Influence of light intensity, temperature, and leaf area on stomatal aperture and water potential of woody plants

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Pereira ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Diffusion Resistance ◽  
Leaf Resistance ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Temperature Time

Leaf diffusion resistance and shoot water potential of seedlings of six species of woody angiosperms were studied in a 4 × 4 design of crossed gradients of light intensity (1507, 4306, 10 764, and 21 528 lx) and temperature (18, 22.5, 26, and 30 °C). In all species, leaf diffusion resistance generally increased with decreasing light intensity and increasing temperature, but the effects of light intensity were much greater. Highly significant differences on leaf diffusion resistance were found for light intensity, temperature, time of day, and various interactions of these. Shoot water potential of all species decreased with increasing light intensity and temperature. Both leaf resistance and water potential under light and temperature stress varied among species. Despite high leaf resistance under environmental stress, indicating rapid stomatal closure, Acersaccharum with an extensive leaf area developed high shoot water deficits. Stomatal opening and closing in responses to changes in light intensity varied among five species of woody angiosperms but were not consistently correlated with species shade tolerance.

Divergence in plant water-use strategies in semiarid woody species

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael H. Nolan ◽  
Kendal A. Fairweather ◽  
Tonantzin Tarin ◽  
Nadia S. Santini ◽  
James Cleverly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Status

Partitioning of water resources amongst plant species within a single climate envelope is possible if the species differ in key hydraulic traits. We examined 11 bivariate trait relationships across nine woody species found in the Ti-Tree basin of central Australia. We found that species with limited access to soil moisture, evidenced by low pre-dawn leaf water potential, displayed anisohydric behaviour (e.g. large seasonal fluctuations in minimum leaf water potential), had greater sapwood density and lower osmotic potential at full turgor. Osmotic potential at full turgor was positively correlated with the leaf water potential at turgor loss, which was, in turn, positively correlated with the water potential at incipient stomatal closure. We also observed divergent behaviour in two species of Mulga, a complex of closely related Acacia species which range from tall shrubs to low trees and dominate large areas of arid and semiarid Australia. These Mulga species had much lower minimum leaf water potentials and lower specific leaf area compared with the other seven species. Finally, one species, Hakea macrocarpa A.Cunn ex.R.Br., had traits that may allow it to tolerate seasonal dryness (through possession of small specific leaf area and cavitation resistant xylem) despite exhibiting cellular water relations that were similar to groundwater-dependent species. We conclude that traits related to water transport and leaf water status differ across species that experience differences in soil water availability and that this enables a diversity of species to exist in this low rainfall environment.

Modelling seasonal and diurnal dynamics of stomatal conductance of plants in a semiarid environment

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Gao ◽  
Mei Yu ◽  
Xinshi Zhang ◽  
Hongmei Xu ◽  
Yongmei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Guard Cell ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Plant Body ◽  
Leaf Resistance

Seasonal and diurnal stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration, and soil water contents of two shrubs of Hippophae rhamnoides L. subsp. Sinensis Rousi and Caragana korshinskii Kom., two trees of Malus pomila Mill. and Robinia pseudoacacia L., and a forb, Artemisia gmelinii, were measured in field of the semiarid Loess Plateau, north China, during the growing season of 2002. We developed a dynamic, nonlinear semi-mechanistic model to relate stomatal conductance of these plants to soil water potential, incident photon flux density, vapour pressure deficit, and partial CO2 pressure, on leaf surface. The model can be easily adapted to ecosystem simulation because of its mathematical simplicity. Guard-cell osmotic pressure at zero light intensity, apparent elastic modulus of guard cells per leaf area, half-saturation light intensity, maximum light-inducible osmotic pressure, soil-to-leaf resistance at zero plant water potential, sensitivity of soil-to-leaf resistance to xylem water potential, and plant body water capacitance, are independent parameters of the model. The model was fitted to the field data of the five species with a non-linear least-square algorithm to obtain the parameters. The result indicates that the model explained, on average, 88% of seasonal and diurnal variation of stomatal conductance for the five species, in comparison with 67% of variation explained by an early model without plant body water capacitance. Comparisons of the physiological parameters among the species show that the woody species exhibited more tolerance for water stresses than the forb because of their higher dark osmotic pressure, greater capability of seasonal and diurnal osmotic regulation, and stiffer guard cell structure (or smaller stomatal density or both). A decreasing trend of soil-to-leaf resistance from the trees to the shrubs to the forb was found in this study. Midday depression of transpiration and stomatal conductance may or may not occur, depending on the magnitude of body water capacitance.

