The primary vascular system and medullary bundle structure of Phytolacca dioica (Phytolaccaceae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2432-2440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce K. Kirchoff ◽  
Abraham Fahn
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Vascular Strand ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Leaf Arrangement ◽  
Common Center ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bundle Structure ◽  
Primary Vascular System

Phytolacca dioica has a primary vascular system which includes medullary bundles. The primary structure of these bundles is composite, consisting of two to four collateral vascular strands with their phloem poles oriented toward a common center. A cambium is formed between the xylem and phloem of the strands and extends to enclose the phloem of the whole bundle. After a period of cambial activity the medullary bundles become amphivasal. As is typical of species with helical phyllotaxy, the primary vascular system is organized into sympodia. The medullary bundles form the distal portions of the median leaf traces and continue in a medullary position for the number of nodes equal to the denominator of the phyllotactic fraction characterizing a given stem. As a medullary bundle passes out into a leaf, two or three vascular strands pass inward from the vascular cylinder to form a new medullary bundle. The number of medullary bundles in a stem is, thus, maintained. Variations of this pattern occur in the basal regions of juvenile shoots and in the basal and apical regions of adult flowering shoots. The relationship between leaf arrangement and the passing of vascular strand into the pith is discussed and a new classification of vascular systems with medullary bundles is proposed.

scholarly journals Evaluation Relationship Among Dental Fear, SRP Pain and Periodontal Status Using Periodontitis Stages: A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeungyeung Liu ◽  
Caimei Zhang ◽  
Jingyi Wu ◽  
Huimin Yu ◽  
Duoling Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Dental Fear ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Fear Level ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The present study used the new classification of periodontitis and validated questionnaires to assess the relationship among dental fear, SRP pain and periodontal status for clinical evaluation.Methods: An amount of 120 periodontitis patients were retrospective analyzed and staged according to the new classification of periodontitis. Scaling and root planning (SRP) was performed and Visual analogue scales (VAS) applied immediately after SRP treatment. Application of questionnaires including Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scales (DAS), Dental Fear Survey (DFS), and the short-form Dental Anxiety Inventory (S-DAI) were adopted at the time of first attendance and consequent visit after 6 months to assess dental fear level. The scores of each dental fear scale and combination scales were recorded. Patients were divided into two categories according to DAS value (low dental fear group: DAS<13; high dental fear group: DAS≥13). The statistical analysis was performed by t-test, chi-square, pearson and spearman correlative analysis to evaluated the relationship and differences among dental fear, SRP pain and periodontal status.Results: Compared to pre-SRP treatment, dental fear level of DFS and combination scales were significantly decreased in post-treatment in all periodontitis stage. There were no statistical significance on dental fear level of S-DAI and DFS between patients pre and post-treatment in periodontitis stage I and II, while statistical significance were shown in stage III and IV. Correlation were statistical significance among dental fear level assessed by DAS, DFS and S-DAI, VAS and periodontitis stages. Significant differences of patient amount were shown between two categories according to DAS.Conclusions: SRP can reduce dental fear level in all periodontitis stages, especially stage III and IV. Correlations exist among periodontal status, dental fear and SRP pain. High dental fear relates to poor periodontal status.

scholarly journals A New Classification of Anterior Choroidal Artery Aneurysms and Its Clinical Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Duan ◽  
Xuanfeng Qin ◽  
Qinqzhu An ◽  
Yikui Liu ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Diverter ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Anterior Choroidal Artery ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Anterior Choroidal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Choroidal Artery

