Genetic variability and phylogeny inferred from random amplified polymorphic DNA data reflect life strategy of entomopathogenic fungi

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1150-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Oborník ◽  
Marek Klíc ◽  
Lukáš Zizka
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Life Strategy ◽  
Verticillium Lecanii ◽  
Paecilomyces Fumosoroseus ◽  
Neighbor Joining

Our analysis of the genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships among the isolates of mitosporic entomopathogenic fungi Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith (10 isolates), Paecilomyces farinosus (Holm ex S.F. Gray) Brown & Smith (3 isolates), Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson (1 isolate), and Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Viegas (6 isolates) was based on the use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Neighbor-joining analysis characterized P. fumosoroseus and V. lecanii as monophyletic taxa. The analysis also supported monophyly of the genus Paecilomyces. We have used the distribution of genetic distances to demonstrate the genetic variability within studied species, in Paecilomyces spp. (Hyphomycetes) and Aschersonia spp. (Coelomycetes) in particular. We conclude that the RAPD-based analysis is useful for the reconstruction of intraspecific and interspecific relationships of the entomopathogenic fungi. Moreover, it can be employed to study the intergeneric relationships, especially in the case of closely related genera of the hyphomycetous entomopathogenic fungi. We propose that RAPD-based phylogeny and genetic variability reflect their life strategy. In our opinion, the mobility of spores represents a factor with major influence on the evolution of these entomopathogenic fungi.Key words: Paecilomyces, Verticillium, Aschersonia, RAPD, phylogeny, genetic variability.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of the Moxotó goat breed using RAPD markers

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rejane Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽  
Andréa Alves do Egito ◽  
Maria Norma Ribeiro ◽  
Samuel Rezende Paiva ◽  
Maria do Socorro Maués Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Goat Breed ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Analysis Of Molecular Variance ◽  
Polymorphic Bands

The objective of this study was to verify the genetic diversity between and within seven populations of Moxotó goat (n = 264) from the States of Pernambuco, Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte, using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Moxotó, as well as other naturalized breeds, suffers genetic losses due to the indiscriminate miscegenation with breeds raised in the Northeast Region of Brazil. The genetic characterization of these genetic resources is essential to conservation and breeding programs. DNA was extracted from lymphocytes using a non-organic protocol. The 16 primers used were selected from 120 decamer oligonucleotide primers and generated 56 polymorphic bands. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the greater part of total genetic variability (71.55%) was due to differences between individuals within populations, while 21.21% was among populations. The analysis of variance among the pairs of populations demonstrated that the populations located in Floresta, PE x Angicos, RN presented a smaller value of intrapopulational differentiation (8.9%), indicating low genetic variability among them. Nei's genetic distances varied between 0.0546 and 0.1868 in the populations. The dendrogram generated showed that the Canindé breed, used as outgroup, clustered with the populations of Moxotó, indicating a possible common origin of the naturalized goat breeds.

Detection of genetic diversity in tea (Camellia sinensis) using RAPD markers

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. N. Wachira ◽  
R. Waugh ◽  
W. Powell ◽  
C. A. Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Tree Crop ◽  
Taxonomic Relationships

Camellia sinensis is a beverage tree crop native to Southeast Asia and introductions have been made into several nonindigenous countries. No systematic assessment of genetic variability in tea has been done anywhere. In this study, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to estimate genetic diversity and taxonomic relationships in 38 clones belonging to the three tea varieties, assamica, sinensis, and assamica ssp. lasiocalyx. Extensive genetic variability was detected between species, which was partitioned into between and within population components. Seventy percent of the variation was detected within populations. Analyses based on band sharing separated the three populations in a manner consistent with both the present taxonomy of tea and with the known pedigrees of some clones. RAPD analysis also discriminated all of the 38 commercial clones, even those which cannot be distinguished on the basis of morphological and phenotypic traits.Key words: genetic diversity, RAPDs, Camellia sinensis.

scholarly journals Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA Analysis for Genetic Characterization of Two Breeds of Dogs, German Shepherd and Japanese Spitz

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Jarina Joshsi ◽  
Lumanti Manandhar ◽  
Patima Shrestha ◽  
Rani Gupta ◽  
Rojlina Manadhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Random Amplification

