Studies on the anomalous cambial activity in Doxantha unguis-cati (Bignoniaceae). I. Development of the vascular pattern

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2101-2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Dobbins
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Vascular Pattern ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Primary Xylem ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cell Zone

The development of the vascular pattern was studied in Doxantha unguis-cati as a prelude to correlating the vascular system to the anomalous cambial activity observed in the mature stem. The shoot apex of this liana has a two-layered mantle covering a corpus of a mother cell zone and a flanking meristem. Just below the shoot apex a cylinder of procambium differentiates. The first primary phloem can be recognized in the third internode and the first primary xylem in the fourth or fifth internodes. As the internodes elongate so do the procambial cells. The cells of the pith, on the other hand, are shorter than the procambial cells and accommodate to the extensive internode elongation by cell division. The vascular system of the young shoot includes not only bundles, but also individual strands of phloem. The stem has multilacunar nodes from which five bundles and two phloem strands depart into each of the oppositely paired leaves. Within the stem there are four continuous bundles to which all other bundles connect. The location of these four bundles corresponds to the formation of the characteristic anomalous cambium observed in the secondary growth of the older stem. The relationship between the vascular pattern of D. unguis-cati to other vascular patterns is also discussed.

THE ROOT SYSTEM OF LINARIA VULGARIS MILL. II: DIFFERENTIATION OF ROOT TYPES

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Charlton
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Linaria Vulgaris ◽  
Primary Xylem ◽  
Root Apices ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Root Types

The relationship has been investigated between stelar diameter, complexity, and the presence or absence of secondary growth in roots of Linaria vulgaris. Diameter and complexity of the primary xylem body were used as parameters. The presence of secondary growth is considered to be a character of roots developing as long roots. The long roots are responsible for the vegetative propagation of the plant. The frequency of occurrence of secondary growth tends to increase both with stelar diameter and complexity, but secondary growth can occur in roots of any size and complexity. Any root appears to be capable of developing as a long root but the larger roots have a greater chance of so doing. It is thought that roots which are developing as long roots inhibit other roots from such development; probably the larger root apices in any given plant are more capable of escaping from or exerting such inhibition.

The primary vascular system and medullary bundle structure of Phytolacca dioica (Phytolaccaceae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2432-2440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce K. Kirchoff ◽  
Abraham Fahn
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Vascular Strand ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Leaf Arrangement ◽  
Common Center ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bundle Structure ◽  
Primary Vascular System

Phytolacca dioica has a primary vascular system which includes medullary bundles. The primary structure of these bundles is composite, consisting of two to four collateral vascular strands with their phloem poles oriented toward a common center. A cambium is formed between the xylem and phloem of the strands and extends to enclose the phloem of the whole bundle. After a period of cambial activity the medullary bundles become amphivasal. As is typical of species with helical phyllotaxy, the primary vascular system is organized into sympodia. The medullary bundles form the distal portions of the median leaf traces and continue in a medullary position for the number of nodes equal to the denominator of the phyllotactic fraction characterizing a given stem. As a medullary bundle passes out into a leaf, two or three vascular strands pass inward from the vascular cylinder to form a new medullary bundle. The number of medullary bundles in a stem is, thus, maintained. Variations of this pattern occur in the basal regions of juvenile shoots and in the basal and apical regions of adult flowering shoots. The relationship between leaf arrangement and the passing of vascular strand into the pith is discussed and a new classification of vascular systems with medullary bundles is proposed.

Anatomical and morphological studies in the Chenopodiaceae. III. The primary vascular system and nodal anatomy

1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Bisalputra
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Nodal Anatomy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Primary Vascular System

A study of the primary vascular system and nodal anatomy of 32 species of the family Chenopodiaoeae is reported. The results of other workers are integrated and hypotheses regarding probable trends in the evolution of the vascular system are advanced. Basically, the family has a unilacunar node, and the structure of the primary vascular system is classified into three types by reference to the number of leaf traces at a node and their relationships with each other or with cauline bundles within the axis. The Kochia-Bassia type, which is characteristic of Kochia, Bassia, Malacocera, Threllceldia, Babbagia, Enchylaena, Suaeda, and Salsola, is the most primitive and these genera are considered to be closely related. The specialized articulated group, which includes Salicornia and Arthrocnemum, and the third group, the Rhagodia-Atriplex, are more advanced. The relationship between genera within each of these groups is discussed with reference to the vascular anatomy and other morphological features.

