Validity of the SC-StepMX pedometer during treadmill walking and running

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel C. Colley ◽  
Joel D. Barnes ◽  
Allana G. Leblanc ◽  
Michael Borghese ◽  
Charles Boyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Measurement Bias ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Activity Monitors ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Mean Absolute Percent Error ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Absolute Percent Error

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the SC-StepMX pedometer for measuring step counts. A convenience sample of 40 participants wore 4 SC-StepMX pedometers, 2 Yamax DigiWalker pedometers, and 2 Actical accelerometers around their waist on a treadmill at 4 speeds based on each participant's self-paced walking speed (50%, 100%, 180%, and 250%; range: 1.4–14.1 km·h–1). The SC-StepMX demonstrated lower mean absolute percent error (–0.2%) compared with the Yamax DigiWalker (–20.5%) and the Actical (–26.1%). Mean measurement bias was lower for the SC-StepMX (0.1 ± 9.1; 95% confidence interval = –17.8 to 18.0 steps·min–1) when compared with both the Yamax DigiWalker (–15.9 ± 23.3; 95% confidence interval = –61.6 to 29.7 steps·min–1) and the Actical (–22.0 ± 36.3; 95% CI = –93.1 to 49.1 steps·min–1). This study demonstrates that the SC-StepMX pedometer is a valid tool for the measurement of step counts. The SC-StepMX accurately measures step counts at slower walking speeds when compared with 2 other commercially available activity monitors. This makes the SC-StepMX useful in measuring step counts in populations that are active at lower intensities (e.g., sedentary individuals, the elderly).

Validation of the Kenz Lifecorder EX and ActiGraph GT1M accelerometers for walking and running in adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1155-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Abel ◽  
James C. Hannon ◽  
Katie Sell ◽  
Tia Lillie ◽  
Geri Conlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Activity Monitors ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Equation Analysis ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Activity Energy

Accelerometer-based activity monitors are commonly used by researchers and clinicians to assess physical activity. Recently, the Kenz Lifecorder EX (KL) and ActiGraph GT1M (AG) accelerometers have been made commercially available, but there is limited research on the validity of these devices. Therefore, we sought to validate step count, activity energy expenditure (EE), and total EE output from the KL and AG during treadmill walking and running. Ten male and 10 female participants performed 10 min treadmill walking and running trials, at speeds of 54, 80, 107, 134, 161, and 188 m·min–1. Step counts were hand tallied by 2 observers, and indirect calorimetry was used to validate the accelerometers’ estimates of EE. AG total EE was calculated using the Freedson equation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson’s correlations were used to analyze the data. At the slowest walking speed, the AG and KL counted 64% ± 15% and 92% ± 6% of the observed steps, respectively. At all other treadmill speeds, both activity monitors undercounted, compared with observed steps, by ≤3%. The KL underestimated activity EE at faster running speeds (p < 0.01), overestimated total EE at some walking speeds, and underestimated total EE at some running speeds (p < 0.01). The Freedson equation inaccurately measured total EE at most walking and running speeds. The KL and the AG are moderately priced accelerometers that provide researchers and clinicians with accurate estimates of step counts and activity EE at most walking and running speeds.

scholarly journals Comprehensive comparison of Apple Watch and Fitbit monitors in a free-living setting

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251975
Author(s):  
Yang Bai ◽  
Connie Tompkins ◽  
Nancy Gell ◽  
Dakota Dione ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Equivalence Testing ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Activity Monitors ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Rate Correlation ◽  
Absolute Percent Error

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of three consumer-based activity monitors, Fitbit Charge 2, Fitbit Alta, and the Apple Watch 2, all worn on the wrist, in estimating step counts, moderate-to-vigorous minutes (MVPA), and heart rate in a free-living setting. Methods Forty-eight participants (31 females, 17 males; ages 18–59) were asked to wear the three consumer-based monitors mentioned above on the wrist, concurrently with a Yamax pedometer as the criterion for step count, an ActiGraph GT3X+ (ActiGraph) for MVPA, and a Polar H7 chest strap for heart rate. Participants wore the monitors for a 24-hour free-living condition without changing their usual active routine. MVPA was calculated in bouts of ≥10 minutes. Pearson correlation, mean absolute percent error (MAPE), and equivalence testing were used to evaluate the measurement agreement. Results The average step counts recorded for each device were as follows: 11,734 (Charge2), 11,922 (Alta), 11,550 (Apple2), and 10,906 (Yamax). The correlations in steps for the above monitors ranged from 0.84 to 0.95 and MAPE ranged from 17.1% to 35.5%. For MVPA minutes, the average were 76.3 (Charge2), 63.3 (Alta), 49.5 (Apple2), and 47.8 (ActiGraph) minutes accumulated in bouts of 10 or greater minutes. The correlation from MVPA estimation for above monitors were 0.77, 0.91, and 0.66. MAPE from MVPA estimation ranged from 44.7% to 55.4% compared to ActiGraph. For heart rate, correlation for Charge2 and Apple2 was higher for sedentary behavior and lower for MVPA. The MAPE ranged from 4% to 16%. Conclusion All three consumer monitors estimated step counts fairly accurately, and both the Charge2 and Apple2 reported reasonable heart rate estimation. However, all monitors substantially underestimated MVPA in free-living settings.