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study genetic diversity in dog samples belonging to populations of German Shepherd and Japanese Spitz. A total of twelve samples were typed using eight RAPD primers. Out of eight primers, three primers gave result in six individuals of dogs. The phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor joining method based on Nei. Original measures revealed highest genetic identity found in German Shepherd as 0.9444 and highest genetic distance as 1.2809. The analysis predicts the number of polymorphic loci as 15 and the percentage of polymorphic loci as 83.3. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 73-78 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7717

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic diversity among surian Toona sinensis Roem in progenies test using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Jayusman Jayusman ◽  
Muhammad Na’iem ◽  
Sapto Indrioko ◽  
Eko Bhakti Hardiyanto ◽  
ILG Nurcahyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Sampled Data ◽  
Toona Sinensis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Individual Trees

Surian Toona sinensis Roem is one of the most widely planted species in Indonesia. This study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity between a number of surian populations in a progeny test using RAPD markers, with the goal of proposing management strategies for a surian breeding program. Ninety-six individual trees from 8 populations of surian were chosen as samples for analysis. Eleven polymorphic primers (OP-B3, OP-B4, OP-B10, OP-H3, OP-Y6, OP-Y7, OP-Y8, OP-Y10, OP-Y11, OP-Y14, and OP-06) producing reproducible bands were analyzed for the 96 trees, with six trees per family sampled. Data were analyzed using GenAlEx 6.3, NTSYS 2.02. The observed percentage of polymorphic loci ranged from 18.2% to 50%. The mean level of genetic diversity among the surian populations was considered to be moderate (He 0.304). Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into two main clusters, at similarity levels of 0.68 and 0.46. The first two axes of the PCoA explained 46.16% and 25.54% of the total variation, respectively. The grouping of samples into clusters and subclusters did not correspond with family and their distances, but the grouping was in line with the genetic distances of the samples.

The use of RAPD markers to distinguish among juniper and cedar cultivars

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Hsiang ◽  
Junbin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Juniperus Chinensis ◽  
Juniperus Scopulorum ◽  
Close Relatives

Two species of Chamaecyparis and six cultivars each of Juniperus chinensis L. and Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. (Cupressaceae) were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using seven primers. Unweighted pair group method with averages (UPGMA) and principal component analyses of genetic distances between cultivars showed that 42 polymorphic RAPD bands could distinguish among all cultivars and properly group them by species and genera. Where the origin of a specific juniper cultivar is uncertain, analysis of genetic distance can pinpoint close relatives. For example, we were unable to trace the origin of J. chinensis 'Alps', and we initially thought it was a mislabeled J. chinensis 'Blue Alps'. However, we found 'Alps' to be closer to J. chinensis 'Fairview' and 'Mountbatten' than to 'Blue Alps'. Similarly, 'Wichita Blue' has an unknown origin, but it had the highest genetic similarity with 'Medora'.Key words: juniper, cedar, RAPD, cultivars, phylogenetics.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of Pantaneiro horse using RAPD-PCR markers

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Alves do Egito ◽  
Beatriz Helena Fuck ◽  
Concepta McManus ◽  
Samuel Rezende Paiva ◽  
Maria do Socorro Maués Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Jaccard Coefficient ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Genic Diversity ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Blood samples were collected from Pantaneiro Horses in five regions of Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso States. Arabian, Mangalarga Marchador and Thoroughbred were also included to estimate genetic distances and the existing variability among and within these breeds by RAPD-PCR (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA - Polymerase Chain Reaction) molecular markers. From 146 primers, 13 were chosen for amplification and 44 polymorphic bands were generated. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the greatest portion of detected variability was due to differences between individuals within populations (75.47%). Analysis of the genetic variability between pairs of populations presented higher estimates for the five Pantaneiro populations with the Arabian breed, while lowest estimates were presented by pairs formed among the Pantaneiro populations with the Mangalarga Marchador. Highest genic diversity was shown by the Pantaneiro (0.3396), which also showed highest genetic distance with the Arabian and lowest with Mangalarga Marchador breed. UPGMA dendrogram showed distinct differences between naturalized (Pantaneiro and Mangalarga Marchador) and exotic (Arabian and Thoroughbred) breeds. In the dendrogram generated by UPGMA method, the similarity matrix generated by the Jaccard coefficient showed distinction between the naturalised breeds, Pantaneiro and Mangalarga Marchador, and the exotic breeds, Árab and English Thoroughbred. Results suggest that the Pantaneiro presents a higher genetic variability than the other studied breeds and has a close relationship with the Mangalarga Marchador.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of Passiflora spp. from commercial fields in the Federal District, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 996-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Gomes de Castro ◽  
Fábio Gelape Faleiro ◽  
Daniel Diego Costa Carvalho ◽  
Kenia Gracielle da Fonseca ◽  
Marina de Fátima Vilela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Binary Matrix ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Success ◽  
Sour Passion Fruit

