Stomatal responses of five woody angiospasms to light intensity and humidity

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1525-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Davies ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Stomatal Opening ◽  
Quercus Macrocarpa ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Cercis Canadensis ◽  
Stomatal Responses ◽  
Opening And Closing

Stomatal responses to changes in light intensity and humidity were studied in green and chlorotic Fraxinus americana, Acer saccharum, Quercus macrocarpa, Citrus mitis, and Cercis canadensis seedlings. Stomatal closure occurred at higher light intensities in Acer than in other species. Transpiration was greater in Fraxinus and Quercus than in Citrus, Acer, or Cercis. Stomata opened faster than they closed in Fraxinus and Quercus and they closed faster than they opened in Citrus. Opening and closing rates were not significantly different from each other in Acer and Cercis. Stomata opened and closed faster in green than in chlorotic plants. In green plants, after a decrease in light intensity, species time to equilibrium of stomatal aperture was related as follows: Citrus < Acer < Quercus = Cercis < Fraxinus; and in chlorotic plants: Citrus < Acer = Quercus = Cercis < Fraxinus. After an increase in light intensity, stomatal opening time in green plants was related as follows: Citrus = Acer < Quercus < Cercis = Fraxinus. Stomatal opening in chlorotic plants was faster in Acer than in the other species, where stomata opened to equilibrium in about the same time. With changes in humidity from 20% to 80%, and the reverse, stomata of Fraxinus and Acer opened faster than they closed. Stomatal response to humidity was faster in Acer than in Fraxinus. Stomatal resistance was affected more by humidity changes at low light intensity (6500 lux) than at high intensity (32 000 lux). Postillumination CO2 bursts from leaves occurred in all species and were greater in green than in chlorotic plants. In both green and chlorotic plants, CO2 bursts varied as follows: Citrus > Quercus = Cercis > Fraxinus = Acer. Physiological responses of stomata are discussed in relation to leaf anatomy and metabolism.

Influence of light intensity, temperature, and leaf area on stomatal aperture and water potential of woody plants

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Pereira ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Diffusion Resistance ◽  
Leaf Resistance ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Temperature Time

Leaf diffusion resistance and shoot water potential of seedlings of six species of woody angiosperms were studied in a 4 × 4 design of crossed gradients of light intensity (1507, 4306, 10 764, and 21 528 lx) and temperature (18, 22.5, 26, and 30 °C). In all species, leaf diffusion resistance generally increased with decreasing light intensity and increasing temperature, but the effects of light intensity were much greater. Highly significant differences on leaf diffusion resistance were found for light intensity, temperature, time of day, and various interactions of these. Shoot water potential of all species decreased with increasing light intensity and temperature. Both leaf resistance and water potential under light and temperature stress varied among species. Despite high leaf resistance under environmental stress, indicating rapid stomatal closure, Acersaccharum with an extensive leaf area developed high shoot water deficits. Stomatal opening and closing in responses to changes in light intensity varied among five species of woody angiosperms but were not consistently correlated with species shade tolerance.

Confirmation of mesophyll signals controlling stomatal responses by a newly devised transplanting method

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Fujita ◽  
Ko Noguchi ◽  
Hiroshi Ozaki ◽  
Ichiro Terashima
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Stomatal Opening ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Low Co2 ◽  
Stomatal Responses ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells ◽  
Molecular Sizes ◽  
Dialysis Membranes ◽  
Ambient Co2