Validity of Pedometers to Measure Step Counts During Dance

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1430-1435
Author(s):  
Tiago V. Barreira ◽  
John P. Bennett ◽  
Minsoo Kang
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Dance Class ◽  
Percent Error ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Mean Absolute Percent Error ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Absolute Percent Error

Purpose:To obtain validity evidence for the measurement of step counts by spring-levered and piezoelectric pedometers during dance.Methods:Thirty-five adults in a college dance class participated in this study. Participants completed trials of 3- and 5-min of different styles of dance wearing Walk4life MVP and Omron HJ-303 pedometers, while their steps were visually counted. Pearson correlation, paired t-test, mean absolute percent error (MAPE), and mean bias were calculated between actual step and pedometer step counts for the 3- and 5-min dances separately.Results:For the Walk4life trials the correlations were .92 and .77 for the 3- and 5-min dances. No significant differences were shown by t-test for the 3- (P = .16) and 5-min dances (P = .60). However, MAPE was high, 17.7 ± 17.7% and 19.4 ± 18.3% for the 2 dance durations, respectively. For the Omron, the correlations were .44 and .58 for the 3- and 5-min dances, respectively. No significant differences were shown by t-test for the 3-min (P = .38) and for the 5-min (P = .88) dances. However, MAPE was high, 19.3 ± 16.4% and 26.6 ± 15.2% for the 2 dance durations, respectively.Conclusions:This study demonstrated that pedometers can be used to estimate the number of steps taken by a group of college students while dancing, however caution is necessary with individual values.

Stepping After Stroke: Walking Characteristics in People With Chronic Stroke Differ on the Basis of Walking Speed, Walking Endurance, and Daily Steps

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 807-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reed Handlery ◽  
George Fulk ◽  
Christine Pellegrini ◽  
Jill Campbell Stewart ◽  
Courtney Monroe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Activity Monitoring ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
6 Minute Walk Test ◽  
Walking Endurance

Abstract Background What contributes to free-living walking after stroke is poorly understood. Studying the characteristics of walking may provide further details that guide interventions. Objective The objectives of this study were to examine how the walking characteristics of bouts per day, median steps per bout, maximum steps per bout, and time spent walking differ in individuals with various walking speeds, walking endurance, and daily steps and to identify cutoffs for differentiating ambulators who were active versus inactive. Design This study involved a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Locomotor Experience Applied Post-Stroke trial. Methods Participants were categorized by walking speed, walking endurance (via the 6-minute walk test), and daily steps (via 2 consecutive days of objective activity monitoring). Differences in walking characteristics were assessed. Linear regression determined which characteristics predicted daily step counts. Receiver operating characteristic curves and areas under the curve were used to determine which variable was most accurate in classifying individuals who were active (≥5500 daily steps). Results This study included 252 participants with chronic stroke. Regardless of categorization by walking speed, walking endurance, or daily steps, household ambulators had significantly fewer bouts per day, steps per bout, and maximum steps per bout and spent less time walking compared with community ambulators. The areas under the curve for maximum steps per bout and bouts per day were 0.91 (95% confidence interval = 0.88 to 0.95) and 0.83 (95% confidence interval = 0.78 to 0.88), respectively, with cutoffs of 648 steps and 53 bouts being used to differentiate active and inactive ambulation. Limitations Activity monitoring occurred for only 2 days. Conclusions Walking characteristics differed based on walking speed, walking endurance, and daily steps. Differences in daily steps between household and community ambulators were largely due to shorter and fewer walking bouts. Assessing and targeting walking bouts may prove useful for increasing stepping after stroke.

scholarly journals Use of consumer monitors for estimating energy expenditure in youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel R. LaMunion ◽  
Andrew L. Blythe ◽  
Paul R. Hibbing ◽  
Andrew S. Kaplan ◽  
Brandon J. Clendenin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Left Wrist ◽  
Activity Monitors ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Mean Absolute Percent Error ◽  
Physical Activity Monitors ◽  
The Right ◽  
Absolute Percent Error