Retroaktive Neuverhandlung

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Martin Feige
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
The Third ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Relationship

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frage historischer Folgeverhältnisse in der Kunst. Gegenüber dem Gedanken, dass es ein ursprüngliches Werk in der Reihe von Werken gibt, das späteren Werken seinen Sinn gibt, schlägt der Text vor, das Verhältnis umgekehrt zu denken: Im Lichte späterer Werke wird der Sinn früherer Werke neu ausgehandelt. Dazu geht der Text in drei Schritten vor. Im ersten Teil formuliert er unter der Überschrift ›Form‹ in kritischer Abgrenzung zu Danto und Eco mit Adorno den Gedanken, dass Kunstwerke eigensinnig konstituierte Gegenstände sind. Die im Gedanken der Neuverhandlung früherer Werke im Lichte späterer Werke vorausgesetzte Unbestimmtheit des Sinns von Kunstwerken wird im zweiten Teil unter dem Schlagwort ›Zeitlichkeit‹ anhand des Paradigmas der Improvisation erörtert. Der dritte und letzte Teil wendet diese improvisatorische Logik unter dem Label ›Neuaushandlung‹ dann dezidiert auf das Verhältnis von Vorbild und Nachbild an. The article proposes a new understanding of historical succession in the realm of art. In contrast to the idea that there is an original work in the series of works that gives meaning to the works that come later, the text proposes to think it exactly the other way round: in the light of later works, the meanings of earlier works are renegotiated. The text proceeds in three steps to develop this idea. Under the heading ›Form‹ it develops in the first part a critical reading of Danto’s and Eco’s notion of the constitution of the artworks and argues with Adorno that each powerful work develops its own language. In the second part, the vagueness of the meaning of works of art presupposed in the idea of renegotiating earlier works in the light of later works is discussed under the term ›Temporality‹ in terms of the logic of improvisation. The third and final part uses this improvisational logic under the label ›Renegotiation‹ to understand the relationship between model and afterimage in the realm of art.

RECREATION SPECIALIZATION FOR RUNNERS AND EVENT ATTACHMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao Okayasu ◽  
Chi-Ok Oh ◽  
Duarte B Morais
Keyword(s):  
Practical Implication ◽  
Event Management ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
The Third ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The World ◽  
Recreation Specialization ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Predictive Relationship

Running is one of the most popular activities in the world. Runners’ attitudes and behaviors vary depending on their running style. This study aims to construct different measures of running specialization based on the theory of specialization. This study also tests a runner’s stage of specialization segmentation based on recreation specialization and examines the predictive relationship between a runner’s specialization and event attachment. Three groups of sampling data assess the performance of diverse specialization measures for running in three marathon events. First, two surveys were conducted with marathon participants to assess the performance of diverse specialization measures for runners. Second, the third dataset was used to examine the relationship between a runner’s recreation specialization and event attachment.The study results showed that the 15 measures of specialization showed a good fit to the data. Our research showed how runners’ recreation specialization is connected to their event attachment. In addition, this study suggested event management for subdivisions of runners. Its practical implication is that recreation specialization for running can help us understand event attachment.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Effects of the Kinematic System on the Quality of Holes Drilled in 42CrMo4 + QT Steel

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4046
Author(s):  
Mateusz Bronis ◽  
Edward Miko ◽  
Lukasz Nowakowski
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Internal Cooling ◽  
Hole Quality ◽  
The Third ◽  
Kinematic System ◽  
Turning Center ◽  
Dimensional Errors ◽  
The Relationship

This article discusses the relationship between the kinematic system used in drilling and the quality of through-holes. The drilling was done on a CTX Alpha 500 universal turning center using a TiAlN-coated 6.0 mm drill bit with internal cooling, mounted in a driven tool holder. The holes were cut in cylindrical 42CrMo4 + QT steel samples measuring 30 mm in diameter and 30 mm in length. Three types of hole-drilling kinematic systems were considered. The first consisted of a fixed workpiece and a tool performing rotary (primary) and linear motions. In the second system, the workpiece rotated (primary motion) while the tool moved linearly. In the third system, the workpiece and the tool rotated in opposite directions; the tool also moved linearly. The analysis was carried out for four output parameters characterizing the hole quality (i.e., cylindricity, straightness, roundness, and diameter errors). The experiment was designed using the Taguchi approach (orthogonal array). ANOVA multi-factor statistical analysis was used to determine the influence of the input parameters (cutting speed, feed per revolution and type of kinematic system) on the geometrical and dimensional errors of the hole. From the analysis, it is evident that the kinematic system had a significant effect on the hole roundness error.

