story so far

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110489
Author(s):  
Xiangming Meng ◽  
Yuandan Pan
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Olfactory Testing ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Smoking Behaviors ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Underlying Diseases

Objectives The pandemic has affected over 182 million coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases worldwide. Accumulated evidence indicates that anosmia is one of the significant characteristics of COVID-19 with a high prevalence. However, many aspects of COVID-19-induced anosmia are still far from being fully understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent developments in COVID-19-induced anosmia to increase awareness of the condition. Methods A literature search was carried out using the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. We reviewed the latest literature on COVID-19-induced anosmia, including mechanisms of pathogenesis, olfactory testing, anosmia as predictive tool, pathological examinations, imaging findings, affected factors, co-existing diseases, treatments, prognosis, hypothesis theories, and future directions. Results The possible pathogenesis of COVID-19-induced anosmia may involve inflammation of the olfactory clefts and damage to the olfactory epithelium or olfactory central nervous system by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The D614G spike variant may also play a role in the increased number of anosmia patients. Anosmia may also be an essential indicator of COVID-19 spread and an early indicator of the effectiveness of political decisions. The occurrence and development of COVID-19-induced anosmia may be influenced by smoking behaviors and underlying diseases such as type 2 diabetes, gastroesophageal disorders, and rhinitis. Most patients with COVID-19-induced anosmia can fully or partially recover their olfactory function for varying durations. COVID-19-induced anosmia can be treated with various approaches such as glucocorticoids and olfactory training. Conclusion Anosmia is one of the main features of COVID-19 and the underlying disease of the patient may also influence its occurrence and development. The possible pathogenesis of COVID-19-induced anosmia is very complicated, which may involve inflammation of the olfactory clefts and damage to the olfactory epithelium or olfactory central nervous system.

scholarly journals Androgenic alopecia in post-menopausal female: a clinical presentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 2157
Author(s):  
Kirty Nahar ◽  
Usha Bohra ◽  
Vivek Arya
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Androgenic Alopecia ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Significant Regression ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Work Up

Androgenic alopecia is a patterned hair loss occurring due to systemic androgens and genetic factors. It is the most common cause of hair loss in both genders. The appearance of this condition is the cause of significant stress and psychological problems, making appropriate management important. A 68-year-old postmenopausal female presented with complaints of increased hair loss from scalp, excessive hair growth at undesired sites and hirsutism not corrected with medications. On thorough investigations, CT scan whole abdomen and endocrinological workup, a clinical diagnosis of alopecia and hirsutism due to hyperandrogenemia secondary to ovarian tumor made. Abdominal hysterectomy with B/L salpingo-oophorectomy was done. Histopathological examination revealed an encapsulated tumor in right ovary-sex cord stromal tumor consistent with Leydig cell tumor in right ovary, no evidence of malignancy. Left ovary was normal. Patient showed significant regression of clinical signs and symptoms on follow up after 1 month. All women with severe hirsutism or androgenic alopecia needs further work up to locate the source of androgen over production.

scholarly journals Clinical Evidence of Lyme Disease in Dogs and Disease Awareness Among Students and Veterinarians in Veracruz, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Paola Boria-Gamboa ◽  
José Alfredo Villagómez-Cortés ◽  
David Itzcoatl Martínez-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Veterinary Students ◽  
Disease Awareness ◽  
Veterinary Curriculum

Background: Lyme disease is a relatively new and zoonotic canine pathology mostly unknown by people involved in the management and care of dogs.  Objective: to assess the knowledge about Lyme disease by veterinarians and veterinary students in Veracruz, Mexico. Methodology: three questionnaires were designed and applied to 290 individuals (40 small animal veterinarians, 50 in other professional practice and 200 veterinary students). Results and discussion: in general, the three groups were unaware about the disease, although there is a high interest in learning about this problem. Graduates from seven universities included in this study stated that Lyme disease was not part of the veterinary curriculum in their schools. Five clinical cases suggestive of Lyme disease occurring in dogs in the area were detected at the time of this research. Conclusion: although the presence of the agent causing Lyme disease has not been demonstrated in the studied area due to the lack of laboratory support and the apparent absence of the vector, it cannot be ruled out; furthermore, it is important that veterinary practitioners and student alike be aware of the potential presence of Lyme disease, paying particular attention to differential diagnosis when resembling clinical signs are observed.

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