There are opposing views on whether the responses of stomata to environmental stimuli are all autonomous reactions of stomatal guard cells or whether mesophyll is involved in these responses. Transplanting isolated epidermis onto mesophyll is a potent methodology for examining the roles of mesophyll-derived signals in stomatal responses. Here we report on development of a new transplanting method. Leaf segments of Commelina communis L. were pretreated in the light or dark at 10, 39 or 70Pa ambient CO2 for 1h. Then the abaxial epidermises were removed and the epidermal strips prepared from the other leaves kept in the dark at 39Pa CO2, were transplanted onto the mesophyll. After illumination of the transplants for 1h at 39Pa CO2, stomatal apertures were measured. We also examined the molecular sizes of the mesophyll signals by inserting the dialysis membrane permeable to molecules smaller than 100–500Da or 500–1000Da between the epidermis and mesophyll. Mesophyll pretreatments in the light at low CO2 partial pressures accelerated stomatal opening in the transplanted epidermal strips, whereas pretreatments at 70Pa CO2 suppressed stomatal opening. Insertion of these dialysis membranes did not suppress stomatal opening significantly at 10Pa CO2 in the light, whereas insertion of the 100–500Da membrane decelerated stomatal closure at high CO2. It is probable that the mesophyll signals inducing stomatal opening at low CO2 in the light would permeate both membranes, and that those inducing stomatal closure at high CO2 would not permeate the 100–500Da membrane. Possible signal compounds are discussed.

scholarly journals Smart Film Impacts Stomatal Sensitivity of Greenhouse Capsicum Through Altered Light

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Zhao ◽  
Sachin Chavan ◽  
Xin He ◽  
Meixue Zhou ◽  
Christopher I. Cazzonelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
High Tech ◽  
List Type ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Stomatal Responses ◽  
Optical Films ◽  
Intensity Changes

AbstractOptical films that alter light transmittance may reduce energy consumption in high-tech greenhouses, but their impact on crop physiology remains unclear. We compared the stomatal responses of capsicum plants grown hydroponically under control glass (70% diffuse light) or smart glass (SG) film ULR-80, which blocked >99% of ultraviolet light and 19% of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). SG had no significant effects on steady-state (gs) or maximal (gmax) stomatal conductance. In contrast, SG reduced stomatal pore size and sensitivity to exogenous ABA thereby increasing rates of leaf water loss, guard cell K+ and Cl- efflux, and Ca2+ influx. The transition between low (100 μmol m−2 s−1) and high (1500 μmol m−2 s−1) PAR induced faster stomatal closing and opening rates in SG relative to control plants. The fraction of blue light (0% or 10%) did not affect gs, but induced stomatal oscillations in SG plants. Increased expression of stomatal closure and photoreceptor genes in epidermal peels of SG plants is consistent with fast stomatal responses to light changes. In conclusion, light intensity was more critical than spectral quality for optimal stomatal responses of capsicum under SG, and re-engineering of the SG should maximize PAR transmission to maintain a better stomatal development.HighlightsCapsicum plants grown under SG film exhibit decreased stomatal pore area, higher water loss and reduced ABA-sensitivity.SG-grown plants have faster rates of stomatal closing and opening in response to light intensity changes.SG increases efflux of K+ and Cl- and influx of Ca2+ of guard cells.SG upregulated the expression of key genes involved in stomatal regulation and light sensing.

High light intensity stress as the limiting factor in micropropagation of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amritpal S. Singh ◽  
A. Maxwell P. Jones ◽  
Mukund R. Shukla ◽  
Praveen K. Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Intensity Stress

scholarly journals The BIG protein distinguishes the process of CO2 -induced stomatal closure from the inhibition of stomatal opening by CO2

2018 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing He ◽  
Ruo-Xi Zhang ◽  
Kai Peng ◽  
Cecilia Tagliavia ◽  
Siwen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Stomatal Opening

Daily and seasonal changes of water potential in cereals

1976 ◽  
Vol 273 (927) ◽  
pp. 565-580 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop

The paper reports measurements of the water relations of a barley crop (cv. Proctor) and a winter wheat crop (cv. Maris Huntsman), grown on the same site at Sutton Bonington. Throughout the two growing seasons, days were chosen when hourly measurements could be made of leaf water potential, by means of a pressure chamber, and of stomatal resistance, by means of a diffusion porometer. Environmental factors, e.g. radiation, temperature, humidity, were recorded concurrently. Relationships between leaf water potential, stomatal resistance and environmental factors are explored and compared for the two cereals. In particular, as frequent measurements were made over two months, the influence of leaf age on responses to environmental factors can be examined. On selected days with bright sunshine and dry soil the response of both cereals to water stress is analysed with particular reference to the control of evaporation by stomatal closure