Background and Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the different subtypes of anterior choroidal artery (AChoA) aneurysm based on a new classification and to analyze the risk factors according to individual endovascular treatment (EVT).Methods: In the new classification, AChoA aneurysms are classified into independent type (I type) and dependent type (II type) based on the relationship between the AChoA and the aneurysm. II type aneurysms have three subtypes, IIa (neck), IIb (body), and IIc (direct). We retrospectively analyzed 52 cases of AChoA aneurysm treated in our center between 2015 to 2019. There were 13 (25.0%) I type aneurysms, 24 (46.2%) IIa aneurysms, 15 (28.8%) IIb aneurysms, and no IIc type; 28 cases had a subarachnoid hemorrhage. According to our preoperative EVT plan for the different subtypes: II type should achieve Raymond-Roy Occlusion Class 1 (RROC 1) where possible. To protect the AChoA, it is best to preserve the neck of the IIa type aneurysms (RROC 2), and RROC 3 is enough for IIb type.Results: Ten asymptomatic cases with minimal aneurysms were treated conservatively. Of the other cases, 42 were treated with individualized EVT (26 with a simple coil, 6 with balloon-assisted coiling, 7 with stent-assisted coiling, and 3 by flow diverter. Different subtypes had different RROC (Z = 14.026, P = 0.001). IIb type aneurysms (χ2 = 7.54, P = 0.023) were one of the factors related to temporary or permanent AChoA injury during surgery. Overall, two patients (IIa = 1, IIb = 1) developed contralateral hemiparesis.Conclusions: The new classification diagram clearly shows the features of all types of AChoA aneurysm and makes EVT planning more explicit. The II type (particularly IIb) was a potential risk factor for AChoA injury.

scholarly journals The relationship between periodontite and diabetes mellitus type ii facing the new classification of periodontal diseases: literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Maria Lopes de OLIVEIRA ◽  
Lívia Mirelle BARBOSA
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
New Classification ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Periodontal disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus are considered chronic diseases that at their core have a deep relationship with inflammation. It is assumed that there is a bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is estimated that approximately 10% of the world’s population is affected by periodontal disease, in its most severe form, almost the same percentage estimated for people with diabetes, which is considered a 21st century emergency. The World Workshop for the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions took place from September 9-11, 2017. The aim of this study is to analyze the results of this workshop with regard to the relationship between periodontal diseases/conditions and diabetes mellitus, in addition to conducting an integrative review on the topic. A literature review was conducted, using the Medline electronic databases via Pubmed, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Scientific and Technical Literature of Latin America and the Caribbean and Virtual Health Library. A new classification of periodontal disease included tools for individual assessment of the patient and recognizing risk factors that might negatively interfere in response to treatment. The occurrence of metabolic lack of control in periodontal patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is now considered a factor of great importance for the assessment of individual susceptibility to the progression of periodontitis. Diabetes is believed to promote a hyper inflammatory response to bacterial challenge by modifying the tissue response of periodontal tissues.

scholarly journals CantoCore: A new cross-cultural song classification scheme

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. Savage ◽  
Emily Merritt ◽  
Tom Rzeszutek ◽  
Steven Brown
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Performance Style ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Musical Evolution ◽  
The Relationship

Classification of organisms and languages has long provided the foundation for studying biological and cultural history, but there is still no accepted scheme for classifying songs cross-culturally. The best candidate, Lomax and Grauer’s “Cantometrics” coding scheme, did not spawn a large following due, in part, to concerns about its reliability. We present here a new classification scheme, called “CantoCore”, that is inspired by Cantometrics but that emphasizes its “core” structural characters rather than the more subjective characters of performance style. Using both schemes to classify the 30 songs from the Cantometrics Consensus Tape, we found that CantoCore appeared to be approximately 80% more reliable than Cantometrics. Nevertheless, Cantometrics still demonstrated significant reliability for all but its instrumental characters. Future multidisciplinary applications of CantoCore and Cantometrics to the cross-cultural study of musical similarity, musical evolution, musical universals, and the relationship between music and culture will provide the true test of each scheme’s value.

scholarly journals A New Classification of Perceptual Interactions between Odorants to Interpret Complex Aroma Systems. Application to Model Wine Aroma

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1627
Author(s):  
Vicente Ferreira ◽  
Arancha de-la-Fuente-Blanco ◽  
María-Pilar Sáenz-Navajas
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Wine Aroma ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Classical Studies ◽  
Analytical Processing ◽  
The Relationship