scholarly journals The Correlation Between Timing of Surgery and the Need for RBC Transfusions in the Geriatric Intertrochanteric Fracture Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215145932199861
Author(s):  
Yun-fa Yang ◽  
Jian-wen Huang ◽  
Xiao-sheng Gao ◽  
Zai-li Liu ◽  
Jian-wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intertrochanteric Fracture ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Timing Of Surgery ◽  
Intertrochanteric Fractures ◽  
The Third ◽  
Transfusion Requirements ◽  
Surgical Fixation ◽  
Fracture Population ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rbc Transfusion

Objective: To identify whether the timing of surgery affects red blood cell (RBC) transfusion requirements in the elderly with intertrochanteric fractures. Methods: We retrospectively studied all patients undergoing surgical fixation of their intertrochanteric fractures in our hospital between January 2009 and December 2018 and analyzed the relationship between the timing of surgery and RBC transfusion. Results: A total of 679 patients were included in this study. The need for RBC transfusion was lower in the patients who underwent surgery within 12 h after admission (timing of surgery <12 h, <12 h group) than those who underwent surgery over 12 h after admission (timing of surgery >12 h, >12 h group) (P = 0.046); lower in the the patients who underwent surgery within 24 h after admission (timing of surgery <24 h, <24 h group) than in those who underwent surgery over 24 h after admission (timing of surgery >24 h, >24 h group) (P = 0.008), and lower in the <24 h group compared to the patients who underwent surgery within 48 h after admission (timing of surgery <48 h, <48 h group) (P = 0.035). Moreover, the need for RBC transfusion was lower in the <24 h group (in the first 24 h from admission to surgery) than in the 24-48 h group (in the second 24 h from admission to surgery) (P = 0.016), and also lower in the <24 h group compared to the 48-72 h group (in the third 24 h from admission to surgery) (P = 0.047). However, there were no differences between the <12 h group and 12-24 h group, between the <12 h group and <24 h group, and between the 12-24 h group and <24 h group, respectively. Conclusion: Timing of surgery within 24 h contributes to the reduction of RBC transfusion in the elderly with intertrochanteric fractures.

Women’s Liberation and the Agrarian Question: Insights from Peasant Movements in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-40
Author(s):  
Archana Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
Agrarian Question ◽  
The Third ◽  
Peasant Movements ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores some questions arising from recent debates on patriarchy and capitalism. The focus is on the role of women in communist-led peasant movements in India and the implications of such struggles on the project of women’s emancipation. The first section lays out a framework for discussing the interface between class consciousness and the anti-patriarchal project, whereby patriarchy is located within the structural contradictions arising out of the contestations within the process of accumulation. The second section documents the historical context, focusing on the relationship between land reforms and social transformation in semi-feudal and early capitalist contexts, and analyzes the extent to which communist-led struggles are anti-patriarchal in character. The third section turns to the participation of women in the contemporary struggles of both agricultural workers and peasant movements and underlines the new emerging dialectics between women’s and peasant organizations under a neoliberal state and with deepening agrarian distress.

Desire for Self-healing

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 317-335
Author(s):  
Ngar-sze Lau
Keyword(s):  
Theravada Buddhism ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Core Knowledge ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Physical Suffering ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Core Practice ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

Abstract This practice report describes how Chinese meditators understand the “four foundations of mindfulness” (satipaṭṭhāna, sinianzhu 四念住) as a remedy for both mental and physical suffering. In the tradition of Theravāda Buddhism, satipaṭṭhāna is particularly recognized as the core knowledge for understanding the relationship between mind and body, and the core practice leading to liberation from suffering. Based on interviews with Chinese meditation practitioners, this study develops three main themes concerning how they have alleviated afflictions through the practice of satipaṭṭhāna. The first theme highlights how practitioners learn to overcome meditation difficulties with “right attitude.” The second theme is about practicing awareness with “six sense doors” open in order to facilitate the balance of the “five faculties.” The third theme explores how practitioners cultivate daily life practice through an understanding of the nature of mind and body as impermanent and as not-self. This paper details how these themes and embodied practices of satipaṭṭhāna constitute ways of self-healing for urban educated Buddhists in the contemporary Chinese context.

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