Stomatal responses of five woody angiospasms to light intensity and humidity

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1525-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Davies ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Stomatal Opening ◽  
Quercus Macrocarpa ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Cercis Canadensis ◽  
Stomatal Responses ◽  
Opening And Closing

Stomatal responses to changes in light intensity and humidity were studied in green and chlorotic Fraxinus americana, Acer saccharum, Quercus macrocarpa, Citrus mitis, and Cercis canadensis seedlings. Stomatal closure occurred at higher light intensities in Acer than in other species. Transpiration was greater in Fraxinus and Quercus than in Citrus, Acer, or Cercis. Stomata opened faster than they closed in Fraxinus and Quercus and they closed faster than they opened in Citrus. Opening and closing rates were not significantly different from each other in Acer and Cercis. Stomata opened and closed faster in green than in chlorotic plants. In green plants, after a decrease in light intensity, species time to equilibrium of stomatal aperture was related as follows: Citrus < Acer < Quercus = Cercis < Fraxinus; and in chlorotic plants: Citrus < Acer = Quercus = Cercis < Fraxinus. After an increase in light intensity, stomatal opening time in green plants was related as follows: Citrus = Acer < Quercus < Cercis = Fraxinus. Stomatal opening in chlorotic plants was faster in Acer than in the other species, where stomata opened to equilibrium in about the same time. With changes in humidity from 20% to 80%, and the reverse, stomata of Fraxinus and Acer opened faster than they closed. Stomatal response to humidity was faster in Acer than in Fraxinus. Stomatal resistance was affected more by humidity changes at low light intensity (6500 lux) than at high intensity (32 000 lux). Postillumination CO2 bursts from leaves occurred in all species and were greater in green than in chlorotic plants. In both green and chlorotic plants, CO2 bursts varied as follows: Citrus > Quercus = Cercis > Fraxinus = Acer. Physiological responses of stomata are discussed in relation to leaf anatomy and metabolism.

Water relations and drought resistance of young Pinusbanksiana and P. resinosa plantation trees

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Pereira ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Diffusion Resistance ◽  
Soil Water Depletion ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Needle Water Potential ◽  
Better Than

Daytime changes in needle water potential and needle diffusion resistance of young Pinusbanksiana and P. resinosa plantation trees were determined at various times throughout the 1974 growing season in northern Wisconsin. Early in the growing season, early-morning water potential and daytime needle diffusion resistance varied little between the two species. However, midday water potentials generally were higher in P. banksiana than in P. resinosa. As the season progressed, water potentials in the early morning were lower, and they decreased more during the day in P. resinosa than in P. banksiana. In addition, stomata of P. banksiana usually closed earlier in the day. Pinusbanksiana appeared to avoid drought better than P. resinosa because the former maintained a higher needle water potential throughout most of the growing season. This reflected lower transpiration and slower soil water depletion associated with lower leaf area and stomatal closure at higher needle water potential in P. banksiana.

Regulation of water loss under moisture stress in sunflower genotypes: stomatal sensitivity in relation to stomatal frequency, diffusive resistances and transpiration rate, at different canopy positions

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Prasad ◽  
V. R. Sashidhar ◽  
Malathi Chari ◽  
S. Rama Rao ◽  
R. Devendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Stomatal Frequency ◽  
Stomatal Sensitivity

SUMMARYTranspiration rate, diffusive resistances, canopy conductances and water potentials were determined at three canopy positions in non·stressed and stressed plants of sunflower hybrid BSH·1 and five other cultivars of sunflower under field conditions. The leaf area (LA) and stomatal frequency (f) was determined at the three canopy positions in field·grown plants and the total number of stomata per plant was calculated as the product of LA and f. These variables were then related to the dry·matter accumulation and seed yield in these cultivars. Cultivars with either a high leaf area or high number of stomata per plant were more productive under non-stress conditions. Under stress conditions, cultivars differed in the extent of change in conductance (g) and transpiration rate at different canopy positions. In the hybrid BSH·1, g was low at all levels in the canopy associated with a higher (less negative) water potential and this hybrid had lower transpiration rates at all canopy levels under stress although the number of stomata per plant was high. Stomatal sensitivity associated with a higher threshold water potential for stomatal closure is discussed as a possible explanation for the higher dry·matter accumulation and productivity of hybrid sunflower BSH·1 under moisture stress conditions.