The purpose of this study was to compare energy expenditure (EE) estimates from 5 consumer physical activity monitors (PAMs) to indirect calorimetry in a sample of youth. Eighty-nine youth (mean (SD); age, 12.3 (3.4) years; 50% female) performed 16 semi-structured activities. Activities were performed in duplicate across 2 visits. Participants wore a Cosmed K4b2(criterion for EE), an Apple Watch 2 (left wrist), Mymo Tracker (right hip), and Misfit Shine 2 devices (right hip; right shoe). Participants were randomized to wear a Samsung Gear Fit 2 or a Fitbit Charge 2 on the right wrist. Oxygen consumption was converted to EE by subtracting estimated basal EE (Schofield’s equation) from the measured gross EE. EE from each visit was summed across the 2 visit days for comparison with the total EE recorded from the PAMs. All consumer PAMs estimated gross EE, except for the Apple Watch 2 (net Active EE). Paired t tests were used to assess differences between estimated (PAM) and measured (K4b2) EE. Mean absolute percent error (MAPE) was used to assess individual-level error. The Mymo Tracker was not significantly different from measured EE and was within 15.9 kcal of measured kilocalories (p = 0.764). Mean percent errors ranged from 3.5% (Mymo Tracker) to 48.2% (Apple Watch 2). MAPE ranged from 16.8% (Misfit Shine 2 – right hip) to 49.9% (Mymo Tracker).Novelty Only the Mymo Tracker was not significantly different from measured EE but had the greatest individual error. The Misfit Shine 2 – right hip had the lowest individual error. Caution is warranted when using consumer PAMs in youth for tracking EE.

scholarly journals Myofascial Release of the Hamstrings Improves Physical Performance—A Study of Young Adults

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 674
Author(s):  
Keisuke Itotani ◽  
Kanta Kawahata ◽  
Wakana Takashima ◽  
Wakana Mita ◽  
Hitomi Minematsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Myofascial Release ◽  
Functional Reach Test ◽  
Hamstring Flexibility ◽  
Walking Speeds

Physical performance is mainly assessed in terms of gait speed, chair rise capacity, and balance skills, and assessments are often carried out on the lower limbs. Such physical performance is largely influenced by the strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles. Flexibility of the hamstrings is important because quadriceps muscle activity influences the hip flexion angle. Therefore, hamstring flexibility is essential to improve physical performance. In this study, Myofascial Release (MFR) was applied to the hamstrings to evaluate its effects. MFR on the hamstrings was performed on 17 young adults. Physical function and physical performance were measured before, immediately after, and 5 days after the MFR intervention: finger floor distance (FFD), range of motion (ROM) of the straight leg raising test (SLR), standing long jump (SLJ), squat jump (SJ), functional reach test (FRT), comfortable walking speeds (C-walking speed), and maximum walking speeds (M-walking speed). The results of the analysis show a significant increase in FFD (−2.6 ± 8.9 vs. 0.4 ± 9.4 vs. 2.4 ± 8.9, p < 0.01), SLJ (185.6 ± 44.5 vs. 185.0 ± 41.8 vs. 196.6 ± 40.1, p < 0.01), and M-walking speed (2.9 ± 0.6 vs. 3.0 ± 0.6 vs. 3.3 ± 0.6, p < 0.01). This study has shown that MFR for hamstrings not only improves flexibility but also increases M-walking speed and physical performance of the SLJ. As MFR is safe and does not involve joint movement, it may be useful for maintaining and improving performance and flexibility during inactivity and for stretching before exercise.

scholarly journals Orthostatic Hypotension and Falls in Hospitalized Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 105477382098668
Author(s):  
Kathleen Schell ◽  
Denise Lyons ◽  
Barry Bodt
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Orthostatic Hypotension ◽  
Electronic Medical Records ◽  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Hospitalized Older Adults

The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of orthostatic hypotension (OH) among a convenience sample of older adults on two Acute Care of the Elderly (ACE) units of the ChristianaCare™ in Delaware. Another aim was to determine if subjects with documented OH experienced falls. Retrospective de-identified data was obtained from electronic medical records for the years 2015 to 2018. Among all patients who had valid first orthostatic vital sign (OVS) readings ( n = 7,745), 39.2% had orthostatic hypotension on the first reading. Among the patients, 42.8% were found to be hypotensive during OVS. Thirty-one (0.9%) of those with OH fell at some point during their stay. The odds ratio for falls in the presence of OH was 1.34 with a 95% confidence interval (0.82, 2.21), but a chi-square test failed to find significance ( p = .2494). The results could not determine if OVS should be mandatory in fall prevention protocols.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Small Molecule Combinations against Respiratory Syncytial Virus In Vitro