Although perceptual interactions are usually mentioned and blamed for the difficulties in understanding the relationship between odorant composition and aromatic sensory properties, they are poorly defined and categorised. Furthermore, old classifications refer mainly to effects on the odour intensity of the mixture of dissimilar non-blending odours and do not consider odour blending, which is one of the most relevant and influential perceptual interactions. Beginning with the results from classical studies about odour interaction, a new and simple systematic is proposed in which odour interactions are classified into four categories: competitive, cooperative, destructive and creative. The first categories are most frequent and display a mild level of interaction, being characterised mostly by analytical processing. The last two are less frequent and activate (or deactivate) configurational processes of object recognition with deep effects on the quality and intensity of the perception. These interactions can be systematically applied to interpret the formation of sensory descriptors from the odorant composition, suggesting that qualitatively the system works. However, there is a lack of quantitative data to work with odour intensities reliably, and a pressing need to systematise the effects of creative interactions.

Fuzzy Generalized Bi–Γ–Ideals of Type (λ, θ) In Ordered Γ–Semigroups

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiz Muhammad Khan ◽  
Nor Haniza Sarmin ◽  
Asghar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Function ◽  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Fuzzy Subset ◽  
New Classification ◽  
New Finding ◽  
The Relationship

Subscribing to the Zadeh’s idea on fuzzy sets, many researchers strive to identify the key attributes of these sets for new finding in mathematics. In this perspective, we introduce a new concept of fuzzy generalized bi–Γ–ideal of an ordered Γ–semigroup G called a (λ, θ)–fuzzy generalized bi–Γ–ideal ofG. Fuzzy generalized bi–Γ–ideals of type (λ, θ) are the generalization of ordinary fuzzy generalized bi–Γ–ideals of an ordered Γ–semigroup G. A new classification of ordered Γ–semigroups in terms of a (λ, θ)–fuzzy generalized bi–Γ–ideal is given. Furthermore, we proved that U(μ, t) is a generalized bi–Γ–ideal if and only if the fuzzy subset μ is a (λ, θ)–fuzzy generalized bi–Γ–ideal of G for all t ∈(λ,θ]. Similarly, A is a generalized bi–Γ–ideal if and only if the characteristic function μA of A is a (λ, θ)–fuzzy generalized bi–Γ–ideal of G. Finally, the relationship between ordinary fuzzy generalized bi–Γ–ideal and (λ, θ)–fuzzy generalized bi–Γ–ideal is discussed.

Taxonomy of the ceratophysellan lineage (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) in the light of laboratory hybridization studies

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1043 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
DARIUSZ SKARÚYºSKI
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Species Concepts ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Good Basis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Recent Laboratory

The results of recent laboratory hybridization studies on the ceratophysellan lineage species are synthesized, and their impact on the taxonomy of this lineage is discussed. The discovered rule that morphological similarity is proportional to the reproductive isolation degree and in consequence to the relationship between species is a good basis for distinguishing species with potential for classification of the ceratophysellan lineage. The morphological and biological species concepts appear to be fully compatible, and Schaefferia emucronata, S. willemi, Ceratophysella denticulata, C. engadinensis, C. stercoraria, C. silvatica, and C. granulata appear to be species consistent with the general lineage concept. The proposed new classification of the ceratophysellan lineage (composed of two genera: C. denticulata group + Typhlogastrura + Schaefferia and C. armata group + Bonetogastrura) is tested against the results of laboratory hybridization studies. The probable monophyly of Schaefferia and polyphyly of Bonetogastrura and Typhlogastrura show that the phylogeny of the ceratophysellan lineage is more complicated than suggested by presently accepted and proposed classifications. The obtained results are only a premise, and the probability of the conclusion being correct would increase with the number of such tests.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology and classification of pseudomyxoma peritonei

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bignell ◽  
Norman J. Carr ◽  
Faheez Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Tumour Markers ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ovarian Involvement