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF COWPEA UNDER WATER STRESS AND REWATERING IN NO-TILLAGE AND CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE SYSTEMS

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
RÔMULO MAGNO OLIVEIRA DE FREITAS ◽  
JEFERSON LUIZ DALLABONA DOMBROSKI ◽  
FRANCISCO CLÁUDIO LOPES DE FREITAS ◽  
NARJARA WALESSA NOGUEIRA ◽  
JOSÉ RIVANILDO DE SOUZA PINTO
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems

ABSTRACT The goal of this work was to evaluate the physiological responses of cowpea under water stress and rehydration in conventional and no-tillage systems. We evaluated two crop systems (conventional and no tillage) and three water conditions (no stress, moderate stress and severe stress). The following were determined: leaf area, total dry matter, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, internal CO2 concentration and leaf water potential. Water stress affected all variables evaluated, with the exception of leaf water potential. Cowpea recovered with respect to all variables after rehydration at both stress levels. Stomatal closure is an important drought tolerance mechanism, and cowpea can be considered a conservative species (i.e., one that prioritizes water status maintenance rather than photosynthetic rate). Planting systems did not affect photosynthetic rate. The tillage system promoted greater accumulation of biomass and higher leaf area.

Abscisic acid levels and stomatal behavior during drought and recovery in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1370-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward G. Newville ◽  
William K. Ferrell
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Stomatal Behavior ◽  
Leaf Resistance ◽  
Growth Room

Foliage of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings from xeric and mesic environments was sampled during two induced, consecutive, drought cycles to determine relationships among leaf resistance, plant water potential, and abscisic acid (ABA) concentration. One group of seedlings was placed in a growth room; the other was kept outside at a nursery under natural conditions. During the first drought cycle, seedlings transpired similarly. During the second drought, xeric seedlings in the growth room and nursery initiated stomatal closure at greater levels of plant moisture stress (PMS) than in the first drought cycle, but stomatal behavior of mesic seedlings was unchanged. During the first drought cycle, a sharp increase in ABA concentration in both ecotypes coincided with increased leaf resistance within a narrow water-potential range. However, after xeric seedlings were rewatered and then subjected to drought, leaf resistances remained low even though the previous threshold PMS and ABA concentrations for stomatal closure were reached. For mesic seedlings in the growth room, ABA concentrations remained high after rewatering and slowly decreased with time, although recovery to predrought leaf resistances was largely completed 2 days after rewatering.

Irrigation of Geraniums with an Automatic Controlled Water Table System

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 522d-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Buxton ◽  
D.L. Ingram ◽  
Wenwei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Optimum Water

Geraniums in 15-cm pots were irrigated automatically for 8 weeks with a Controlled Water Table (CWT) irrigation system. Plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution supplied by a capillary mat with one end of the mat suspended in a trough below the bottom of the pot. The nutrient solution remained at a constant level in the trough. Nutrient solution removed from the trough was immediately replaced from a larger reservoir. The vertical distance from the surface of the nutrient solution and the bottom of the pot determined the water/air ratio and water potential in the growing media. Treatments consisted of placing pots at 0, 2, 4, and 6 cm above the nutrient solution. Control plants were irrigated as needed with a trickle irrigation system. Geraniums grown at 0,2 and 4 CWT were ≈25% larger than the control plants and those grown at 6 CWT as measured by dry weight and leaf area. Roots of plants grown at 0 CWT were concentrated in the central area of the root ball; whereas roots of plants in other treatments were located more near the bottom of the pot. Advantages of the CWT system include: Plant controlled automatic irrigation; no run off; optimum water/air ratio.

scholarly journals Activation of Local and Systemic Defence Responses by Flg22 Is Dependent on Daytime and Ethylene in Intact Tomato Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8354
Author(s):  
Zalán Czékus ◽  
András Kukri ◽  
Kamirán Áron Hamow ◽  
Gabriella Szalai ◽  
Irma Tari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Defence Responses

The first line of plant defence responses against pathogens can be induced by the bacterial flg22 and can be dependent on various external and internal factors. Here, we firstly studied the effects of daytime and ethylene (ET) using Never ripe (Nr) mutants in the local and systemic defence responses of intact tomato plants after flg22 treatments. Flg22 was applied in the afternoon and at night and rapid reactions were detected. The production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide was induced by flg22 locally, while superoxide was induced systemically, in wild type plants in the light period, but all remained lower at night and in Nr leaves. Flg22 elevated, locally, the ET, jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) levels in the light period; these levels did not change significantly at night. Expression of Pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1), Ethylene response factor 1 (ERF1) and Defensin (DEF) showed also daytime- and ET-dependent changes. Enhanced ERF1 and DEF expression and stomatal closure were also observable in systemic leaves of wild type plants in the light. These data demonstrate that early biotic signalling in flg22-treated leaves and distal ones is an ET-dependent process and it is also determined by the time of day and inhibited in the early night phase.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document