Gibberellic acid induced multilocular fruits in tomato and the role of locule number and seed number in fruit size

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (22) ◽  
pp. 2831-2835 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Sawhney ◽  
D. H. Dabbs
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Locule Number

Young tomato plants were treated with gibberellic acid (GA3) at a stage before floral initiation. In the first truss produced after the treatment, the fresh weight and size of the fruit was lower than the controls but was significantly higher in trusses 2 to 4. Also, whereas in controls the fresh weight and size of tomato fruits steadily declined from truss 1 to truss 4, in GA3-treated plants there was a progressive increase in the fresh weight and size of the fruit. The number of locules per fruit of GA3-treated plants was also greater than the controls but not the number of seeds per fruit. Regression analyses show that both the locule number and seed number have a significant correlation with the fresh weight of the fruit and that these relationships are independent of each other.

scholarly journals Low Overnight Temperature-Induced Gibberellin Accumulation Increases Locule Number in Tomato

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3042
Author(s):  
Yanbing Li ◽  
Meihua Sun ◽  
Hengzuo Xiang ◽  
Yudong Liu ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Locule Number ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Flower Bud Differentiation

The number of locules in tomato affects fruit size, shape, and the incidence of malformation. Low temperature increases locule number and the incidences of malformation in tomato plants. In this study, three flower bud developmental stages (pre-flower bud differentiation, sepal and petal primordium formation, and carpel primordium formation) under different night temperatures (10, 15, and 20 °C) were used to analyze the reason behind locule number change using an RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) approach, Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The results showed that the “plant hormone signal transduction”, “starch and sucrose metabolism”, and “diterpenoid biosynthesis” categories were remarkably activated during flower bud differentiation. Transcripts of gibberellin (GA)-related genes and endogenous levels of GAs were analyzed, and it was discovered that SlGA2ox genes were significantly downregulated and bioactive GA1 and GA4 accumulated at lower overnight temperature. Exogenous application of bioactive GA1, GA4, and PAC (paclobutrazol) showed that GA1 and GA4 increased the locule number, while PAC decreased the locule number. Taken together, our results suggest that lower overnight temperature reduced the expression of SlGA2ox genes, leading to GA1 and GA4 accumulation, thereby increasing locule number in tomato.

scholarly journals Fruit Development in Saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.)

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 682f-682
Author(s):  
Roisin McGarry ◽  
Jocelyn A. Ozga ◽  
Dennis M. Reinecke
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Growing Seasons

Saskatoon fruits, an emerging horticultural crop across the Canadian prairies, vary greatly in size among cultivars. In this study, we compare fruit development patterns among large, medium, and small fruited cultivars of saskatoon, and assess the role of seed number and pedicel diameter on fruit size. Fruit growth patterns of four cultivars (Thiessen, Northline, Regent, and Smoky) were determined from weekly measurements of fruit diameters and fresh and dry flower/fruit weights during two consecutive growing seasons. The developmental patterns of fruit growth determined using the above criteria were similar among cultivars and between years. At maturity, the largest fruits (fresh weight) obtained were from cv. Thiessen, followed by `Northline', `Smoky', and `Regent', in descending order. Pedicel diameters (one week prior to maturity) correlated linearly with increasing fruit diameter and fresh weight. At maturity, seed number per fruit correlated linearly with increasing fruit weight. Thiessen contained significantly more seeds per fruit (4.6) than `Northline' (3.7), `Smoky' (3.2), and `Regent' (3.2).

Effects of gibberellic acid and paclobutrazol on fruit size, shape, locule number and pedicel length of kiwifruit

1990 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.K. Burge ◽  
C.B. Spence ◽  
N.D. Broadbent
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Pedicel Length ◽  
Locule Number

scholarly journals Effect of GA3 and Pollination on Fruit Set and Development in Rabbiteye Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Cano-Medrano ◽  
Rebecca L. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Development Period ◽  
Fruit Mass

To determine if multiple applications of GA3 would increase size of parthenocarpic fruit, and to assess the interaction between GA3 applications and pollination, `Beckyblue' rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) flowers were treated with single or multiple applications of GA3 alone or in combination with full or partial pollination. Single or multiple applications of GA3 resulted in similar or increased fruit set compared with pollination, and increased fruit set compared with no pollination. GA3 applications decreased fruit mass and increased the fruit development period in comparison with pollination alone. Multiple, late applications of GA3 were ineffective in overcoming these effects. Partial (nonsaturating) pollination resulted in an average fruit set of 60%, while set following GA3 treatment in combination with full or partial pollination averaged 85%. Fruit mass was greater in the full pollination ±GA3 treatments than in all other treatments. The number of large seeds and seed mass per fruit were greatest in the full pollination treatment, and were significantly decreased by all treatments in which GA3 and/or partial pollination were used; however, there were no concomitant effects of GA3 in delaying the fruit development period. Our results indicate that under optimal pollination conditions, no detrimental effects of GA3 applications on fruit set, fruit size, or fruit development period in blueberry are to be expected, even though GA3 reduces seed number and seed mass. Furthermore, GA3 applications appear to be beneficial in increasing fruit set under suboptimal pollination conditions, although smaller fruit are to be expected under such conditions. Chemical name used: gibberellic acid (GA3).

Health and social problems associated with HIV infection and AIDS in the professional activity of specialists with secondary medical education

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
L. Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

The article considers urgent problem of modern society – progressive increase in the number of people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Epidemiological characteristics of the pathogen are given, clinical signs of the disease and a modern strategy aimed at reducing the number of infected people are presented. The role of specialists with secondary medical education in the implementation of the Strategy aimed at combating the spread of HIV infection epidemic in the Russian Federation is emphasized.