This study aimed to characterize the genetic variability in commercial accessions of passion fruit from the Federal District, Brazil, by RAPD markers. Genetic analyses were done with leaf samples of 30 accessions. DNA samples were amplified by RAPD technique, and respective markers converted into a binary matrix, from which the genetic distances between the accessions were estimated. Clustering analyis based on genetic distances allowed to detect a wide range of genetic variabillity among the accessions of sour passion fruit, and to separate them from the two sweet passion fruit. The graphical positioning of 'BRS Ouro Vermelho' confirms its potential to improve the genetic variability of commercial varieties of sour passion fruit. Dispersal of genetic distances among commercial accessions of sour passion fruit supports evidence for different genetic origins of the materials planted in the Federal District. The verified genetic variability indicates the potential success of future breeding programs for this region.

scholarly journals Isozyme and RAPD studies in Prosopis glandulosa and P. Velutina (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Bessega ◽  
Beatriz O. Saidman ◽  
Juan C. Vilardi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Prosopis Glandulosa ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

Allozyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques have been compared for their usefulness for genetic and taxonomic studies in Prosopis glandulosa and P. velutina populations. Isozymes and RAPDs yielded similarly high estimates of genetic variability. Genetic structure and differentiation were analyzed through non-hierarchical Wright's F DT. For all populations considered, both markers produced low gene flow (Nm < 1) estimates. When only P. glandulosa populations were analyzed, isozyme data yielded higher gene flow estimates (Nm > 1), in agreement with that expected for conspecific populations. However, in RAPD data the expected reduction in F DT and the increase in Nm were not observed. Correlation between F DT and geographical distance matrices (Mantel test) for all populations was significant (P = 0.02) when based on isozymes, but not so (P = 0.33) when based on RAPDs. No significant associations among genetic and geographical or climatic variables were observed. Two isoenzyme systems (GOT and PRX) enabled us to distinguish between P. glandulosa and P. velutina, but no diagnostic band for recognition of populations or species studied here were detected by RAPD. However, RAPD markers showed higher values for genetic differentiation among conspecific populations of P. glandulosa and a lower coefficient of variation than those obtained from isozymes.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and phylogeny of the entomopathogenic fungus

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Oborník ◽  
R. Stouthamer ◽  
E. Meekes ◽  
M. Schilthuittzen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
South India ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Genetic Distances

We characterized 23 isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus Aschersonia spp. from Mexico, Brazil, Guyana, Trinidad, Venezuela, Columbia, Florida, Malaysia, Thailand, Japan, Philippines, Java and South India using RAPD markers. The data were used to compute the genetic variability and to reconstruct the phylogeny of the genus Aschersonia. Relative genetic distances varied from 0.018 (between isolates Aa2 and Ap2) to 0.445 (between isolates A1 and At1). In the constructed phylogenetic tree, isolates were clustered according to their geographical origin. We determined partial 26S ribosomal DNA sequences of five Aschersonia isolates (A28, A31, Ai1a, Ai2b – Aschersonia spp.; and Ap1– Aschersonia placenta) and used them for phylogenetic analysis. Three of the tested isolates were not distinguishable. The tree constructed indicated that isolates Ai1a and Ai2b belong to species distinct from A. placenta and A. aleyrodis.

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