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2607
Author(s):  
Yuzhen Gao ◽  
Jingjing Cao ◽  
Pan Xing ◽  
Ralf Altmeyer ◽  
Youming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Fusion Inhibitors ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major pathogen that causes severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants, the elderly and the immunocompromised worldwide. At present no approved specific drugs or vaccines are available to treat this pathogen. Recently, several promising candidates targeting RSV entry and multiplication steps are under investigation. However, it is possible to lead to drug resistance under the long-term treatment. Therapeutic combinations constitute an alternative to prevent resistance and reduce antiviral doses. Therefore, we tested in vitro two-drug combinations of fusion inhibitors (GS5806, Ziresovir and BMS433771) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex (RdRp) inhibitors (ALS8176, RSV604, and Cyclopamine). The statistical program MacSynergy II was employed to determine synergism, additivity or antagonism between drugs. From the result, we found that combinations of ALS8176 and Ziresovir or GS5806 exhibit additive effects against RSV in vitro, with interaction volume of 50 µM2% and 31 µM2% at 95% confidence interval, respectively. On the other hand, all combinations between fusion inhibitors showed antagonistic effects against RSV in vitro, with volume of antagonism ranging from −50 µM2 % to −176 µM2 % at 95% confidence interval. Over all, our results suggest the potentially therapeutic combinations in combating RSV in vitro could be considered for further animal and clinical evaluations.

scholarly journals Human Nonmercaptalbumin Is a New Biomarker of Motor Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2464
Author(s):  
Sadayuki Ito ◽  
Hiroaki Nakashima ◽  
Kei Ando ◽  
Kazuyoshi Kobayashi ◽  
Masaaki Machino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Locomotive Syndrome ◽  
Reduced Mobility

The ratio of human nonmercaptalbumin (HNA) and reduced albumin (HMA) may be a new marker for oxidative stress. Locomotive syndrome (LS) is reduced mobility due to impairment of locomotive organs. We investigated whether the HNA/HMA ratio could be a new biomarker of LS. This study included 306 subjects (mean age 64.24 ± 10.4 years) who underwent LS tests, grip strength, walking speed, and tests for HNA and HMA. Oxidative stress was measured by the ratio of HMA (f(HMA) = (HMA/(HMA + HNA) × 100)), and the subjects were divided into normal (N group; f[HMA] ≥ 70%) and low (L group; f[HMA] < 70%) groups. There were 124 non-elderly (<65 years) and 182 elderly subjects (≥65 years). There were no significant differences in LS, grip strength, and walking speed between the L and N groups in the non-elderly subjects. However, significant differences were found in the elderly subjects. In logistic regression analysis, there was an association between f(HMA) and the LS severity at older ages. LS in the elderly is associated with a decline in HMA and, thus, an increase in oxidative stress. Thus, f(HMA) is a new biomarker of LS.

scholarly journals Willingness to Participate in Vaccine-Related Clinical Trials among Older Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divyanshu Raheja ◽  
Evelyn Davila ◽  
Eric Johnson ◽  
Rijalda Deović ◽  
Michele Paine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Research Findings

The purpose of this study is to understand among a convenience sample of 400 adults aged 60 years of age or older (1) reasons for being willing or unwilling to participate in a vaccine clinical research study and (2) overall perceptions about vaccine clinical research. A cross-sectional study using a sample of older adults residing in the metro-Atlanta area and surrounding neighborhoods was conducted. The study questionnaire contained 37 questions, including questions about socio-demographics and perceptions about clinical trial processes. Statistical analysis was conducted using logistic regression. The adjusted modeling results indicated that sex, distance to research clinic, and being informed about the research findings played a role in the likelihood of an elderly person participating in a vaccine study. Males were more likely to participate in clinical trials as compared to females (OR: 2.486; CI: 1.042–5.934). Most participants were willing to travel up to 25 miles from the research clinic. Of the respondents, 45% were unlikely to participate if the results of the current trial are not shared. Improving access to clinical trials in terms of distance traveled and ensuring streamlined processes to inform participants about the results of the trial in the future would increase willingness to participate in vaccine clinical trials. The survey could serve as a useful tool for conducting vaccine studies and other clinical trials by understanding the barriers specific to the elderly.

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