Verticillium wilt of chrysanthemum: quantitative relationship between increased stomatal resistance and local vascular dysfunction preceding wilt

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1023-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. MacHardy ◽  
Lloyd V. Busch ◽  
Robert Hall
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat

The relationship between the development of water stress and foliar symptom expression within chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) cuttings infected with Verticillium dahliae Kleb. was examined using relative water content (RWC), diffusive resistance to water vapor loss (stomatal resistance), and dye distribution along water-transport pathways as indicators of water stress. The RWC remained at a normal level until symptoms appeared, but stomatal resistance increased beginning about 8 days before symptoms. Dye movement along xylem elements was uniform within uninoculated checks and also within infected plants until stomatal resistances increased. Veinal dye distribution was incomplete within tissue exhibiting increased stomatal resistances, and the extent of dye interruption was closely aligned to the magnitude of resistance increase. Apparently, stomatal closure effectively prevented tissue desiccation under conditions of high, localized internal water stress, but this mechanism could not prevent tissue from becoming flaccid or wilted when water transport became so limited that water was deficient even within the large veins.

scholarly journals Experimental researches on vegetable assimilation and respiration. XVIII.—The relation between stomatal opening and assimilation.—A critical study of assimilation rates and porometer rates in leaves of Cherry Laurel

1928 ◽  
Vol 102 (720) ◽  
pp. 488-533 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Stomatal Opening ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
Cherry Laurel

In a previous communication it was shown that there is, in Cherry Laurel leaves, at “limiting” concentrations of CO 2 , a marked diurnal rhythm of apparent assimilation. In spite of the maintenance of a constant high light intensity, the assimilation rate falls to very low values during the night but rises again in the morning. At high concentrations of CO 2 , such that light, instead of CO 2 , is limiting the rate, there is no diurnal rhythm, the light limited value of assimilation being steadily maintained for more than 24 hours. There is, in addition to the diurnal rhythm, a seasonal rhythm of assimilation—the pitch or level of the diurnal assimilation curves being higher in November than in July, August and September. Also the level of assimilation, for a given “limiting” concentration of CO 2 , is higher at high light intensity than at low. It was suggested that these variations in assimilation were largely due to variations in stomatal opening. The work on porometer rates and assimilation rates described in the present paper was undertaken in order to test this hypothesis and to explore, as far as was possible by such means, the relation between stomatal opening and assimilation rate.

scholarly journals Protease Inhibitor-Dependent Inhibition of Light-Induced Stomatal Opening

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tenghua Wang ◽  
Wenxiu Ye ◽  
Yin Wang ◽  
Maoxing Zhang ◽  
Yusuke Aihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Stomatal Opening ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Chemical Screening

Stomata in the epidermis of plants play essential roles in the regulation of photosynthesis and transpiration. Stomata open in response to blue light (BL) by phosphorylation-dependent activation of the plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase in guard cells. Under water stress, the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) promotes stomatal closure via the ABA-signaling pathway to reduce water loss. We established a chemical screening method to identify compounds that affect stomatal movements in Commelina benghalensis. We performed chemical screening using a protease inhibitor (PI) library of 130 inhibitors to identify inhibitors of stomatal movement. We discovered 17 PIs that inhibited light-induced stomatal opening by more than 50%. Further analysis of the top three inhibitors (PI1, PI2, and PI3; inhibitors of ubiquitin-specific protease 1, membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase, and matrix metalloproteinase-2, respectively) revealed that these inhibitors suppressed BL-induced phosphorylation of the PM H+-ATPase but had no effect on the activity of phototropins or ABA-dependent responses. The results suggest that these PIs suppress BL-induced stomatal opening at least in part by inhibiting PM H+-ATPase activity but not the ABA-signaling pathway. The targets of PI1, PI2, and PI3 were predicted by bioinformatics analyses, which provided insight into factors involved in BL-induced stomatal opening.

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