Interaction Between CPPU and NAA on Fruit Thinning and Fruit Development in Selected Apple Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 513c-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Bukovac ◽  
Jerome Hull ◽  
John C. Neilsen ◽  
Michael Schroeder ◽  
Georg Noga
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Carpel Development ◽  
Return Bloom

NAA is used extensively for fruit thinning of apples to increase fruit size and to promote return bloom. In some cultivars, even if thinning is achieved, fruit size at harvest may be less than expected based on crop load. CPPU, N-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)-N.-phenylurea, has been shown to increase fruit growth in apples, grapes, and kiwi. We evaluated combinations of NAA and CPPU on thinning, fruit growth and return bloom in Redchief `Delicious', `Elstar', and `Gloster'. CPPU was applied at 5 mgμL–1 (based on 0 to 10 mgμL–1 response curve) in combination with 15 mgμL–1 NAA as high-volume sprays at 7 to 10 mm KFD. Yield and fruit size distribution (on total yield) were used as index of response. In `Delicious', CPPU (3-year study) increased % large (70 mm+) fruit, but in the presence of NAA % large fruit was reduced 2 of the 3 years. CPPU did not induce significant thinning. There were no significant effects on color or soluble solids; firmness was increased slightly and seed number reduced. The L/D ratio was increased and uneven lobe and carpel development was common. CPPU had no significant effect on return bloom in presence or absence of NAA, but NAA increased bloom in both the presence and absence of CPPU. With `Elstar' (2-year study) there was no significant thinning with either chemical, but CPPU increased mean fruit size and % large (70–80 mm) fruit over nonthinned, but not significantly greater than NAA alone. There were no significant differences in firmness, color, soluble solids or seed number. NAA + CPPU did not inhibit fruit growth or cause excessive uneven carpel development. Frost damage reduced crop load in `Gloster' where results were similar to `Elstar' except seed number was reduced by the NAA + CPPU combination.

Retirement intentions: what is the role of push factors in predicting retirement intentions?

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 988-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
JODI OAKMAN ◽  
YVONNE WELLS
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Older Employees ◽  
Work Factors ◽  
Retirement Intentions ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTPopulation ageing will significantly impact labour markets in most Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries and as a result individuals will need to remain in paid employment for longer to fund their retirement years. This study examines the retirement intentions of employees of a large public-sector organisation located in Victoria, Australia that was interested in developing policies to assist with retention of their mature-age workforce. Multivariate regression analyses were used to identify the most important predictors of intention to retire. The dependent variable, Intended timing of retirement, was analysed in two forms, as continuous and dichotomised measures. Age and Length of service were strong independent predictors of Intention to retire soon (within five years). Of the work factors that were analysed (Job satisfaction, Job demands, Job control, and Social cohesion), low Job satisfaction and high Social cohesion scores indicated an increased likelihood of retiring soon. The results provide some insight into the development of organisational interventions that might assist with retaining older employees for longer.

scholarly journals Ralstonia solanacearum Needs Motility for Invasive Virulence on Tomato

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (12) ◽  
pp. 3597-3605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Tans-Kersten ◽  
Huayu Huang ◽  
Caitilyn Allen
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Soft Agar ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Virulence Assay ◽  
Flagellar Filament

ABSTRACT Ralstonia solanacearum, a widely distributed and economically important plant pathogen, invades the roots of diverse plant hosts from the soil and aggressively colonizes the xylem vessels, causing a lethal wilting known as bacterial wilt disease. By examining bacteria from the xylem vessels of infected plants, we found thatR. solanacearum is essentially nonmotile in planta, although it can be highly motile in culture. To determine the role of pathogen motility in this disease, we cloned, characterized, and mutated two genes in the R. solanacearum flagellar biosynthetic pathway. The genes for flagellin, the subunit of the flagellar filament (fliC), and for the flagellar motor switch protein (fliM) were isolated based on their resemblance to these proteins in other bacteria. As is typical for flagellins, the predicted FliC protein had well-conserved N- and C-terminal regions, separated by a divergent central domain. The predicted R. solanacearum FliM closely resembled motor switch proteins from other proteobacteria. Chromosomal mutants lackingfliC or fliM were created by replacing the genes with marked interrupted constructs. Since fliM is embedded in the fliLMNOPQR operon, the aphAcassette was used to make a nonpolar fliM mutation. Both mutants were completely nonmotile on soft agar plates, in minimal broth, and in tomato plants. The fliC mutant lacked flagella altogether; moreover, sheared-cell protein preparations from the fliC mutant lacked a 30-kDa band corresponding to flagellin. The fliM mutant was usually aflagellate, but about 10% of cells had abnormal truncated flagella. In a biologically representative soil-soak inoculation virulence assay, both nonmotile mutants were significantly reduced in the ability to cause disease on tomato plants. However, the fliC mutant had wild-type virulence when it was inoculated directly onto cut tomato petioles, an inoculation method that did not require bacteria to enter the intact host from the soil. These results suggest that swimming motility makes its most important contribution to bacterial wilt virulence in the early stages of host plant invasion and colonization.

scholarly journals Role of ethylene and light in chitosan-induced local and systemic defence responses of tomato plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 153461
Author(s):  
Zalán Czékus ◽  
Nadeem Iqbal ◽  
Boglárka Pollák ◽  
Atina Martics ◽  
Attila Ördög ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Defence Responses

ROLE OF ROOTSTOCKS ON ION UPTAKE OF TOMATO PLANTS GROWN UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS

2009 ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.B. Öztekin ◽  
C. Leonardi ◽  
E. Caturano ◽  
M. Martorana ◽  
Y. Tüzel
Keyword(s):  
Ion Uptake ◽  
Tomato Plants
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