AbstractBackground: The term pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) was first described in 1884 and there has been much debate since then over the term. A recent consensus of world experts agreed that PMP should be thought of as a clinical entity characterised by the presence of mucinous ascites, omental cake, peritoneal implants and possibly ovarian involvement. It generally originates from mucinous appendiceal tumours.Content: This review details the clinical presentation of this unusual condition, presents the new classification system and how this relates to outcome. The pathophysiology of this disease is also explored with a special reference to the relationship of the disease to tumour markers.Summary: A classification system has been agreed upon by the leading experts in PMP which is now divided into low and high grade mucinous carcinomatosis peritonei. This distinction correlates with clinical outcome as does the presence of raised tumour markers preoperatively.Outlook: Research needs to be focused on understanding the factors associated with poor prognosis through well designed multi-centred prospective studies. This will allow us to identify patients with bad tumour biology so that targeted treatment based on likely prognosis may then become a reality.

Does More Compression Mean More Pressure? A New Classification for Muscle Tension Dysphonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 2177-2184
Author(s):  
Secundino Fernández ◽  
Octavio Garaycochea ◽  
Ana Martinez-Arellano ◽  
Juan Alcalde
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lateral Compression ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Tension Dysphonia ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Objective The aims of this study were to test the hypothesis that greater supraglottic compression (anteroposterior or lateral) correlates with higher subglottic pressure (SGP) and to develop a classification of muscle tension dysphonia (MTD), based on the degree of supraglottic compression during speech. Method A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in a series of 37 consecutive patients diagnosed with MTD with an altered aerodynamic profile characterized by high SGP (more than 90 mmH 2 O). Supraglottic anteroposterior and lateral compression were categorized in three grades and assessed during the laryngoscopic examination. All patients completed the Spanish Voice Handicap Index (VHI) questionnaire and completed an acoustic and aerodynamic voice assessment. The relationship between compression grade and VHI with SGP was analyzed. Results More than 90% of patients demonstrated some degree of anteroposterior compression, and 67% had some degree of lateral compression. The mean ( SD ) SGP was 111.03 (16.7) mmH 2 O, and the mean VHI was 27.86 (12.5). The degree of SGP was statistically different in the different grades of anteroposterior compression, and also anteroposterior compression correlated with an SGP ( p < .05). The degree of lateral compression was not correlated with SGP. Neither the degree of anteroposterior or lateral compression nor the value of SGP was found to correlate with VHI. Conclusions Because grade of anteroposterior compression correlates with SGP, these grades can be used for diagnosis and follow-up of MTD patients. To this end and on this basis, we propose a new classification for MTD. Unlike the established classification, our proposed one makes it possible to combine different laryngoscopic features, improving the description of the larynx during phonation.

Studies on the anomalous cambial activity in Doxantha unguis-cati (Bignoniaceae). I. Development of the vascular pattern

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2101-2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Dobbins
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Vascular Pattern ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Primary Xylem ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cell Zone

The development of the vascular pattern was studied in Doxantha unguis-cati as a prelude to correlating the vascular system to the anomalous cambial activity observed in the mature stem. The shoot apex of this liana has a two-layered mantle covering a corpus of a mother cell zone and a flanking meristem. Just below the shoot apex a cylinder of procambium differentiates. The first primary phloem can be recognized in the third internode and the first primary xylem in the fourth or fifth internodes. As the internodes elongate so do the procambial cells. The cells of the pith, on the other hand, are shorter than the procambial cells and accommodate to the extensive internode elongation by cell division. The vascular system of the young shoot includes not only bundles, but also individual strands of phloem. The stem has multilacunar nodes from which five bundles and two phloem strands depart into each of the oppositely paired leaves. Within the stem there are four continuous bundles to which all other bundles connect. The location of these four bundles corresponds to the formation of the characteristic anomalous cambium observed in the secondary growth of the older stem. The relationship between the vascular pattern of D. unguis-cati to other vascular patterns is also discussed.

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